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The RoboCup Standard Platform League (SPL) is one of several leagues within RoboCup, [1] an international competition with autonomous robotic soccer matches as the main event.
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The RoboCup Standard Platform League (SPL) is one of several leagues within RoboCup, [1] an international competition with autonomous robotic soccer matches as the main event.
In the Standard Platform League all teams use identical (i.e., standard) robots, [2] allowing the teams concentrate on software development rather than the mechanics of robots. [3] The robots operate fully autonomously; i.e., there is no remote control by either humans or computers during the games.
The League began as the Sony Four-Legged League in 1999 using the Sony AIBO. Initially a small number of teams were invited to join the league. In 2002, the league was opened and teams were allowed to apply through a qualification process. After Sony announced that it would discontinue production of the AIBO in 2006, the League searched for a new platform and decided on the Aldebaran Robotics humanoid NAO. In 2008, the League ran both AIBOs and Naos and was renamed the Standard Platform League. From 2009, only the Naos were used.
| Year (Robot) | Host | Final | Third Place Match | Number of Teams | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Winners | Score | Runners-up | Third Place | Score | Fourth Place | |||
| 1999 (AIBO) | Stockholm - Sweden | LRP  France | 4-1 | rUNSWift (UNSW Sydney)  Australia | CMPack  United States | |||
| 2000 (AIBO) | Melbourne - Australia | rUNSWift (UNSW Sydney) Australia | 10-0 | LRP France | CMPack United States | |||
| 2001 (AIBO) | Seattle - USA | rUNSWift (UNSW Sydney) Australia | 9-2 | CMPack United States | ||||
| 2002 (AIBO) | Fukuoka/Busan - Japan/Korea Archived 2005-08-14 at the Wayback Machine | CMPack United States | 3-3 (2-1) | rUNSWift (UNSW Sydney) Australia | NUbots Australia | |||
| 2003 (AIBO) | Padua - Italy | rUNSWift (UNSW Sydney) Australia | 4-3 | UPennalizers United States | NUbots Australia | 4-1 | CMPack United States | |
| 2004 (AIBO) | Lisbon - Portugal | GermanTeam  Germany | 5-3 | UTS Unleashed! Archived 2010-05-23 at the Wayback Machine Australia | NUbots Australia | 5-4 | UPennalizers United States | 23 |
| 2005 (AIBO) | Osaka - Japan | GermanTeam Germany | 4-3 (2-2) | NUbots Australia | rUNSWift (UNSW Sydney) Australia | 8-0 | CMDash United States | 24 |
| 2006 (AIBO) | Bremen - Germany | NUbots Australia | 7-3 | rUNSWift (UNSW Sydney) Australia | Microsoft Hellhounds Germany | 6-0 | GermanTeam Germany | 24 |
| 2007 (AIBO) | Atlanta - USA | Northern Bites United States | 5-1 | NUbots Australia | CMDash United States | 3-3 (6-5) | WrightEagle  China | 24 |
| 2008 (AIBO) | Suzhou - China Archived 2019-04-17 at the Wayback Machine | GermanTeam Germany | 5-0 | UTS-USTC WrightEagle Unleashed! China Australia | Northern Bites United States | 3-1 | UT Austin Villa United States | 10 |
| 2008 (Nao) | NUManoids Australia Ireland | 1-0 (0-0) | GTCMUnited United States | Kouretes  Greece | 1-0 (0-0) | Humboldt Germany | 15 | |
| 2009 (Nao) | Graz - Austria | B-Human, Germany | 5-0 | Northern Bites United States | Nao Devils Dortmund Germany | 4-1 | UT Austin Villa United States | 24 |
| 2010 (Nao) | Singapore | B-Human, Germany | 6-1 | rUNSWift (UNSW Sydney) Australia | UT Austin Villa United States | 5-1 | CMurfs United States | 23 |
| 2011 (Nao) | Istanbul - Turkey | B-Human, Germany | 11-1 | Nao Devils Dortmund Germany | NTU Robot PAL  Republic of China | 4-2 | Nao-Team HTWK Germany | 27 [5] |
