This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page . (Learn how and when to remove these messages)
|
Royal National Institute of Blind People | |
Formation | 16 October 1868 |
---|---|
Type | Registered charity |
Headquarters | 154a Pentonville Road, London N1 9JE |
Location | |
Coordinates | 51°31′54″N0°06′53″W / 51.5317°N 0.1148°W |
Region served | United Kingdom |
Chief Executive | Matt Stringer |
Key people | Anna Tylor (Chair) [1] |
Website | www |
Formerly called | British and Foreign Society for Improving the Embossed Literature of the Blind British and Foreign Blind Association National Institute for the Blind Royal National Institute for the Blind Royal National Institute of the Blind |
RNIB (formally, the Royal National Institute of Blind People and previously the Royal National Institute for the Blind) is a registered charity in the United Kingdom that offers practical and emotional support to blind and partially sighted people, their families and carers. [2] It is regarded as a leader in the field in supporting people in the UK who have vision loss. [3] RNIB also seeks to increase awareness of the day-to-day experiences of people who are blind or partially sighted and campaigns for UK society to become more accessible to them.
The Charity Commission for England and Wales investigated the charity from 2015 to 2019 and said that its failings which included medical errors and undocumented cases of physical restraint at its schools and residential facilities were some of the worst it had ever dealt with. [4] [5]
Anna Tylor has been RNIB's Chair since 2020. [1] Matt Stringer was appointed Chief Executive in 2019. [6]
King Charles III is the charity's Patron. [7] His mother, Queen Elizabeth II, was RNIB's Patron from the start of her reign in 1952 until her death in 2022. [8]
RNIB was first established on 16 October 1868 as the British and Foreign Society for Improving the Embossed Literature of the Blind. [9] The first meeting, which was held at 33 Cambridge Square, Hyde Park, London, involved founder Thomas Rhodes Armitage (a physician who was partially sighted) and Daniel Conolly, W W Fenn and Dr James Gale (all three of whom were blind). [9]
Later, the organisation became the British and Foreign Blind Association for Improving the Embossed Literature of the Blind and Promoting the Employment of the Blind – generally shortened to the British and Foreign Blind Association. [9]
In 1914, the organisation changed its name to The National Institute for the Blind, or NIB, to reflect its status as a national body involved in all aspects of the welfare of blind people. [10]
The organisation was officially renamed the Royal National Institute for the Blind in 1953, having received a Royal Charter in 1949. [11] In 2002, the organisation was renamed the Royal National Institute of the Blind ("of" rather than "for" blind people) when it became a membership organisation. [12] To coincide with the launch of the UK Vision Strategy in 2008, it was renamed the Royal National Institute of Blind People. [10]
In October 2008, RNIB and Action for Blind People agreed in principle to combine some services across England. The new arrangement began in April 2009, resulting in Action for Blind People becoming an associate charity of RNIB. [13] It merged with RNIB in 2017.
RNIB's remit has always included reading and writing (e.g. Braille), education and employment. [14] [15] From the 20th century, welfare/social support has been important. [16] [15] However, it was not till the late-1980s that eye health became a major focus. [15] Previously, eye health was seen as the sole prerogative of ophthalmologists and optometrists. [15]
In 1914, the organisation relocated to larger premises in Great Portland Street. [10] From 2000 until 2023, RNIB operated from premises on Judd Street, in Bloomsbury, London, which it shared with Guide Dogs. [17]
In 2023, The Duchess of Edinburgh opened the organisation's new headquarters in the Grimaldi Building on Pentonville Road, London, which has been adapted to cater for the needs of people who are blind, partially sighted or neurodiverse. [18] [19]
RNIB's helpline gives access to sight loss experts for questions and guidance. [20]
RNIB offers an extensive range of reading services. They include RNIB Bookshare – a free library of over one million items, which supports students and others in education with a vast collection of accessible textbooks and materials [21] – and Talking Books, [22] which offers thousands of audio books, both fiction and non-fiction. [23]
RNIB’s ECLO (Eye Care Liaison Officers) service aims to help patients understand the impact of a sight loss diagnosis and to direct them to appropriate sources of support. [24]
Since the 1950s, the children's fictional puppet character Sooty is an exclusive feature on the charity's collection boxes. [25]
RNIB campaigns to change behaviours and perceptions around sight loss. It has been involved with several large-scale campaigns including calls for action to create a safer and more inclusive public transport system. In 2023, the charity played a key role [26] [27] [28] in the campaign to scrap plans to close ticket offices in train stations. [29]
In 2022, the charity launched its largest-ever advertising campaign, See the person, not the sight loss, to raise awareness of sight loss and the support that people who have visual impairments might need. [30] [31] [32]
