Apoptosis regulator BAX, also known as bcl-2-like protein 4, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BAX gene. BAX is a member of the Bcl-2 gene family. BCL2 family members form hetero- or homodimers and act as anti- or pro-apoptotic regulators that are involved in a wide variety of cellular activities. This protein forms a heterodimer with BCL2, and functions as an apoptotic activator. This protein is reported to interact with, and increase the opening of, the mitochondrial voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC), which leads to the loss in membrane potential and the release of cytochrome c. The expression of this gene is regulated by the tumor suppressor P53 and has been shown to be involved in P53-mediated apoptosis.
In molecular biology, BAR domains are highly conserved protein dimerisation domains that occur in many proteins involved in membrane dynamics in a cell. The BAR domain is banana-shaped and binds to membrane via its concave face. It is capable of sensing membrane curvature by binding preferentially to curved membranes. BAR domains are named after three proteins that they are found in: Bin, Amphiphysin and Rvs.
Amphiphysin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the AMPH gene.
Mitochondrial membrane transport proteins, also known as mitochondrial carrier proteins, are proteins which exist in the membranes of mitochondria. They serve to transport molecules and other factors, such as ions, into or out of the organelles. Mitochondria contain both an inner and outer membrane, separated by the inter-membrane space, or inner boundary membrane. The outer membrane is porous, whereas the inner membrane restricts the movement of all molecules. The two membranes also vary in membrane potential and pH. These factors play a role in the function of mitochondrial membrane transport proteins. There are 53 discovered human mitochondrial membrane transporters, with many others that are known to still need discovered.
Adapter molecule crk also known as proto-oncogene c-Crk is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CRK gene.
Phospholipase D1 (PLD1) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PLD1 gene, though analogues are found in plants, fungi, prokaryotes, and even viruses.
Myc box-dependent-interacting protein 1, also known as Bridging Integrator-1 and Amphiphysin-2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BIN1 gene.
SH3 domain-containing kinase-binding protein 1 is an adaptor protein that in humans is encoded by the SH3KBP1 gene.
Dynamin-2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DNM2 gene.
Dynamin-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DNM1 gene.
Endophilin-A1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SH3GL2 gene.
Disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 9 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ADAM9 gene.
Endophilin-A3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SH3GL3 gene.
Endophilin-A2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SH3GL1 gene.
Mitochondrial import receptor subunit TOM22 homolog is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TOMM22 gene.
SH3 domain-binding protein 5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SH3BP5 gene.
SH3-containing GRB2-like protein 3-interacting protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SGIP1 gene.
Mitochondrial carrier homolog 1 (MTCH1), also referred to as presenilin 1-associated protein (PSAP), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MTCH1 gene on chromosome 6. MTCH1 is a proapoptotic mitochondrial protein potentially involved in Alzheimer’s disease (AD).
DNA-directed RNA polymerase, mitochondrial is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the POLRMT gene.
Rubicon is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RUBCN gene. Rubicon is one of the few known negative regulators of autophagy, a cellular process that degrades unnecessary or damaged cellular components. Rubicon is recruited to its sites of action through interaction with the small GTPase Rab7, and impairs the autophagosome-lysosome fusion step of autophagy through inhibition of PI3KC3-C2.
