| SELENOW | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Identifiers | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Aliases | SELENOW , selW, SEPW1, selenoprotein W, 1, selenoprotein W | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| External IDs | OMIM: 603235 MGI: 1100878 HomoloGene: 2263 GeneCards: SELENOW | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Wikidata | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Selenoprotein W is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SEPW1 gene. [5] [6]
This gene encodes a selenoprotein, which contains a selenocysteine (Sec) residue at its active site. The selenocysteine is encoded by the UGA codon that normally signals translation termination. The 3' UTR of selenoprotein genes have a common stem-loop structure, the sec insertion sequence (SECIS), that is necessary for the recognition of UGA as a Sec codon rather than as a stop signal. This protein shows highest expression in skeletal muscle and heart, and may be involved in oxidation-reduction reactions. A retroprocessed pseudogene, SEPW1P, has been identified and mapped to chromosome 1p35-34. [6]
Selenocysteine is the 21st proteinogenic amino acid. Selenoproteins contain selenocysteine residues. Selenocysteine is an analogue of the more common cysteine with selenium in place of the sulfur.
In biology, the SECIS element is an RNA element around 60 nucleotides in length that adopts a stem-loop structure. This structural motif directs the cell to translate UGA codons as selenocysteines. SECIS elements are thus a fundamental aspect of messenger RNAs encoding selenoproteins, proteins that include one or more selenocysteine residues.
In molecular biology a selenoprotein is any protein that includes a selenocysteine amino acid residue. Among functionally characterized selenoproteins are five glutathione peroxidases (GPX) and three thioredoxin reductases, (TrxR/TXNRD) which both contain only one Sec. Selenoprotein P is the most common selenoprotein found in the plasma. It is unusual because in humans it contains 10 Sec residues, which are split into two domains, a longer N-terminal domain that contains 1 Sec, and a shorter C-terminal domain that contains 9 Sec. The longer N-terminal domain is likely an enzymatic domain, and the shorter C-terminal domain is likely a means of safely transporting the very reactive selenium atom throughout the body.
Thyroxine 5-deiodinase also known as type III iodothyronine deiodinase (EC number 1.21.99.3) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the DIO3 gene. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction
Glutathione peroxidase 1, also known as GPx1, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the GPX1 gene on chromosome 3. This gene encodes a member of the glutathione peroxidase family. Glutathione peroxidase functions in the detoxification of hydrogen peroxide, and is one of the most important antioxidant enzymes in humans.
Glutathione peroxidase 4, also known as GPX4, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the GPX4 gene. GPX4 is a phospholipid hydroperoxidase that protects cells against membrane lipid peroxidation.
Selenoprotein P is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SEPP1 gene.
Glutathione peroxidase 2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the GPX2 gene.
Selenoprotein S, also known as SELS, is a human gene.
Selenoprotein N is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SEPN1 gene.
SECIS-binding protein 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SECISBP2 gene.
15 kDa selenoprotein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SEP15 gene. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been found for this gene.
Sperm mitochondrial-associated cysteine-rich protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SMCP gene.
Methionine-R-sulfoxide reductase B1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the SEPX1 gene.
Thioredoxin reductase 1, cytoplasmic is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the TXNRD1 gene.
Type II iodothyronine deiodinase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the DIO2 gene.
Selenoprotein T, also known as SELT, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SELT gene.
Glutathione peroxidase 3 (GPx-3), also known as plasma glutathione peroxidase (GPx-P) or extracellular glutathione peroxidase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the GPX3 gene.
Glutathione peroxidase 6 (GPx-6) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the GPX6 gene.
Selenoprotein O is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SELENOO gene.
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