Red satinbird

Last updated

Red satinbird
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Passeriformes
Family: Cnemophilidae
Genus: Cnemophilus
Species:
Subspecies:
C. m. sanguineus
Trinomial name
Cnemophilus macgregorii sanguineus
Iredale, 1948
Synonyms
  • Cnemophilus sanguineus

The red satinbird (Cnemophilus macgregorii sanguineus), commonly known as antenna satinbird or crested cnemophilus and formerly known as the sickle-crested bird-of-paradise, is a subspecies of bird in the family Cnemophilidae. It was formerly placed in the bird-of-paradise family Paradisaeidae until genetic work proved it was unrelated to those birds. It is found in the Bird's Tail Peninsula, Papua New Guinea.

Contents

Taxonomy

The red satinbird was formally described in 1948 by the English ornithologist Tom Iredale. He considered the bird to be a subspecies of the crested satinbird and coined the trinomial name Cnemophilus macgregorii sanguineus. [2] The generic epithet cnemophilus, means "mountain/slope-lover" and the subspecies epithet sanguineus means "bloody", referring to the males' bright reddish-orange to orange upperparts.

Description

Male specimen at the Naturalis Biodiversity Center Naturalis Biodiversity Center - RMNH.AVES.19823 1 - Cnemophilus macgregorii sanguineus Iredale, 1948 - Paradisaeidae - bird skin specimen.jpeg
Male specimen at the Naturalis Biodiversity Center

The male red satinbird sports bright, orange to reddish-orange upperparts, tail and most of the head is of the same color as well. The cheeks, chin and everything below is a blackish to black color. The feature that granted their former name, sickle-crested bird-of-paradise, is the small group of fine, brownish-purple crest plumes that are usually obscure in the head/crown feathers and is usually raised during displays. The female is plain olive brownish above and light brownish below. Like other members of the family, they have weak feet and an extremely wide gape; the mouth is pinkish in color, and the bill is light grayish.

They make harsh rasping calls and also some bell-like ringing sounds; some clicking and creaking calls have been recorded as well.

Behavior and ecology

Red satinbirds are usually seen solitarily, pairs or occasionally in small groups at good fruiting trees. Like all satinbirds, their diet is exclusively fruits, in which their wide gapes are accustomed to. They are also sometimes seen feeding in association with birds-of-paradise in good feeding sites. Outside of fruits, they have been recorded taking earthworms and shelled molluscs. Breeding season not well studied, but is known to occur in August through January in the Eastern Central highlands. [3] The female takes sole duty of rearing the chicks and building nests; she builds dome-shaped, globular nests reminiscent to bowerbirds' nests, made out of twigs, stems, leaves, etc. The clutch is most likely one egg, and it takes around 25–27 days for them to hatch. The chicks are fed mainly fruits and some invertebrates.

Habitat and distribution

Red satinbirds are found in the mountains of south-eastern New Guinea, i.e. Kaijende Highlands and Mt. Giluwe. Red satinbirds are found in montane forests and forest edge, as well as subalpine forests at 2100–3650 m in altitude, but mostly at 2600–3500 m.

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Orange-headed thrush</span> Species of bird

The orange-headed thrush is a bird in the thrush family.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">White cockatoo</span> Species of bird

The white cockatoo, also known as the umbrella cockatoo, is a medium-sized all-white cockatoo endemic to tropical rainforest on islands of Indonesia. When surprised, it extends a large and striking head crest, which has a semicircular shape. The wings and tail have a pale yellow or lemon color which is exposed when they fly. It is similar to other species of white cockatoo such as yellow-crested cockatoo, sulphur-crested cockatoo, and salmon-crested cockatoo, all of which have yellow, orange or pink crest feathers instead of white.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Grizzled giant squirrel</span> Species of rodent

The grizzled giant squirrel is a large tree squirrel in the genus Ratufa found in the highlands of the Central and Uva provinces of Sri Lanka, and in patches of riparian forest along the Kaveri River and in the hill forests of Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Kerala states of southern India. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) lists the species as near threatened due to habitat loss and hunting.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Collared aracari</span> Species of bird

The collared aracari or collared araçari is a near-passerine bird in the toucan family Ramphastidae. It is found from Mexico to Colombia and Venezuela.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Painted berrypecker</span> Family of birds

The painted berrypeckers, Paramythiidae, are a very small bird family restricted to the mountain forests of New Guinea. The family comprises three species in two genera: the tit berrypecker in Oreocharis, and the eastern crested berrypecker and western crested berrypecker in Paramythia. These are colourful medium-sized birds which feed on fruit and some insects. These species were formerly included in the Dicaeidae, but DNA–DNA hybridization studies showed these species were related to each other but distinct from the flowerpeckers. Some sources group painted berrypeckers as two genera belonging to the berrypecker family Melanocharitidae.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Himalayan cuckoo</span> Species of bird