Along with other leading health charities, RNIB lobbied throughout 2023 for better disability support across the National Health Service (NHS). [33]
In 2015, the Charity Commission for England and Wales launched an inquiry into RNIB following serious allegations of systemic failings within the organisation [5] and allegations of "sexually abusive practice". [4] [34] The inquiry uncovered significant management, oversight, and staffing shortcomings that led to repeated incidents where young people in the charity's care were put at risk or harmed. [5] [35] Moreover, it revealed that staff and trustees at RNIB had been guilty of misconduct and mismanagement in several of its care facilities over several years, breaching their duty of care to beneficiaries. The Charity Commission described this investigation as one of the most severe cases of charity failure. [36] It highlighted that RNIB's corporate stewardship of services for children with complex needs fell far short of expectations [35] and that the charity's board had been focused on narrow regulatory compliance and dismissive of criticism from the regulatory organisations it was accountable to – the Care Quality Commission and Ofsted. [5] [37] [38]
The Charity Commission's report stated that the RNIB had failed to protect its beneficiaries from coming to harm. Moreover, serious safeguarding breaches had occurred within the charity due to systemic weaknesses and the absence of a centralised data-management system for its care settings. [38] [37] As part of the inquiry, the Charity Commission heard from multiple parties involved with the charity who attributed its failings to dysfunctional leadership and governance over many years. [38]
It also found that the RNIB Pears Centre for Specialist Learning, a residential school near Coventry, failed to ensure its staff had adequate training, made multiple administration errors, neglected to document incidents of physical restraint, lacked effective safeguarding procedures, and administered the wrong medication on numerous occasions. [35] The inquiry also found inadequate responses to complaints about unexplained injuries and improper management of medical care, possibly due to a reliance on unqualified and temporary staff.
In September 2018 RNIB announced that both the children's home and school would close in November 2018. [39]
Two of the charity's institutional creditors considered it to have defaulted on its credit agreement terms because of the Pears Centre's regulatory difficulties and Ofted's proposed cancellation of the establishment's registration. Therefore, its creditors declared that the organisation had to pay £21 million immediately. [5] Subsequently, RNIB sold all 18 of its care homes and schools to mitigate the financial crises and limit the impact on its reputation. [4]
The charity's former chief executive and four of its trustees resigned at the start of the inquiry. Five RNIB staff members were referred to the Disclosure and Barring Service after an audit uncovered 26 unreported serious incidents across the charity's facilities from March 2017 to April 2018. [4]
RNIB’s chief executive, Matt Stringer, apologised for the failings. [4] RNIB said that the Charity Commission's findings "represent a low point in our 152-year history" and claimed to have "turn[ed] the service around" in response to the inquiry and report. [40]
The National Library for the Blind (NLB) was a public library in the United Kingdom, founded 1882, which aimed to ensure that people with sight problems have the same access to library services as sighted people. NLB was taken over by the Royal National Institute of Blind People on 1 January 2007 and incorporated into the RNIB National Library Service.
Action for Blind People was a national sight loss charity in the United Kingdom, that provided help and support to blind and partially sighted people of all ages. In 2017 the organisation merged with the Royal National Institute of Blind People (RNIB) with which it had been in a partnership since 2009.
The Royal Mencap Society is a charity based in the United Kingdom that works with people with learning disabilities.
Thomas Rhodes Armitage was a British physician, and founder of the Royal National Institute of Blind People.
Blind Veterans UK, formerly St Dunstan's, is a large British charity, providing free support and services to vision-impaired ex-servicemen and women and National Service personnel. Blind Veterans UK is a registered charity in England and Scotland and operates throughout the United Kingdom. It has its head office in London and centres in Llandudno and Rustington.
The Guide Dogs for the Blind Association, known colloquially as Guide Dogs, is a British charitable organisation that uses guide dogs to help blind and partially blind people. The organisation also participates in political activism for the rights of those with vision impairments.
Sense College Loughborough (formerly RNIB College Loughborough) in Loughborough, England is a college for people with a wide range of disabilities, owned and operated by the national charity, Sense.
Exhall Grange School is a special school located in Ash Green just outside Coventry in Warwickshire, England. The school meets the needs of children and young people age from 2 to 19 years with physical disability, visual impairment, complex medical needs, and social, communication and interaction difficulties.