| 2012 (Nao) | Mexico City - Mexico Archived 2011-09-24 at the Wayback Machine | UT Austin Villa United States | 4-2 | B-Human, Germany | rUNSWift (UNSW Sydney) Australia | 11-1 | Nao-Team HTWK Germany | 25 [6] |
| 2013 (Nao) | Eindhoven - The Netherlands | B-Human,
| 6-2 | Nao-Team HTWK, Germany | UT Austin Villa United States | 4-0 | rUNSWift (UNSW Sydney) Australia | 22 [7] |
| 2014 (Nao) | Joao Pessoa - Brazil | rUNSWift (UNSW Sydney) Australia | 5-1 | Nao-Team HTWK, Germany | B-Human, Germany | 7-0 | UChile  Chile | 20 [8] |
| 2015 (Nao) | Hefei, China | UNSW Sydney Australia | 3-1 | B-Human, Germany | Nao-Team HTWK, Germany | 3-1 | UChile Chile | 20 [9] |
| 2016 (Nao) | Leipzig, Germany | B-Human, Germany | 3-0 (0-0) | UT Austin Villa United States | Nao-Team HTWK, Germany | 4-1 | UChile Chile | 24 [10] |
| 2017 (Nao) | Nagoya, Japan | B-Human, Germany | 2-1 | Nao-Team HTWK, Germany | Nao Devils Dortmund Germany | 6-2 | UT Austin Villa United States | 24 [11] |
| 2018 (Nao) | Montreal, Canada | Nao-Team HTWK, Germany | 1-0 | B-Human, Germany | TJArk, China | 2-0 | HULKs Germany | 21 [12] |
| 2019 (Nao) | Sydney, Australia | B-Human, Germany | 2-1 | Nao-Team HTWK, Germany | rUNSWift (UNSW Sydney) Australia | 11-2 | Nao Devils Dortmund Germany | 20 [13] |
| Year (Robot) | Host | First | Second | Third |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1999 (AIBO) | Stockholm - Sweden | rUNSWift Australia | ||
| 2000 (AIBO) | Melbourne - Australia Archived 2009-04-28 at the Wayback Machine | rUNSWift Australia | ||
| 2001 (AIBO) | Seattle - USA | rUNSWift Australia | ||
| 2002 (AIBO) | Fukuoka/Busan Japan/Korea Archived 2005-08-14 at the Wayback Machine | rUNSWift Australia | ||
| 2003 (AIBO) | Padua - Italy | rUNSWift Australia | ||
| 2004 (AIBO) | Lisbon - Portugal | UTS Unleashed! Archived 2010-05-23 at the Wayback Machine Australia | ARAIBO  Japan | ASURA Japan |
| 2005 (AIBO) | Osaka - Japan | Cerberus  Turkey | NUBots Australia | ARAIBO Japan and GermanTeam |
| 2006 (AIBO) | Bremen - Germany | Microsoft Hellhounds Germany | ASURA Japan | Dutch AIBO Team  Netherlands |
| 2007 (AIBO) | Atlanta - USA | GermanTeam Germany | Jolly Pochie Japan | UT Austin Villa United States |
| 2008 (AIBO) | Suzhou - China Archived 2019-04-17 at the Wayback Machine | |||
| 2008 (Nao) | ||||
| 2009 (Nao) | Graz - Austria | B-Human Germany and Nao-Team HTWK Germany | Nao Devils Germany and Nao Team Humboldt Germany | |
| 2010 (Nao) | Singapore | rUNSWift Australia | UT Austin Villa United States | CMurfs United States |
| 2011 (Nao) | Istanbul - Turkey | RoboEireann Ireland | Noxious-Kouretes  United Kingdom and Greece | rUNSWift Australia |
| 2012 (Nao) | Mexico City - Mexico Archived 2011-09-24 at the Wayback Machine | Nao Team Humboldt Germany | rUNSWift Australia | B-Human Germany |
| 2013 (Nao) | Eindhoven - The Netherlands | B-Human Germany | Nao-Team HTWK Germany | Nao Devils Dortmund Germany and rUNSWift Australia |
| 2014 (Nao) | Joao Pessoa - Brazil | B-Human Germany | Austrian Kangaroos  Austria | HULKs Germany |
| 2015 (Nao) | Hefei, China | B-Human Germany | Nao Devils Germany | WrightOcean China |
| 2016 (Nao) | Leipzig, Germany | Nao Devils Germany | HULKs Germany | B-Human Germany |
| Year | Host | First | Second | Third | Best Drop-In Only Team |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2014 | Joao Pessoa - Brazil | B-Human Germany | Nao-Team HTWK Germany | Nao Devils Dortmund Germany | UnBeatables  Brazil |
