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The RoboCup Standard Platform League (SPL) is one of several leagues within RoboCup, [1] an international competition with autonomous robotic soccer matches as the main event.
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The RoboCup Standard Platform League (SPL) is one of several leagues within RoboCup, [1] an international competition with autonomous robotic soccer matches as the main event.
In the Standard Platform League all teams use identical (i.e., standard) robots, [2] allowing the teams concentrate on software development rather than the mechanics of robots. [3] The robots operate fully autonomously; i.e., there is no remote control by either humans or computers during the games.
The League began as the Sony Four-Legged League in 1999 using the Sony AIBO. Initially a small number of teams were invited to join the league. In 2002, the league was opened and teams were allowed to apply through a qualification process. After Sony announced that it would discontinue production of the AIBO in 2006, the League searched for a new platform and decided on the Aldebaran Robotics humanoid NAO. In 2008, the League ran both AIBOs and Naos and was renamed the Standard Platform League. From 2009, only the Naos were used.
| Year (Robot) | Host | Final | Third Place Match | Number of Teams | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Winners | Score | Runners-up | Third Place | Score | Fourth Place | |||
| 1999 (AIBO) | Stockholm - Sweden | LRP  France | 4-1 | rUNSWift (UNSW Sydney)  Australia | CMPack  United States | |||
| 2000 (AIBO) | Melbourne - Australia | rUNSWift (UNSW Sydney) Australia | 10-0 | LRP France | CMPack United States | |||
| 2001 (AIBO) | Seattle - USA | rUNSWift (UNSW Sydney) Australia | 9-2 | CMPack United States | ||||
| 2002 (AIBO) | Fukuoka/Busan - Japan/Korea Archived 2005-08-14 at the Wayback Machine | CMPack United States | 3-3 (2-1) | rUNSWift (UNSW Sydney) Australia | NUbots Australia | |||
| 2003 (AIBO) | Padua - Italy | rUNSWift (UNSW Sydney) Australia | 4-3 | UPennalizers United States | NUbots Australia | 4-1 | CMPack United States | |
| 2004 (AIBO) | Lisbon - Portugal | GermanTeam  Germany | 5-3 | UTS Unleashed! Australia | NUbots Australia | 5-4 | UPennalizers United States | 23 |
| 2005 (AIBO) | Osaka - Japan | GermanTeam Germany | 4-3 (2-2) | NUbots Australia | rUNSWift (UNSW Sydney) Australia | 8-0 | CMDash United States | 24 |
| 2006 (AIBO) | Bremen - Germany | NUbots Australia | 7-3 | rUNSWift (UNSW Sydney) Australia | Microsoft Hellhounds Germany | 6-0 | GermanTeam Germany | 24 |
| 2007 (AIBO) | Atlanta - USA | Northern Bites United States | 5-1 | NUbots Australia | CMDash United States | 3-3 (6-5) | WrightEagle  China | 24 |
| 2008 (AIBO) | Suzhou - China Archived 2019-04-17 at the Wayback Machine | GermanTeam Germany | 5-0 | UTS-USTC WrightEagle Unleashed! China Australia | Northern Bites United States | 3-1 | UT Austin Villa United States | 10 |
| 2008 (Nao) | NUManoids Australia Ireland | 1-0 (0-0) | GTCMUnited United States | Kouretes  Greece | 1-0 (0-0) | Humboldt Germany | 15 | |
| 2009 (Nao) | Graz - Austria | B-Human, Germany | 5-0 | Northern Bites United States | Nao Devils Dortmund Germany | 4-1 | UT Austin Villa United States | 24 |
| 2010 (Nao) | Singapore | B-Human, Germany | 6-1 | rUNSWift (UNSW Sydney) Australia | UT Austin Villa United States | 5-1 | CMurfs United States | 23 |
| 2011 (Nao) | Istanbul - Turkey | B-Human, Germany | 11-1 | Nao Devils Dortmund Germany | NTU Robot PAL  Republic of China | 4-2 | Nao-Team HTWK Germany | 27 [5] |
