SATB

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SATB is an initialism that describes the scoring of compositions for choirs or consorts of instruments. The initials are for the voice types: S, soprano, A, alto, T, tenor and B, bass. It can also be used to describe a choir, collectively for SATB music.

Contents

Choral music

Four-part harmony using soprano, alto, tenor and bass is a common scoring in classical music, [1] [2] [3] [4] including chorales and most Bach cantatas. [5]

The letters of the abbreviation are also used by publishers to describe different scorings for soloists and choirs other than four-part harmony. For example, the listing "STB solos, SATB choir", of Bach's Wachet auf, ruft uns die Stimme, BWV 140, indicates that a performance needs three soloists: soprano, tenor and bass, and a four-part choir. [5] "SATB/SATB" is used when a double choir is required, as in Penderecki's Polish Requiem . [6] or SSATB, with divided sopranos, which is a typical scoring in English church music. [5] : 322  [7] A listing for Bach's Mass in B minor includes the maximum of SSATB soloists and SSAATTBB eight-part choir, and also indicates that it contains choral movements for SATB, SSATB, SSATBB and SATB/SATB, as well as arias for individual soloists, and duets for SS, ST and SA. [5] : 299 

Other letters of abbreviation, however with less consistency, have been used by publishers, such as "Tr" for treble (boy soprano), "Mz" for mezzo-soprano, [8] "Ba", "Bar" or "Bari" for baritone, "C" for both canto (the highest part) and contralto, and "Ct" for countertenor. [9] "SATB div." indicates that part are sometimes divided (divisi) during a piece, often sharing the same staff.

Moreover multiple parts can be assigned, first tenors, second basses, and so forth.

Notation

When soprano and alto are notated in one staff, all stems for soprano go up, and all for alto go down. Similarly, when tenor and bass are notated in one staff, the upper voice is marked by stems up, and both voices written in bass clef, while tenor is usually written in treble clef marked an octave down if it has its own staff. [10] [11] [12] [13]

"SATB-style"
voicestaffstem
soprano (S)treble clefup
alto (A)treble clefdown
tenor (T)bass clefup
bass (B)bass clefdown

The rules of voice leading apply to SATB notations. [11]

Instrumental music

In a broader sense, choirs of instruments can also be described by the abbreviation SATB, often for members of the same family of instruments, such as consorts of recorders, [14] viola da gamba, [15] saxophones [lower-alpha 1] [16] [17] and trombones. [18] The abbreviations are also a common way to describe which "voices" perform in instrumental compositions such as fugues, including Bach's The Art of Fugue and The Musical Offering , written without indication of specific instruments.

Notes

  1. ↑ SATB Saxophone quartets consists of a soprano, alto, tenor, and baritone saxophone.

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References

  1. ↑ SATB musiklexikon.info
  2. ↑ Choral collections – Choir SATB Carus-Verlag 2022
  3. ↑ Voces8 SATB / A Cappella Songbook thalia.de 2022
  4. ↑ Dai, Jiajie (12 April 2019). Modelling Intonation and Interaction in Vocal Ensembles. QMRO Home (Thesis). Retrieved 25 March 2022.
  5. 1 2 3 4 Shrock, Dennis: Choral Repertoire Oxford University Press , 2009, p. 298, ISBN   978-0-19-532778-6
  6. ↑ Polish Requiem Schott Music 2022
  7. ↑ Te Deum in D / By Henry Purcell alfred.com
  8. ↑ Requiem : For S Mz T B Soli, SATB Chorus, and Orchestra [Latin] / Ed. by Kurt Soldan. tfront.com 2022
  9. ↑ Arvo Pärt: Miserere Universal Edition 2022
  10. ↑ Dr. Barbara Murphy, University of Tennessee, School of Music
  11. 1 2 "Voice Leading". Music Theory for the 21st-Century Classroom. 4 August 2021. Retrieved 26 March 2022.
  12. ↑ "LilyPond Learning Manual: A.1.1 SATB template". LilyPond – Music notation for everyone. Retrieved 26 March 2022.
  13. ↑ "LilyPond Learning Manual: 3.4.2 Four-part SATB vocal score". LilyPond – Music notation for everyone. Retrieved 26 March 2022.
  14. ↑ The Schott Recorder Consort Anthology Schott Music 2022
  15. ↑ Viola da Gamba SATB sheetmusicplus.com 2022
  16. ↑ Saxophone Quartet saxpress.com 2022
  17. ↑ Ruedeman, Timothy J.; Lamneck, Esther. Lyric-form archetype and the early works for saxophone quartet, 1844—1928: An analytical and historical context for saxophone quartet performance. ISBN   978-1-109-20991-4. OCLC   768132112.
  18. ↑ Trombone Solo SATB Music sheetmusicplus.com 2022

Further reading

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