Rudolf Otto Neumann

Last updated May 01, 2019

Rudolf Otto Neumann (29 June 1868, Seifhennersdorf - April 5, 1952, Hamburg) was a German hygienist.

Seifhennersdorf is a town in the district Görlitz, in the Free State of Saxony, Germany. It is situated on the border with the Czech Republic, and the Czech towns of Rumburk and Varnsdorf lie across the border to the north-east and south of town.

Hamburg is the second-largest city in Germany with a population of over 1.8 million.

He studied pharmacy and medicine at the Universities of Greifswald, Leipzig, Erlangen and Würzburg, receiving his habilitation in 1902 at the University of Kiel. In 1904 he relocated to Hamburg, where he was appointed departmental head of the state hygienic institute. During the same year he was part of an expedition to Brazil in order to research yellow fever.

Pharmacy academic discipline studying preparation and dispensation of medicines

Pharmacy is the science and technique of preparing, dispensing, and review of drugs and providing additional clinical services. It is a health profession that links health sciences with pharmaceutical sciences and aims to ensure the safe, effective, and affordable use of drugs. The professional practice is becoming more clinically oriented as most of the drugs are now manufactured by pharmaceutical industries. Based on the setting, the pharmacy is classified as a community or institutional pharmacy. Providing direct patient care in the community of institutional pharmacies are considered clinical pharmacy.

Medicine The science and practice of the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of physical and mental illnesses

Medicine is the science and practice of establishing the diagnosis, prognosis, treatment, and prevention of disease. Medicine encompasses a variety of health care practices evolved to maintain and restore health by the prevention and treatment of illness. Contemporary medicine applies biomedical sciences, biomedical research, genetics, and medical technology to diagnose, treat, and prevent injury and disease, typically through pharmaceuticals or surgery, but also through therapies as diverse as psychotherapy, external splints and traction, medical devices, biologics, and ionizing radiation, amongst others.

The University of Greifswald is a public research university located in Greifswald, Germany, in the state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern.

From 1906 to 1910 he worked at the institute of hygiene at the University of Heidelberg, followed by a professorship in hygiene and bacteriology at the University of Giessen. In 1914 he was appointed director of the hygiene institute at the University of Bonn, and in 1922 succeeded William Philipps Dunbar (1853–1922) as director of the hygiene institute at the University of Hamburg. Neumann participated in many scientific trips during his career, including extended journeys to the Far East, the United States and Central America in 1928–1931.

Bacteriology is the branch and specialty of biology that studies the morphology, ecology, genetics and biochemistry of bacteria as well as many other aspects related to them. This subdivision of microbiology involves the identification, classification, and characterization of bacterial species. Because of the similarity of thinking and working with microorganisms other than bacteria, such as protozoa, fungi, and viruses, there has been a tendency for the field of bacteriology to extend as microbiology. The terms were formerly often used interchangeably. However, bacteriology can be classified as a distinct science.

University of Giessen German public university

University of Giessen, official name Justus Liebig University Giessen, is a large public research university in Giessen, Hesse, Germany. It is named after its most famous faculty member, Justus von Liebig, the founder of modern agricultural chemistry and inventor of artificial fertiliser. It covers the areas of arts/humanities, business, dentistry, economics, law, medicine, science, social sciences, and veterinary medicine. Its university hospital, which has two sites, Giessen and Marburg, is the only private university hospital in Germany.

University of Bonn public research university located in Bonn, Germany

The University of Bonn is a public research university located in Bonn, Germany. It was founded in its present form as the Rhein University on 18 October 1818 by Frederick William III, as the linear successor of the Kurkölnische Akademie Bonn which was founded in 1777. The University of Bonn offers a large number of undergraduate and graduate programs in a range of subjects and has 544 professors and 32,500 students. Its library holds more than five million volumes.

As a scientist his work embraced bacteriology, tropical pathology, parasitology, food hygiene and nutrition. In the field of nutrition physiology he is renowned for his experiments involving metabolism. In his studies of nutrition, he was particularly interested in the protein quantity intake requirements for humans.^[1]

Parasitology is the study of parasites, their hosts, and the relationship between them. As a biological discipline, the scope of parasitology is not determined by the organism or environment in question but by their way of life. This means it forms a synthesis of other disciplines, and draws on techniques from fields such as cell biology, bioinformatics, biochemistry, molecular biology, immunology, genetics, evolution and ecology.

Nutrition is the science that interprets the interaction of nutrients and other substances in food in relation to maintenance, growth, reproduction, health and disease of an organism. It includes food intake, absorption, assimilation, biosynthesis, catabolism, and excretion.

Metabolism The set of life-sustaining chemical transformations within the cells of organisms

Metabolism is the set of life-sustaining chemical reactions in organisms. The three main purposes of metabolism are: the conversion of food to energy to run cellular processes; the conversion of food/fuel to building blocks for proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and some carbohydrates; and the elimination of nitrogenous wastes. These enzyme-catalyzed reactions allow organisms to grow and reproduce, maintain their structures, and respond to their environments..

He was the author of over 125 scientific works, including books on bacteriology that he co-authored with Karl Bernhard Lehmann (1858–1940) that were later translated into English:

Karl Bernhard Lehmann was a German hygienist and bacteriologist born in Zurich. He was a brother to publisher Julius Friedrich Lehmann (1864–1935).

"Atlas and principles of bacteriology" (1897)
"Atlas and principles of bacteriology and text-book of special bacteriologic diagnosis" (1901)
"Bacteriology; especially determinative bacteriology" (1930–31).^[2]

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References

↑ Deutsche Biographie (biography of Rudolf Otto Neumann)
↑ WorldCat Identities (publications)

External links

Newspaper clippings about Rudolf Otto Neumann in the 20th Century Press Archives of the German National Library of Economics (ZBW)

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[1] Deutsche Biographie (biography of Rudolf Otto Neumann)

[2] WorldCat Identities (publications)