| 2012 (Nao) | Mexico City - Mexico | UT Austin Villa United States | 4-2 | B-Human, Germany | rUNSWift (UNSW Sydney) Australia | 11-1 | Nao-Team HTWK Germany | 25 [6] |
| 2013 (Nao) | Eindhoven - The Netherlands | B-Human,
| 6-2 | Nao-Team HTWK, Germany | UT Austin Villa United States | 4-0 | rUNSWift (UNSW Sydney) Australia | 22 [7] |
| 2014 (Nao) | Joao Pessoa - Brazil | rUNSWift (UNSW Sydney) Australia | 5-1 | Nao-Team HTWK, Germany | B-Human, Germany | 7-0 | UChile  Chile | 20 [8] |
| 2015 (Nao) | Hefei, China | UNSW Sydney Australia | 3-1 | B-Human, Germany | Nao-Team HTWK, Germany | 3-1 | UChile Chile | 20 [9] |
| 2016 (Nao) | Leipzig, Germany | B-Human, Germany | 3-0 (0-0) | UT Austin Villa United States | Nao-Team HTWK, Germany | 4-1 | UChile Chile | 24 [10] |
| 2017 (Nao) | Nagoya, Japan | B-Human, Germany | 2-1 | Nao-Team HTWK, Germany | Nao Devils Dortmund Germany | 6-2 | UT Austin Villa United States | 24 [11] |
| 2018 (Nao) | Montreal, Canada | Nao-Team HTWK, Germany | 1-0 | B-Human, Germany | TJArk, China | 2-0 | HULKs Germany | 21 [12] |
| 2019 (Nao) | Sydney, Australia | B-Human, Germany | 2-1 | Nao-Team HTWK, Germany | rUNSWift (UNSW Sydney) Australia | 11-2 | Nao Devils Dortmund Germany | 20 [13] |
| Year (Robot) | Host | First | Second | Third |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1999 (AIBO) | Stockholm - Sweden | rUNSWift Australia | ||
| 2000 (AIBO) | Melbourne - Australia Archived 2009-04-28 at the Wayback Machine | rUNSWift Australia | ||
| 2001 (AIBO) | Seattle - USA | rUNSWift Australia | ||
| 2002 (AIBO) | Fukuoka/Busan Japan/Korea Archived 2005-08-14 at the Wayback Machine | rUNSWift Australia | ||
| 2003 (AIBO) | Padua - Italy | rUNSWift Australia | ||
| 2004 (AIBO) | Lisbon - Portugal | UTS Unleashed! Australia | ARAIBO  Japan | ASURA Japan |
| 2005 (AIBO) | Osaka - Japan | Cerberus  Turkey | NUBots Australia | ARAIBO Japan and GermanTeam |
| 2006 (AIBO) | Bremen - Germany | Microsoft Hellhounds Germany | ASURA Japan | Dutch AIBO Team  Netherlands |
| 2007 (AIBO) | Atlanta - USA | GermanTeam Germany | Jolly Pochie Japan | UT Austin Villa United States |
| 2008 (AIBO) | Suzhou - China Archived 2019-04-17 at the Wayback Machine | |||
| 2008 (Nao) | ||||
| 2009 (Nao) | Graz - Austria | B-Human Germany and Nao-Team HTWK Germany | Nao Devils Germany and Nao Team Humboldt Germany | |
| 2010 (Nao) | Singapore | rUNSWift Australia | UT Austin Villa United States | CMurfs United States |
| 2011 (Nao) | Istanbul - Turkey | RoboEireann Ireland | Noxious-Kouretes  United Kingdom and Greece | rUNSWift Australia |
| 2012 (Nao) | Mexico City - Mexico | Nao Team Humboldt Germany | rUNSWift Australia | B-Human Germany |
| 2013 (Nao) | Eindhoven - The Netherlands | B-Human Germany | Nao-Team HTWK Germany | Nao Devils Dortmund Germany and rUNSWift Australia |
| 2014 (Nao) | Joao Pessoa - Brazil | B-Human Germany | Austrian Kangaroos  Austria | HULKs Germany |
| 2015 (Nao) | Hefei, China | B-Human Germany | Nao Devils Germany | WrightOcean China |
| 2016 (Nao) | Leipzig, Germany | Nao Devils Germany | HULKs Germany | B-Human Germany |
| Year | Host | First | Second | Third | Best Drop-In Only Team |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2014 | Joao Pessoa - Brazil | B-Human Germany | Nao-Team HTWK Germany | Nao Devils Dortmund Germany | UnBeatables  Brazil |
| 2015 | Hefei, China | Nao-Team HTWK Germany | B-Human Germany | Nao Devils Dortmund Germany | UnBeatables Brazil |
