| SRARP | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Aliases | SRARP , ERRF, C1orf64, chromosome 1 open reading frame 64, steroid receptor associated and regulated protein | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| External IDs | MGI: 2685540 HomoloGene: 18717 GeneCards: SRARP | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Wikidata | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Steroid Receptor Associated and Regulated Protein (SRARP) in humans is a protein encoded by a gene of the same name with two exons that is located on chromosome 1p36.13. [5] [6] SRARP contains 169 amino acids and has a molecular weight of 17,657 Da. [7]
SRARP is co-expressed with the estrogen receptor (ER) and androgen receptor (AR) in breast cancer. [8] [9] In the ER-positive breast cancer cells, SRARP is involved in the transcriptional activities of ER and has shown an interaction with ER using the transient transfection of cells with SRARP and ER constructs. [10] [11] In addition, in AR+ breast cancer cells, SRARP interacts with the endogenous AR protein and acts as a transcriptional corepressor of AR. [9] Furthermore, the activation of either AR or ER negatively regulates SRARP expression in breast cancer cells. [9] [10]
SRARP and HSPB7 [12] are gene pairs that are positioned 5 kb apart on chromosome 1p36.13. [13] It is notable that the loss of chromosome 1p36.1 is common in malignancies, occurring in 34% of tumors [14] [15] SRARP and HSPB7 are broadly inactivated in malignancies by epigenetic silencing, copy-number loss, and less frequently by somatic mutations. [13] In addition, overexpression of SRARP or HSPB7 leads to tumor suppressor effects in cancer cell lines. [13] Another similar molecular feature between SRARP and HSPB7 is the fact that both of these proteins interact with the 14-3-3 protein. [9] [13] Furthermore, SRARP is a potential cancer biomarker and SRARP inactivation predicts poor clinical outcome in malignancies and adjacent normal tissues using the analysis of large genomic datasets [13]
| Approved Symbol | SRARP |
|---|---|
| Approved Name | Steroid Receptor Associated and Regulated Protein |
| HGNC ID | HGNC:28339 |
| Previous Symbol | C1orf64 |
| Alias Symbols | MGC24047, ERRF |
| Chromosome location | 1p36.13 |
| Ensembl | ENSG00000183888 |
| UniProt | Q8NEQ6 |
| NCBI Gene | 149563 |
| RefSeq | NM_178840 |
| UCSC | uc001axn.4 |
| Protein Sequence | SRARP Protein Sequence (Ensembl) |
| Wikidata | Q21105563 |
| PubMed | SRARP PubMed References |
Estrogen receptors (ERs) are a group of proteins found inside cells. They are receptors that are activated by the hormone estrogen (17β-estradiol). Two classes of ER exist: nuclear estrogen receptors, which are members of the nuclear receptor family of intracellular receptors, and membrane estrogen receptors (mERs), which are mostly G protein-coupled receptors. This article refers to the former (ER).
The progesterone receptor (PR), also known as NR3C3 or nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group C, member 3, is a protein found inside cells. It is activated by the steroid hormone progesterone.
Proline-, glutamic acid- and leucine-rich protein 1 (PELP1) also known as modulator of non-genomic activity of estrogen receptor (MNAR) and transcription factor HMX3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PELP1 gene. is a transcriptional corepressor for nuclear receptors such as glucocorticoid receptors and a coactivator for estrogen receptors.
Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα), also known as NR3A1, is one of two main types of estrogen receptor, a nuclear receptor that is activated by the sex hormone estrogen. In humans, ERα is encoded by the gene ESR1.
The nuclear receptor coactivator 3 also known as NCOA3 is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the NCOA3 gene. NCOA3 is also frequently called 'amplified in breast 1' (AIB1), steroid receptor coactivator-3 (SRC-3), or thyroid hormone receptor activator molecule 1 (TRAM-1).
Cyclin D1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CCND1 gene.
G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER), also known as G protein-coupled receptor 30 (GPR30), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GPER gene. GPER binds to and is activated by the female sex hormone estradiol and is responsible for some of the rapid effects that estradiol has on cells.
GATA3 is a transcription factor that in humans is encoded by the GATA3 gene. Studies in animal models and humans indicate that it controls the expression of a wide range of biologically and clinically important genes.
Prohibitin, also known as PHB, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PHB gene. The Phb gene has also been described in animals, fungi, plants, and unicellular eukaryotes. Prohibitins are divided in two classes, termed Type-I and Type-II prohibitins, based on their similarity to yeast PHB1 and PHB2, respectively. Each organism has at least one copy of each type of prohibitin gene.
Steroid receptor RNA activator 1 also known as steroid receptor RNA activator protein (SRAP) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SRA1 gene. The mRNA transcribed from the SRA1 gene is a component of the ribonucleoprotein complex containing NCOA1. This functional RNA also encodes a protein.
Dachshund homolog 1, also known as DACH1, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the DACH1 gene. DACH1 has been shown to interact with Ubc9, Smad4, and NCoR.
Protein UXT also known as androgen receptor trapped clone 27 (ART-27) protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the UXT gene.
Anterior gradient protein 2 homolog (AGR-2), also known as secreted cement gland protein XAG-2 homolog, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the AGR2 gene. Anterior gradient homolog 2 was originally discovered in Xenopus laevis. In Xenopus AGR2 plays a role in cement gland differentiation, but in human cancer cell lines high levels of AGR2 correlate with downregulation of the p53 response, cell migration, and cell transformation. However, there have been other observations that AGR2 can repress growth and proliferation.
Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase gamma is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PTPRG gene.
Dolichyl-diphosphooligosaccharide—protein glycosyltransferase subunit 2, also called ribophorin ǁ is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the RPN2 gene.
Metastasis-associated protein MTA3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MTA3 gene. MTA3 protein localizes in the nucleus as well as in other cellular compartments MTA3 is a component of the nucleosome remodeling and deacetylate (NuRD) complex and participates in gene expression. The expression pattern of MTA3 is opposite to that of MTA1 and MTA2 during mammary gland tumorigenesis. However, MTA3 is also overexpressed in a variety of human cancers.
Breast carcinoma amplified sequence 3, also known as BCAS3, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the BCAS3 gene. BCAS3 is a gene that is amplified and overexpressed in breast cancer cells.
In molecular biology mir-22 microRNA is a short RNA molecule. MicroRNAs are an abundant class of molecules, approximately 22 nucleotides in length, which can post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression by binding to the 3' UTR of mRNAs expressed in a cell.
Heat Shock Protein Family B (small) member 7 (HSPB7) in humans is a protein encoded by a gene of the same name with four exons that is located on chromosome 1p36.13.,. HSPB7 contains 170 amino acids and has a molecular weight of 18,611Da. HSPB7 is a member of human small heat shock protein (HSPB) family, which contains eleven family members of chaperone proteins. HSPB7 and its gene pair SRARP are located 5 kb apart on the opposite strands of chromosome 1p36.13.
Endocrine therapy is a common treatment for estrogen receptor positive breast cancer. However, resistance to this therapy can develop, leading to relapse and progression of disease. This highlights the need for new strategies to combat this resistance.
