SSX4 (gene)

SSX4
Identifiers
Aliases	SSX4 , CT5.4, synovial sarcoma, X breakpoint 4, SSX family member 4
External IDs	OMIM: 300326 MGI: 2446771 HomoloGene: 133052 GeneCards: SSX4
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	X chromosome (human)
End	48,393,347 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	X chromosome (mouse)
End	8,327,965 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	thoracic aorta; ; ascending aorta; ; spleen; ; uterine tube; ; human musculoskeletal system; ; muscle; ; muscle of leg; ; gastrocnemius muscle; ; left ventricle;
	Top expressed in
	spermatid; ; testicle; ; spermatocyte; ; superior frontal gyrus; ; ovary; ; cerebellar cortex; ; lens;
	More reference expression data
	n/a
Gene ontology
Molecular function	transcription corepressor activity ; nucleic acid binding ;
Cellular component	intracellular anatomical structure ; nucleus ;
Biological process	negative regulation of nucleic acid-templated transcription ; regulation of transcription, DNA-templated ; transcription, DNA-templated ;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	6759
	387132
	ENSG00000268009
	ENSMUSG00000023165
	O60224
	n/a
	NM_175729 ; NM_005636
	NM_001001450 ; NM_001134226
	NP_005627 ; NP_783856
	n/a
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

Last updated December 30, 2023

Protein SSX4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SSX4 gene.^[5]

The product of this gene belongs to the family of highly homologous synovial sarcoma, X (SSX) breakpoint proteins. These proteins may function as transcriptional repressors. They are also capable of eliciting spontaneously humoral and cellular immune responses in cancer patients, and are potentially useful targets in cancer vaccine-based immunotherapy. SSX1, SSX2 and SSX4 genes have been involved in the t(X;18) chromosomal translocation characteristically found in all synovial sarcomas. This translocation results in the fusion of the synovial sarcoma translocation gene on chromosome 18 to one of the SSX genes on chromosome X. Chromosome Xp11 contains a segmental duplication resulting in two identical copies of synovial sarcoma, X breakpoint 4, SSX4 and SSX4B, in tail-to-tail orientation. This gene, SSX4, represents the more telomeric copy. Two transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been identified for this gene.^[5]

Related Research Articles

A synovial sarcoma is a rare form of cancer which occurs primarily in the extremities of the arms or legs, often in proximity to joint capsules and tendon sheaths. It is a type of soft-tissue sarcoma.

A fusion gene is a hybrid gene formed from two previously independent genes. It can occur as a result of translocation, interstitial deletion, or chromosomal inversion. Fusion genes have been found to be prevalent in all main types of human neoplasia. The identification of these fusion genes play a prominent role in being a diagnostic and prognostic marker.

Ectopic is a word used with a prefix, ecto, meaning “out of place.” Ectopic expression is an abnormal gene expression in a cell type, tissue type, or developmental stage in which the gene is not usually expressed. The term ectopic expression is predominantly used in studies using metazoans, especially in Drosophila melanogaster for research purposes.

The breakpoint cluster region protein (BCR) also known as renal carcinoma antigen NY-REN-26 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BCR gene. BCR is one of the two genes in the BCR-ABL fusion protein, which is associated with the Philadelphia chromosome. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.

Friend leukemia integration 1 transcription factor (FLI1), also known as transcription factor ERGB, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FLI1 gene, which is a proto-oncogene.

Cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ATF1 gene.

RNA-binding protein EWS is a protein that in humans is encoded by the EWSR1 gene on human chromosome 22, specifically 22q12.2. It is one of 3 proteins in the FET protein family.

Probable global transcription activator SNF2L2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SMARCA2 gene.

ERG is an oncogene. ERG is a member of the ETS family of transcription factors. The ERG gene encodes for a protein, also called ERG, that functions as a transcriptional regulator. Genes in the ETS family regulate embryonic development, cell proliferation, differentiation, angiogenesis, inflammation, and apoptosis.

AT-rich interactive domain-containing protein 1A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ARID1A gene.

Protein SSX2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SSX2 gene.

Protein SSXT is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SS18 gene.

Lipoma-preferred partner is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LPP gene.

Nuclear protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NUPR1 gene.

Protein SSX1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SSX1 gene.

Protein AF-10 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MLLT10 gene.

SS18-like protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SS18L1 gene.

Protein SSX5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SSX5 gene.

Synovial sarcoma, X breakpoint (SSX) refers to a group of genes rearranged in synovial sarcoma.

SSX family member 6, pseudogene is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SSX6 gene.