| 2016 | Leipzig, Germany | B-Human Germany | Nao-Team HTWK Germany | UT Austin Villa United States | UnBeatables Brazil |
A group photo of all teams participating in RoboCup SPL 2014
A group photo of all teams participating in RoboCup SPL 2013
Robots on display for the Queen of The Netherlands at RoboCup 2013
A group photo of all teams participating in RoboCup SPL 2012
A group photo of all teams participating in RoboCup SPL 2011
A group photo of all teams participating in RoboCup SPL 2010
A group photo of all teams participating in RoboCup SPL 2009
| Year | Robots | Team size | Field Size | Walls | Beacons | Ball | Goals | Lighting |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1999 | AIBO ERS-110 | 3 | 180 cm × 280 cm | Yes | 6 | Orange | Blue & Yellow | Even & Bright |
| 2000 | AIBO ERS-110 | 3 | 180 cm × 280 cm | Yes | 6 | Orange | Blue & Yellow | Even & Bright |
| 2001 | AIBO ERS-210 | 3 | 180 cm × 280 cm | Yes | 6 | Orange | Blue & Yellow | Even & Bright |
| 2002 | AIBO ERS-210 | 4 | 270 cm × 420 cm | Yes | 6 | Orange | Blue & Yellow | Even & Bright |
| 2003 | AIBO ERS-210A SuperCore | 4 | 270 cm × 420 cm | Yes | 6 | Orange | Blue & Yellow | Even & Bright |
| 2004 | AIBO ERS-7 | 4 | 270 cm × 420 cm | Yes | 4 | Orange | Blue & Yellow | Even & Bright |
| 2005 | AIBO ERS-7 | 4 | 400 cm x 600 cm | No | 4 | Orange | Blue & Yellow | Even & Bright |
| 2006 | AIBO ERS-7 | 4 | 400 cm x 600 cm | No | 4 | Orange | Blue & Yellow | Even & Bright |
| 2007 | AIBO ERS-7 | 4 | 400 cm x 600 cm | No | 4 | Orange | Blue & Yellow | Even & Bright |
| 2008 | AIBO ERS-7 | 5 | 400 cm x 600 cm | No | 2 | Orange | Blue & Yellow | Even & Bright |
| 2008 | NAO V2 | 2 | 440 cm x 680 cm | No | 0 | Orange | Blue & Yellow | Even & Bright |
| 2009 | NAO V3 | 3 | 540 cm x 740 cm | No | 0 | Orange | Blue & Yellow | Even & Bright |
| 2010 | NAO V3 Plus | 3 | 540 cm x 740 cm | No | 0 | Orange | Blue & Yellow | Even & Bright |
| 2011 | Nao V3.3 | 4 | 540 cm x 740 cm | No | 0 | Orange | Blue & Yellow | Even & Bright |
| 2012 | Nao 4 | 4 | 540 cm x 740 cm | No | 0 | Orange | Yellow | Even & Bright |
| 2013 | Nao 4 | 5 | 600 cm x 900 cm | No | 0 | Orange | Yellow | Even & Bright |
| 2014 | Nao 4 or Nao 5 | 5 + Coach | 600 cm x 900 cm | No | 0 | Orange | Yellow | Even & Bright |
| 2015 | Nao 4 or Nao 5 | 5 + Coach | 600 cm x 900 cm | No | 0 | Orange | White | Even & Bright |
| 2016 | Nao 4 or Nao 5 | 5 + Coach | 600 cm x 900 cm | No | 0 | Black and White | White | Even & Bright |
| 2017 | Nao 4 or Nao 5 | 5 + Coach | 600 cm x 900 cm | No | 0 | Black and White | White | Natural elements |
| 2018 | Nao 4 or Nao 5 | 5 | 600 cm x 900 cm | No | 0 | Black and White | White | Natural elements |
| 2019 | Nao 6 or earlier | 5 | 600 cm x 900 cm | No | 0 | Black and White | White | Natural elements |
2008–present Aldebaran Robotics humanoid NAO robots. [16]
Control of the robots relies on several areas of robotics, including [17]
AIBO is a series of robotic dogs designed and manufactured by Sony. Sony announced a prototype Aibo in mid-1998, and the first consumer model was introduced on 11 May 1999. New models were released every year until 2006. Although most models were dogs, other inspirations included lion cubs, huskies, Jack Russell terriers, bull terrier, and space explorers. Only the ERS-7, ERS-110/111 and ERS-1000 versions were explicitly a "robotic dog", but the 210 can also be considered a dog due to its Jack Russell Terrier appearance and face. In 2006, AIBO was added into the Carnegie Mellon University Robot Hall of Fame.