| 2015 | Hefei, China | Nao-Team HTWK Germany | B-Human Germany | Nao Devils Dortmund Germany | UnBeatables Brazil |
| 2016 | Leipzig, Germany | B-Human Germany | Nao-Team HTWK Germany | UT Austin Villa United States | UnBeatables Brazil |
A group photo of all teams participating in RoboCup SPL 2014
A group photo of all teams participating in RoboCup SPL 2013
Robots on display for the Queen of The Netherlands at RoboCup 2013
A group photo of all teams participating in RoboCup SPL 2012
A group photo of all teams participating in RoboCup SPL 2011
A group photo of all teams participating in RoboCup SPL 2010
A group photo of all teams participating in RoboCup SPL 2009
| Year | Robots | Team size | Field Size | Walls | Beacons | Ball | Goals | Lighting |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1999 | AIBO ERS-110 | 3 | 180 cm × 280 cm | Yes | 6 | Orange | Blue & Yellow | Even & Bright |
| 2000 | AIBO ERS-110 | 3 | 180 cm × 280 cm | Yes | 6 | Orange | Blue & Yellow | Even & Bright |
| 2001 | AIBO ERS-210 | 3 | 180 cm × 280 cm | Yes | 6 | Orange | Blue & Yellow | Even & Bright |
| 2002 | AIBO ERS-210 | 4 | 270 cm × 420 cm | Yes | 6 | Orange | Blue & Yellow | Even & Bright |
| 2003 | AIBO ERS-210A SuperCore | 4 | 270 cm × 420 cm | Yes | 6 | Orange | Blue & Yellow | Even & Bright |
| 2004 | AIBO ERS-7 | 4 | 270 cm × 420 cm | Yes | 4 | Orange | Blue & Yellow | Even & Bright |
| 2005 | AIBO ERS-7 | 4 | 400 cm x 600 cm | No | 4 | Orange | Blue & Yellow | Even & Bright |
| 2006 | AIBO ERS-7 | 4 | 400 cm x 600 cm | No | 4 | Orange | Blue & Yellow | Even & Bright |
| 2007 | AIBO ERS-7 | 4 | 400 cm x 600 cm | No | 4 | Orange | Blue & Yellow | Even & Bright |
| 2008 | AIBO ERS-7 | 5 | 400 cm x 600 cm | No | 2 | Orange | Blue & Yellow | Even & Bright |
| 2008 | NAO V2 | 2 | 440 cm x 680 cm | No | 0 | Orange | Blue & Yellow | Even & Bright |
| 2009 | NAO V3 | 3 | 540 cm x 740 cm | No | 0 | Orange | Blue & Yellow | Even & Bright |
| 2010 | NAO V3 Plus | 3 | 540 cm x 740 cm | No | 0 | Orange | Blue & Yellow | Even & Bright |
| 2011 | Nao V3.3 | 4 | 540 cm x 740 cm | No | 0 | Orange | Blue & Yellow | Even & Bright |
| 2012 | Nao 4 | 4 | 540 cm x 740 cm | No | 0 | Orange | Yellow | Even & Bright |
| 2013 | Nao 4 | 5 | 600 cm x 900 cm | No | 0 | Orange | Yellow | Even & Bright |
| 2014 | Nao 4 or Nao 5 | 5 + Coach | 600 cm x 900 cm | No | 0 | Orange | Yellow | Even & Bright |
| 2015 | Nao 4 or Nao 5 | 5 + Coach | 600 cm x 900 cm | No | 0 | Orange | White | Even & Bright |
| 2016 | Nao 4 or Nao 5 | 5 + Coach | 600 cm x 900 cm | No | 0 | Black and White | White | Even & Bright |
| 2017 | Nao 4 or Nao 5 | 5 + Coach | 600 cm x 900 cm | No | 0 | Black and White | White | Natural elements |
| 2018 | Nao 4 or Nao 5 | 5 | 600 cm x 900 cm | No | 0 | Black and White | White | Natural elements |
| 2019 | Nao 6 or earlier | 5 | 600 cm x 900 cm | No | 0 | Black and White | White | Natural elements |
2008–present Aldebaran Robotics humanoid NAO robots. [16]
Control of the robots relies on several areas of robotics, including [17]
AIBO is a series of robotic dogs designed and manufactured by Sony. Sony announced a prototype Aibo in mid-1998, and the first consumer model was introduced on 11 May 1999. New models were released every year until 2006. Although most models were dogs, other inspirations included lion cubs and space explorers. Only the ERS-7, ERS-110/111 and ERS-1000 versions were explicitly a "robotic dog", but the 210 can also be considered a dog due to its Jack Russell Terrier appearance and face. In 2006, AIBO was added into the Carnegie Mellon University Robot Hall of Fame.