References

1 2 3 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000268009 - Ensembl, May 2017
1 2 3 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000023165 - Ensembl, May 2017
↑ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
↑ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
1 2 "Entrez Gene: SSX4 synovial sarcoma, X breakpoint 4".

dos Santos NR, de Bruijn DR, van Kessel AG (2001). "Molecular mechanisms underlying human synovial sarcoma development". Genes Chromosomes Cancer. 30 (1): 1–14. doi:10.1002/1098-2264(2000)9999:9999<::AID-GCC1056>3.0.CO;2-G. PMID 11107170. S2CID 24403558.
Gure AO, Türeci O, Sahin U, et al. (1997). "SSX: a multigene family with several members transcribed in normal testis and human cancer". Int. J. Cancer. 72 (6): 965–71. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-0215(19970917)72:6<965::AID-IJC8>3.0.CO;2-N. PMID 9378559. S2CID 21203036.
Skytting B, Nilsson G, Brodin B, et al. (1999). "A novel fusion gene, SYT-SSX4, in synovial sarcoma". J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 91 (11): 974–5. doi: 10.1093/jnci/91.11.974 . PMID 10359553.
Chen CH, Chen GJ, Lee HS, et al. (2001). "Expressions of cancer-testis antigens in human hepatocellular carcinomas". Cancer Lett. 164 (2): 189–95. doi:10.1016/S0304-3835(01)00379-2. PMID 11179834.
Brodin B, Haslam K, Yang K, et al. (2001). "Cloning and characterization of spliced fusion transcript variants of synovial sarcoma: SYT/SSX4, SYT/SSX4v, and SYT/SSX2v. Possible regulatory role of the fusion gene product in wild type SYT expression". Gene. 268 (1–2): 173–82. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(01)00412-7. PMID 11368913.
Panagopoulos I, Mertens F, Isaksson M, et al. (2001). "Clinical impact of molecular and cytogenetic findings in synovial sarcoma". Genes Chromosomes Cancer. 31 (4): 362–72. doi:10.1002/gcc.1155. PMID 11433527. S2CID 41111894.
de Bruijn DR, dos Santos NR, Kater-Baats E, et al. (2002). "The cancer-related protein SSX2 interacts with the human homologue of a Ras-like GTPase interactor, RAB3IP, and a novel nuclear protein, SSX2IP". Genes Chromosomes Cancer. 34 (3): 285–98. doi:10.1002/gcc.10073. PMID 12007189. S2CID 11734893.
Yang K, Lui WO, Xie Y, et al. (2002). "Co-existence of SYT-SSX1 and SYT-SSX2 fusions in synovial sarcomas". Oncogene. 21 (26): 4181–90. doi: 10.1038/sj.onc.1205569 . PMID 12037676.
Güre AO, Wei IJ, Old LJ, Chen YT (2002). "The SSX gene family: characterization of 9 complete genes". Int. J. Cancer. 101 (5): 448–53. doi: 10.1002/ijc.10634 . PMID 12216073. S2CID 21174312.
Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. Bibcode:2002PNAS...9916899M. doi: 10.1073/pnas.242603899 . PMC 139241 . PMID 12477932.
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, et al. (2004). "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)". Genome Res. 14 (10B): 2121–7. doi:10.1101/gr.2596504. PMC 528928 . PMID 15489334.
Ross MT, Grafham DV, Coffey AJ, et al. (2005). "The DNA sequence of the human X chromosome". Nature. 434 (7031): 325–37. Bibcode:2005Natur.434..325R. doi:10.1038/nature03440. PMC 2665286 . PMID 15772651.
Ayyoub M, Merlo A, Hesdorffer CS, et al. (2005). "CD4+ T cell responses to SSX-4 in melanoma patients". J. Immunol. 174 (8): 5092–9. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.174.8.5092 . PMID 15814740.
Rual JF, Venkatesan K, Hao T, et al. (2005). "Towards a proteome-scale map of the human protein-protein interaction network". Nature. 437 (7062): 1173–8. Bibcode:2005Natur.437.1173R. doi:10.1038/nature04209. PMID 16189514. S2CID 4427026.

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[refGRCh38Ensembl-1] 1 2 3 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000268009 - Ensembl, May 2017

[refGRCm38Ensembl-2] 1 2 3 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000023165 - Ensembl, May 2017

[3] "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[4] "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[entrez-5] 1 2 "Entrez Gene: SSX4 synovial sarcoma, X breakpoint 4".

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SSX4 (gene)

Related Research Articles

References

Further reading