Cuculus saturatus, better well known as the Himalayan cuckoo or Oriental cuckoo, is a brooding parasitic bird that is part of the Cuculidae family. The species breeds from the Himalayas eastward to southern China and Taiwan. It migrates to southeast Asia and the Greater Sunda Islands for the winter.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Black sicklebill</span> Species of bird

The black sicklebill is a large member of the birds of paradise family, Paradisaeidae. This species is found throughout most of central New Guinea and the Vogelkop region to the northwest in montane forests at altitudes from 1,800 to 2,150 m.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Magnificent bird-of-paradise</span> Species of bird

The magnificent bird-of-paradise is a species of bird-of-paradise. The magnificent bird-of-paradise is evaluated as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. They are listed in Appendix II of CITES.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Greater lophorina</span> Species of bird

The greater lophorina, also known as superb bird-of-paradise or greater superb bird-of-paradise, is a species of the Paradisaeidae (bird-of-paradise) family. It was considered the sole species in the genus until in 2017 it was recognised that there were three species.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Carola's parotia</span> Species of bird

Carola's parotia, also known as Queen Carola's six-wired bird-of-paradise or Queen Carola's parotia, is a species of bird-of-paradise.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Stephanie's astrapia</span> Species of bird

Stephanie's astrapia, also known as Princess Stephanie's astrapia, is a species of bird-of-paradise of the family Paradisaeidae, native to the Bird's Tail Peninsula. This species was first described by Carl Hunstein in 1884.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Raggiana bird-of-paradise</span> Species of bird

The Raggiana bird-of-paradise, also known as Count Raggi's bird-of-paradise, is a large bird in the bird-of-paradise family Paradisaeidae.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Curl-crested manucode</span> Species of bird

The curl-crested manucode is a species of bird-of-paradise.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Northern tufted flycatcher</span> Species of bird

The northern tufted flycatcher or simply tufted flycatcher is a small passerine bird in the tyrant flycatcher family. It breeds in highlands from northwestern Mexico to northwestern Ecuador. The olive flycatcher of Peru and Bolivia is now considered a separate species.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Loria's satinbird</span> Species of bird

Loria's satinbird or velvet satinbird, formerly known as Loria's bird-of-paradise, is a species of bird in the family Cnemophilidae. It is found in the New Guinea Highlands. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Red-crested cardinal</span> Species of bird

The red-crested cardinal is a passerine bird in the tanager family Thraupidae. Notwithstanding its similar name, this bird is not closely related to the true cardinal family Cardinalidae. It is sometimes known as the Brazilian cardinal.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Satinbird</span> Family of birds

The satinbirds or cnemophilines, are a family, Cnemophilidae of passerine birds which consists of four species found in the mountain forests of New Guinea. They were originally thought to be part of the birds-of-paradise family Paradisaeidae until genetic research suggested that the birds are not closely related to birds-of-paradise at all and are perhaps closer to berry peckers and longbills (Melanocharitidae). The current evidence suggests that their closest relatives may be the cuckoo-shrikes (Campephagidae).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Central Range sub-alpine grasslands</span> Ecoregion in New Guinea

The Central Range sub-alpine grasslands is a montane grasslands and shrublands ecoregion on the island of New Guinea. The ecoregion covers the highest-elevation portions of the New Guinea Highlands, which extend along the spine of the island. The high elevations support rare tropical sub-alpine and alpine habitats, including many endemic plants and animals.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Coconut lorikeet</span> Species of bird

The coconut lorikeet, also known as the green-naped lorikeet, is a parrot in the family Psittaculidae. Seven species of lorikeets now recognised were once lumped together under Trichoglossus haematodus.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Crested satinbird</span> Species of bird

The crested satinbird, formerly known as the crested bird-of-paradise, is a species of bird in the satinbird family Cnemophilidae. It is found in the mountains of Papua New Guinea.

References

  1. BirdLife International (2017). "Cnemophilus sanguineus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2017: e.T103731114A112748548. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-1.RLTS.T103731114A112748548.en . Retrieved 13 November 2021.
  2. Iredale, Tom (1948). "A check list of the birds of paradise and bower-birds". Australian Zoologist. 11 (3): 161–189 [162].
  3. "Red Satinbird (Cnemophilus sanguineus)". www.hbw.com. Retrieved 2019-09-21.