RoboCup is an annual international robotics competition founded in 1996 by a group of university professors. The aim of the competition is to promote robotics and AI research by offering a publicly appealing – but formidable – challenge.
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A soccer robot is a specialized autonomous robot and mobile robot that is used to play variants of soccer.
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Iranian teams have been active participants of RoboCup events since 1998. The number of Iranian teams has been largely increasing over the past years. Thereby, the need to have a regional event seemed rather necessary. Furthermore, since the overall number world interested teams in RoboCup has increased; regional events may and can be a proper field for RoboCup leagues Technical Committees to see teams qualities for RoboCup World Competitions. IranOpen is a place for teams willing to take part in RoboCup World Competitions in order to show their qualities and standards. It is also a place for fresh teams to gain experience and become ready to join the world teams.
Hiroaki Kitano is a Japanese scientist. He is the head of the Systems Biology Institute (SBI); Senior Executive Vice President and Chief Technology Officer of Sony Group Corporation, Chief Executive Officer of Sony Research Inc. and Sony Computer Science Laboratories, Inc.; a Group Director of the Laboratory for Disease Systems Modeling at and RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences; and a professor at Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology (OIST). Kitano is known for developing AIBO, and the robotic world cup tournament known as Robocup.
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Tomotaka Takahashi is a Japanese roboticist and founder of Kyoto University's ROBO-GARAGE since 2018. Takahashi creates humanoid robots known for their smooth, fluid motions and sleek appearance. Having built many humanoid robots entirely by himself, from simple concepts to production, Takahashi's designs have been featured in several art exhibitions celebrating the creation of Astroboy, Time Magazine's Coolest Inventions of 2004, and promotions for Bandai, Panasonic, and Pepsi. He has also worked with toy companies to produce relatively inexpensive robots for the hobby market, including those for Kyosho.
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The RoboCup Rescue Robot League is an international competition for urban search and rescue robots, in which robots compete to find victims in a simulated earthquake environment. The rescue robot league is run alongside Robocup Rescue Simulation, as part of the RoboCup robot competition.
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The Marquette University Humanoid Engineering & Intelligent Robotics (HEIR) Lab was a robotics lab in Marquette University's College of Engineering.
Peter Stone is an American computer scientist who holds the Truchard Foundation Chair of Computer Science at The University of Texas at Austin. He is also Chief Scientist of Sony AI, an Alfred P. Sloan Research Fellow, Guggenheim Fellow, AAAI Fellow, IEEE Fellow, AAAS Fellow, ACM Fellow, and Fulbright Scholar.
NimbRo is the robot competition team of the Autonomous Intelligent Systems group of University of Bonn, Germany. It was founded in 2004 at the University of Freiburg, Germany.
The AIBO ERS-7 is an entertainment robot created for the commercial market. Initially released in 2003, it was the first AIBO installment to be explicitly referred to as a dog and saw adoption in both research and popular culture. It was the last robot developed before the dissolution of Sony's robotics division in 2006 and the eventual release of the ERS-1000 in 2018.
