Russian occupation of Gotland

Last updated

Occupation of Gotland
Part of the Finnish War (Napoleonic Wars)
Karta ofver Gotland och Wisby - P A Save 1858.jpg
1858 map of Gotland
Date22 April – 18 May 1808
Location
Result Swedish victory
Territorial
changes
Russians leave Gotland
Belligerents
Naval Ensign of Sweden.svg Sweden Flag of Russia.svg Russian Empire
Commanders and leaders
Naval Ensign of Sweden.svg Rudolf Cederström
Naval Ensign of Sweden.svg Erik af Klint   White flag icon.svg
Flag of Russia.svg Nikolai Bodisko
Strength
2,000 1,800
9 merchant ships
Casualties and losses
1 dead 1,800 surrendered [note 1]

The Russian occupation of Gotland took place in April and May 1808, during the Finnish War between Sweden and Russia.

Contents

History

Russia had invaded Finland on 21 February 1808. An invasion force of nine Russian merchant ships left Liepāja and landed 22 April, after losing its course due to fog, at Slesviken in Grötlingbo on south Gotland with 1,800 men and six artillery guns under the command of Admiral Nikolai Andreevich Bodisko. After some initial confusion, beacons raised an invasion alarm which eventually reached the county governor, the retired marine officer Erik af Klint. Af Klint started organizing an armed force in Gotland following orders from Stockholm.

However, Gotland had no troops ready at the time of the invasion. Instead af Klint had to raise a peasant levy. The levy encountered the Russian expeditionary force at Klinte Church and Ajmunds bro  [ sv ]. Af Klint judged the military situation unfavorable and decided to surrender without a fight. On 23 April the surrender took place, without documents, at the Sandäskes inn in Sanda. The next day the Russian force marched into Visby and found quarters. Bodisko proclaimed himself governor of Gotland, but Swedish officials except for af Klint were allowed to remain.

The two Swedish ships of the line Tapperheten  [ sv ] and Manligheten were sent from Karlskrona and blockaded the harbor of Slite beginning 12 May, hampering the possibility of Russian reinforcements. A Swedish relief expedition under the command of Admiral Rudolf Cederström was dispatched from Karlskrona on 11 May with the ships of the line Konung Gustav IV Adolph  [ sv ], Vladislaff  [ sv ], Prins Fredrik Adolph and Äran , the frigate Bellona 5, the brigantines Svala and Disa and the yacht Fortuna. On board were soldiers from Småland commanded by the lieutenant-colonel of the Jönköping Regiment, Carl Johan Fleetwood  [ sv ] (1757–1834).

When news reached Visby that Swedish forces were on Gotland, the Russians capitulated. The Swedish force of over two thousand had by this time marched to Tule in Ganthem from Sandviken in Gammelgarn, where the Swedish fleet squadrons had arrived on 14 May. The Russians evacuated Visby on 17 May and left Gotland via Slite the next day.

Losses

The only loss associated with the Russian occupation was boatsman Carl Fredrik Lindgren (1777–1808), who fell to his death from the rigging of the flagship, Konung Gustav IV Adolph, at Sandviken. He was buried at Syssne udd  [ sv ].

Aftermath

Nikolai Bodisko was court-martialed and lost his commission (which he later regained).

In Sweden, the occupation led to the organization of national conscription, and Gotland National Conscription was the first unit raised in 1811.

See also

Notes

  1. The Russian force was allowed to leave Gotland on the condition that they would not fight Sweden within one year. [1]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Swedish Armed Forces</span> National military force of Sweden

The Swedish Armed Forces is the armed forces of the Kingdom of Sweden. It consists of four separate military branches, the Swedish Army, the Swedish Navy, the Swedish Air Force and the Home Guard.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Region Gotland</span> Municipality in Småland and the islands, Sweden

Region Gotland, officially Gotlands kommun, is a municipality that covers the entire island of Gotland in Sweden. The city of Visby is the municipality's seat. Gotland Municipality is the 39th most populous municipality in Sweden.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gotland</span> Island and historical province in Sweden

Gotland, also historically spelled Gottland or Gothland, is Sweden's largest island. It is also a province/county, municipality, and diocese. The province includes the islands of Fårö and Gotska Sandön to the north, as well as the Karlsö Islands to the west. The population is 61,023 (2024) of which about 23,600 live in Visby, the main town. Outside Visby, there are minor settlements and a mainly rural population. The island of Gotland and the other areas of the province of Gotland make up less than one percent of Sweden's total land area. The county formed by the archipelago is the second smallest by area and is the least populated in Sweden. In spite of the small size due to its narrow width, the driving distance between the furthermost points of the populated islands is about 170 kilometres (110 mi).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Swedish Army</span> Land branch of the Swedish Armed Forces