RoboCup is an annual international robotics competition founded in 1996 by a group of university professors. The aim of the competition is to promote robotics and AI research by offering a publicly appealing – but formidable – challenge.
RoboCup Junior (RCJ), sometimes stylised RobocupJunior, is a division of RoboCup, a not-for-profit robotics organisation. It focuses on education and aims to introduce the larger goals of the RoboCup project to primary and secondary school aged children. Participants compete in one of three main leagues: Soccer, Rescue or Dance. Dance Theatre also exists as a sub-league of Dance, and Premier Rescue is part of the competition in Australia and New Zealand.
A robot competition is an event where the abilities and characteristics of robots may be tested and assessed. Usually they have to outperform other robots in order to win the competition. Many competitions are for schools but several competitions with professional and hobbyist participants also exist.
As one of the founding leagues of the international RoboCup initiative, the RoboCup Middle Size League (MSL) robot soccer competition has been organised from 1997 onwards. On an indoor soccer field, with goals of reduced size, teams of five fully autonomous soccer playing robots compete against one another. No human intervention is allowed during a match, except to take robots on or from the field. Although limitations with respect to maximum size and weight are in place, teams are completely free to design both hardware and software.
A soccer robot is a specialized autonomous robot and mobile robot that is used to play variants of soccer.
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Webots is a free and open-source 3D robot simulator used in industry, education and research.
Iranian teams have been active participants of RoboCup events since 1998. The number of Iranian teams has been largely increasing over the past years. Thereby, the need to have a regional event seemed rather necessary. Furthermore, since the overall number world interested teams in RoboCup has increased; regional events may and can be a proper field for RoboCup leagues Technical Committees to see teams qualities for RoboCup World Competitions. IranOpen is a place for teams willing to take part in RoboCup World Competitions in order to show their qualities and standards. It is also a place for fresh teams to gain experience and become ready to join the world teams.
Hiroaki Kitano is a Japanese scientist. He is the head of the Systems Biology Institute (SBI); Senior Executive Vice President and Chief Technology Officer of Sony Group Corporation, Chief Executive Officer of Sony Research Inc. and Sony Computer Science Laboratories, Inc.; a Group Director of the Laboratory for Disease Systems Modeling at and RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences; and a professor at Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology (OIST). Kitano is known for developing AIBO, and the robotic world cup tournament known as Robocup.
Nao is an autonomous, programmable humanoid robot formerly developed by Aldebaran Robotics, a French robotics company headquartered in Paris, which was acquired by SoftBank Group in 2015 and rebranded as SoftBank Robotics. The robot's development began with the launch of Project Nao in 2004. On 15 August 2007, Nao replaced Sony's robot dog Aibo as the robot used in the RoboCup Standard Platform League (SPL), an international robot soccer competition. The Nao was used in RoboCup 2008 and 2009, and the NaoV3R was chosen as the platform for the SPL at RoboCup 2010.
Genibo is a robotic dog produced by the Korean company Dasarobot of Dasatech.
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to robotics:
The RoboCup Rescue Robot League is an international competition for urban search and rescue robots, in which robots compete to find victims in a simulated earthquake environment. The rescue robot league is run alongside Robocup Rescue Simulation, as part of the RoboCup robot competition.
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The Marquette University Humanoid Engineering & Intelligent Robotics (HEIR) Lab was a robotics lab in Marquette University's College of Engineering.
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Jean-Christophe Baillie is a French scientist and entrepreneur. He founded the ENSTA ParisTech Robotics Lab where he worked on developmental robotics and computational evolutionary linguistics. While at ENSTA, he designed the urbiscript programming language to control robots, which became the base technology of Gostai, a robotics startup he created in 2006, which was acquired by Aldebaran Robotics in 2012.
NimbRo is the robot competition team of the Autonomous Intelligent Systems group of University of Bonn, Germany. It was founded in 2004 at the University of Freiburg, Germany.
The AIBO ERS-7 is an entertainment robot created for the commercial market. Initially released in 2003, it was the first AIBO installment to be explicitly referred to as a dog and saw adoption in both research and popular culture. It was the last robot developed before the dissolution of Sony's robotics division in 2006 and the eventual release of the ERS-1000 in 2018.
