 | |
| Geographical range | North Italy |
|---|---|
| Period | Chalcolithic |
| Dates | 3400–2400 BCE |
| Preceded by | Neolithic Italy |
| Followed by | Bell Beaker culture, Polada culture |
The Remedello culture (Italian Cultura di Remedello) developed during the Copper Age (4th and 3rd millennium BCE) in Northern Italy, particularly in the area of the Po valley. The name comes from the town of Remedello (Brescia) where several burials were discovered in the late 19th century. [1]
The first burials were discovered in the winter of 1884, the excavations were initiated by Gaetano Chierici, but, as a result of the low temperatures, he fell ill and died. The excavations continued under the direction of Giovanni Bandieri, who moved the relics to the Museum of Reggio Emilia. [2]
The Copper Age graves contained a single body in a crouching or supine position with the head facing north-west. [2]
The male set was represented by arrows, stone daggers and polished stone axes, among the tombs few are those with axes and daggers or ornaments made of copper. [2]
The female burials are accompanied by ceramic vessels or (in rare occasions) ornaments. The graves of children contained simple kits of flint stone. [2]
Among the found items noteworthy is the presence of extremely accurate works in flint stone as axes and other weapons, objects in copper and arsenical silver (arms, pins, pectorals, bracelets), all of them characterized by decorative elements of eastern origin. [1]
C. Quiles (2021) gathered three ancient dna results for the Remedello culture: two I2-L460, and one G2a2a. [3]
Although most of the discovered tombs date to the Chalcolithic, burials from the Bronze Age and the Iron Age have also been recovered.
The Remedello culture has been recently periodized by scholars into two distinct historical periods both dating back to the Copper Age. [2]
Remedello I : 3400 [4] / 3200 BCE – 2800 BCE, or ancient Copper Age stage;
Remedello II: 2900 [4] / 2800 BCE – 2400 BCE, or full Copper Age stage.
| Chalcolithic Eneolithic, Aeneolithic, or Copper Age |
|---|
| ↑ Stone Age ↑ Neolithic |
| ↓ Bronze Age ↓ Iron Age |
The Chalcolithic was an archaeological period characterized by the increasing use of smelted copper. It followed the Neolithic and preceded the Bronze Age. It occurred at different periods in different areas, but was absent in some parts of the world, such as Russia, where there was no well-defined Copper Age between the Stone and Bronze Ages. Stone tools were still predominantly used during this period.
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The Ochre Coloured Pottery culture (OCP) is a Bronze Age culture of the Indo-Gangetic Plain "generally dated 2000–1500 BCE," extending from eastern Punjab to northeastern Rajasthan and western Uttar Pradesh.
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The Copper Age, also called the Eneolithic or the Chalcolithic Age, has been traditionally understood as a transitional period between the Neolithic and the Bronze Age, in which a gradual introduction of the metal took place, while stone was still the main resource utilized. Recent archaeology has found that the metal was not introduced so gradually and that this entailed significant social changes, such as developments in the type of habitation, long-distance trade, and copper metallurgy.
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The Laterza culture or Laterza-Cellino San Marco culture is an Eneolithic culture in Southern Italy. It takes its name from the tombs discovered in the locality of Laterza, near Taranto, and Cellino San Marco, near Brindisi, in Apulia. It developed in Apulia and Basilicata, and to a lesser extent of Central Italy in the 3rd millennium BC, around 2950-2350 BC. As with many of the cultures of the late prehistoric period, it is known essentially from the style of pottery recovered from archaeological digs. The culture was defined in 1967 by Francesco Biancofiore, following research in a necropolis of the same name situated to the north-west of the city of Taranto, in southern Apulia.
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