Ross Macfadyen is a Scottish media, broadcast and communications professional currently working in the charity sector.
Henshaws Society for Blind People is a specialist charity providing support, advice and training to anyone affected by sight loss and other disabilities.
RNIB Pears Centre for Specialist Learning, formerly Rushton Hall School, was a school and children’s home for young people who were blind or partially sighted and who also had multiple disabilities or complex needs such as severe or profound learning disabilities, physical disabilities, additional sensory impairment, healthcare needs and autistic spectrum disorders. The school was run by RNIB. It was based just outside Coventry. A Charity Commission report published in 2020 after a two-year investigation described a "catalogue of serious failings" at the school and said that "This is one of the worst examples we have uncovered of poor governance and oversight having a direct impact on vulnerable people".
Optical Express is a provider of ophthalmology services including laser eye surgery, cataract surgery and lens replacement surgery in the United Kingdom and Europe.
Warwickshire Vision Support is a registered charity in England providing rehabilitation services for adults with visual impairments to enable them to live independently.
Bradbury Fields is a charity based in Liverpool, UK, which works with blind and partially sighted people. It has been described by the BBC as "Liverpool's main charity for the blind" and is part of the 800 Group, a consortium of Merseyside health and care charities.
Blind in Business is a British charity that helps blind and partially sighted students into employment following graduation by providing a free training and employment service. The charity offers technical help and training courses for schoolchildren with a visual impairment, while also supporting graduates and potential employers with training and technical help. It was founded in 1992 by three visually impaired graduates in order to help others in the same situation. The founders – Neil Heslop, a business planning manager with Northern Telecom who had recently experienced sight loss, Simon Meredith, a blind solicitor with Slaughter and May and Richard Hanson, a partially sighted solicitor with Cameron Markby Hewitt – were surprised to discover as many as 80 percent of people with a visual impairment were unemployed at that time, with very few in work able to pursue a career. Blind in Business was established as a charitable trust with the backing of the Royal National Institute for the Blind and with several high-profile supporters serving as its trustees, including Bank of England associate director Pen Kent, Standard Chartered chairman Rodney Galpin and Conservative MP Emma Nicholson. The organisation's head offices are based in London, but Blind in Business operates on a United Kingdom wide basis.
Andrea Begley is a singer-songwriter from Pomeroy, Northern Ireland. She won the second series of the BBC singing competition show The Voice UK.
SeeAbility is a UK charity that provides support and campaigns for better eye care for people with learning disabilities, autism and sight loss. In 2017 it reported that 236 people were supported in facilities such as residential homes, supported living and activity and resource centres across the south of England. From 2013, SeeAbility launched its Children in Focus campaign, providing sight tests for children in special schools, after observing that many adults they worked with had not received good eye care when younger.
Sight Scotland is a Scottish Charity based in Edinburgh, Scotland founded in 1793. The charity provides care, education and employment for people of all ages who are blind or partially sighted. Sight Scotland provides the following services: Royal Blind School, Forward Vision, Scottish Braille Press and Kidscene. Sight Scotland’s sister charity is Sight Scotland Veterans.
VocalEyes is a registered charity in England that works with arts organisations across the United Kingdom to identify and remove barriers to access and inclusion for blind and partially sighted people. Established in 1998, its primary activity is to provide live audio descriptions of theatrical plays. The organisation has subsequently worked with museums, galleries and heritage venues to deliver audio descriptions for exhibitions, as well as conducting research and training to increase disability-access to the arts.
The 1920 blind march was a protest march from across the United Kingdom to London of 250 blind people. It was organised by the National League of the Blind (NLB) to protest poor working conditions and poverty experienced by blind people. In particular the NLB raised concerns over the conditions in workshops run to provide employment to the visually impaired by various charities. The marchers assembled at Newport, Manchester and Leeds on 5 April and marched to London, assembling at Trafalgar Square on 25 April. They were greeted by a crowd of 10,000 who listened to speeches from Herbert Morrison and trade union leaders. The march leaders met with prime minister David Lloyd George on 30 April, who made few promises apart from to pay for the marchers' rail tickets home. A subsequent Blind Persons Act 1920, the first disability-specific legislation in the world, compelled local authorities to ensure the welfare of blind persons and reduced the pension age for blind men. The march served as inspiration for the more famous 1936 Jarrow March against unemployment, in which the NLB also participated.