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Polysaccharides, or polycarbohydrates, are the most abundant carbohydrates found in food. They are long-chain polymeric carbohydrates composed of monosaccharide units bound together by glycosidic linkages. This carbohydrate can react with water (hydrolysis) using amylase enzymes as catalyst, which produces constituent sugars. They range in structure from linear to highly branched. Examples include storage polysaccharides such as starch, glycogen and galactogen and structural polysaccharides such as hemicellulose and chitin.
Xanthan gum is a polysaccharide with many industrial uses, including as a common food additive. It is an effective thickening agent and stabilizer that prevents ingredients from separating. It can be produced from simple sugars by fermentation and derives its name from the species of bacteria used, Xanthomonas campestris.
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6H
10O
5)
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Streptomyces candidus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil in Russia. Streptomyces candidus produces lemonomycin, enterocin, pyrazofurin and avoparcin.
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Paenarthrobacter nicotinovorans is a Gram-positive and aerobic bacterium species from the genus Paenarthrobacter. This bacterium has the ability to degrade atrazine, nicotine, and creatine. and produces nicotine dehydrogenase
Paenarthrobacter nitroguajacolicus is a bacterium species from the genus Paenarthrobacter which has been isolated from soil in the Czech Republic. Paenarthrobacter nitroguajacolicus has the ability to degrade 4-nitroguaiacol.
Arthrobacter pascens is a bacterium species from the genus of Arthrobacter which occurs in soil. Arthrobacter pascens produces arthrobactin, porphyrins and choline oxidase.
Arthrobacter psychrolactophilus is a psychrotrophic bacterium species from the genus Arthrobacter which has been isolated from soil in the United States. Arthrobacter psychrolactophilus produces amylase.
Arthrobacter ramosus is a bacterium species from the genus Arthrobacter which has been isolated from beech forest soil. Arthrobacter ramosus produces coproporphyrin III.
References
- 1 2 Gasdorf HJ, Benedict RG, Cadmus MC, Anderson RF, Jackson RW. (1965). "Polymer-Producing Species of Arthrobacter". J Bacteriol. 90: 147–150. doi: 10.1128/jb.90.1.147-150.1965 . PMC 315607 . PMID 16562010.
- 1 2 Flores-Félix JD, Ramírez-Bahena MH, Salazar S, Peix A, Velázquez E. (2017). "Reclassification of Arthrobacter viscosus as Rhizobium viscosum comb. nov". Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 67: 1789–1792. doi: 10.1099/ijsem.0.001864 . PMID 28598309.
- 1 2 LPSN lpsn.dsmz.de
- ↑ Straininfo of Arthrobacter viscosus
- ↑ ATCC
- ↑ Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen
- ↑ UniProt
- ↑ Jiří, Čejka; Naděžda, Žilková; Petr, Nachtigall (2005). Molecular sieves: From basic research to industrial applications; proceedings of the 3rd International Zeolite Symposium (3rd FEZA), Prague, Czech Republic, August 23-26, 2005 (1. ed.). Amsterdam [u.a.]: Elsevier. ISBN 978-0-444-52083-8.
- ↑ Jeanes, Allene; Knutson, C. A.; Pittsley, J. E.; Watson, P. R. (February 1965). "Extracellular polysaccharide produced from glucose by Arthrobacter viscosus NRRL B-1973: Chemical and physical characterization". Journal of Applied Polymer Science. 9 (2): 627–638. doi:10.1002/app.1965.070090223.
- ↑ Siddiqui, I.R. (June 1967). "An extracellular polysaccharide from Arthrobacter viscosus". Carbohydrate Research. 4 (4): 277–283. doi:10.1016/S0008-6215(00)80180-9.
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