The Swedish Army is the land force of the Swedish Armed Forces of the Kingdom of Sweden in Northern Europe / Scandinavia. The army's history dates back to the Swedish War of Liberation in 1521.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fredrik Henrik af Chapman</span> Swedish shipbuilder

Fredrik Henrik af Chapman was a Swedish shipbuilder, scientist and officer in the Swedish navy. He was also manager of the Karlskrona shipyard 1782–1793. Chapman is credited as the world's first person to apply scientific methods to shipbuilding and is considered to be the first naval architect.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jonas Lidströmer</span>

Jonas Lidströmer (1755–1808) was a Swedish inventor and officer in the Swedish Navy. Lidströmer was born in 1755 at Lagfors bruk, Medelpad, and died 1808 in Stockholm. He was a colonel-mecanicus, head of the mechanical state of the Royal Swedish Navy, Royal Inventor and advisor to the king, Knight of the Order of Vasa and eventually knighted Lidströmer.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rudolf Cederström</span> Swedish naval commander

Olof Rudolf Cederström was a Swedish naval commander. Cederström enlisted in the Swedish admiralty in 1779 and as captain, he conducted a raid against Rogervik. He distinguished himself in 1790 at the naval Battle of Reval and the Battle of Viborg Bay. During the following years he led ships against privateers in the North Sea. He was sent in 1801 to fight alongside the United States Navy in the Mediterranean during the First Barbary War. In 1808 his ships were sent to blockade Gotland in order to repel a Russian invasion. His last military action was against Denmark and France in 1813, when he helped Swedish forces capture Vorpommern. In 1815, he was appointed a minister but returned to the navy in 1818. He finally resigned in 1828.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gotland Artillery Regiment</span> Military unit

The Gotland Artillery Regiment was a Swedish Army artillery regiment that was in active service between 1811 and 2000. The regiment was based in Visby as part of the Gotland Garrison.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kräklingbo</span> Place in Gotland, Sweden

Kräklingbo is a populated area, a socken, on the Swedish island of Gotland. It comprises the same area as the administrative Kräklingbo District, established on 1 January 2016.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mästerby</span> Place in Gotland, Sweden

Mästerby is a populated area, a socken or administrative parish, on the Swedish island of Gotland. It comprises the same area as the administrative Mästerby District, established on 1 January 2016.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lärbro Church</span> Church in Sweden

Lärbro Church is a medieval church in Lärbro on the Swedish island of Gotland. The church is located at a former strategically important spot, as testified by the adjacent fortified tower. The presently visible Gothic church replaced an earlier Romanesque church during the 13th and 14th century. The cemetery of the church contains several graves of victims from Nazi concentration camps who were taken to a field hospital in Lärbro during and after World War II.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Military on Gotland</span> Swedish military presence

The presence of the military on Gotland results from the Swedish island's strategic military importance in the Baltic Sea for most of the nation's history. Gotland has been fortified in stages since the 13th century.

Carl Bertil Myrsten was a Swedish director and ship-owner.

The Defence Act of 2000 was a defence act passed by the Swedish Riksdag on 30 March 2000, and the largest reorganisation of the Swedish Armed Forces since the Defence Act of 1925. The act was a continuation of the policies set in motion by the Defence Act of 1996: shifting the military's focus from the defence of Swedish territory to a more flexible "operational defence* for smaller-scale peacekeeping operations in foreign nations. Many military formations were disbanded as a result.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gotland Coastal Artillery Regiment</span> Military unit

The Gotland Coastal Artillery Regiment, designation KA 3, was a Swedish Navy coastal artillery regiment of the Swedish Armed Forces which operated between 1937 and 2000. The unit was based in Fårösund in Gotland.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Invasion of Gotland (1676)</span> Danish invasion of Gotland in 1676

The Invasion of Gotland was a Danish sea-borne invasion of the Swedish island of Gotland in the Baltic Sea, led by admiral Niels Juel during the Scanian War. The invasion took place from 28 April to 1 May 1676.

A War in Gotland or Invasion of Gotland may refer to:

The War in Gotland (1403–1404) was a conflict between the Kalmar Union and the Teutonic Order. The war was a failure for Margaret, and the island stayed in Teutonic hands until they eventually sold the island in 1407.

References

Sources