SS Jan Pieterszoon Coen

Last updated
COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM S.S. 'Jan Pieterszoon Coen' gemeerd aan de handelssteiger te Sabang op het eiland We Noord-Sumatra TMnr 10007920.jpg
Jan Pieterszoon Coen in Sabang, about 1935
History
Flag of the Netherlands.svgNetherlands
NameJan Pieterszoon Coen
Namesake Jan Pieterszoon Coen
Owner SM 'Nederland'
Port of registry Amsterdam
RouteAmsterdam – Batavia
Ordered27 December 1912
Builder Nederlandsche Scheepsbouw Mij, Amsterdam
Cost3,720,423 guilders
Yard number130
Laid down14 October 1913
Launched30 September 1914
Completed17 June 1915
Acquired17 June 1915
Maiden voyage11 September 1915
In service11 September 1915
Out of service14 May 1940
Identification
FateScuttled in 1940; scrapped in 1945 & 1968
General characteristics
Type Passenger ship
Tonnage11,693  GRT, 7,107  NRT, 6,950  DWT
Displacement15,600 tons
Length
Beam60.5 ft (18.4 m)
Draft26 ft 3 in (8.00 m)
Depth35.8 ft (10.9 m) molded to shelter deck
Decks7, 3 full length, and a shelter deck
Installed power1,364 NHP, 7,400 ihp
Propulsion
Speed15 kn (28 km/h)
Capacity
  • Passengers, as built: 202 × 1st Class, 129 × 2nd Class, 46 × 3rd Class, 42 × Steerage
  • Cargo: 350,000 cu ft (9,900 m3) grain; 300,000 cu ft (8,500 m3) bale
Crew161
Sensors and
processing systems

SS Jan Pieterszoon Coen was a Dutch passenger steamship that was launched in 1914. She was named after a former Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies. During the German invasion of the Netherlands in May 1940 she was scuttled as a blockship in the port of IJmuiden, North Holland to prevent the Kriegsmarine from using the port. [1]

Contents

Building

Stoomvaart Maatschappij Nederland ordered the ship on 27 December 1912. She was laid down on 14 October 1913 at the Nederlandsche Scheepsbouw Maatschappij shipyard in Amsterdam, Netherlands. Christened by Miss Cornelia Anna Clasina den Tex, the ship was launched on 30 September 1914. She was completed and acquired on 17 June 1915 making her maiden voyage on 11 September 1915. [2]

The ship's lengths were 522.5 feet (159.26 m) long overall [3] and 503.2 ft (153.4 m) registered. Her beam was 60.5 ft (18.4 m) and her depth was 35.8 ft (10.9 m), molded to her shelter deck. [4] Her tonnages were 11,693  GRT, 7,107  NRT [4] and 6,950  DWT, [5] and 12,600 tons displacement.[ citation needed ] The ship had seven decks, three continuous the full length of the ship, with a shelter deck. Eight watertight bulkheads divided the ship into nine watertight compartments with ten watertight doors capable of being closed remotely from the bridge.

Eight single ended forced draft Scotch boilers with two furnaces each provided steam for two three-cylinder triple expansion steam engines driving twin screw propellers. The combined power of the twin engines was rated at 1,364 NHP [4] or 7,400 ihp. [5] Boilers and engines were manufactured by Nederlandsche Fabrik van Werktuigen and SpoorwegMaterieel, Amsterdam. [3] [4] The ship was electrically lit throughout with some electrical auxiliaries including one steering engine, another being steam driven as were the cargo working winches. [3]

As built, the ship had accommodation for 202 first class passengers in 107 cabins and four suites, 128 second class passengers in 49 cabins, 46 third class passengers in 16 cabins and 42 fourth class passengers. First class passengers had access to a deck saloon, a verandah cafe, smoking room, nursery, gymnasium, photographic dark room and a 138-seat dining saloon. The crew was 161. [3]

Navigation and safety equipment included wireless telegraphy and submarine signals [note 1] and fourteen lifeboats, two powered, enough for all persons aboard. [3] By 1918 her wireless call sign was PFL. [6] By 1930 she also had wireless direction finding. [7] By 1934 the four-letter call sign PEZP had superseded both her code letters and her three-letter call sign. [8]

The ship was named after Governor-General Jan Pieterszoon Coen (1587-1629) Jan Pieterszoon Coen by Jacob Waben.jpg
The ship was named after Governor-General Jan Pieterszoon Coen (1587–1629)

Early career

Sea trials

After being completed in June 1915, Jan Pieterszoon Coen became the new flagship of the Stoomvaart Maatschappij Nederland, and was also the largest ship ever to be built in the Netherlands at the time. She completed her sea trials in IJmuiden in June 1915 with several passengers aboard, including the company's president J.B.A Jonckheer, four ministers with their spouses, the Mayor of Amsterdam with his spouse and two law enforcers. There were also a high number of officials, important business relation officials and the supervisory boards and the boards of shipyard and shipping company of the SMN. [9]

The ship's Master at the time was Captain H.G.J Uylkens who led the ship to open seas together with the tugboat Cycloop van Zurmülen. The ship sailed South past Zandvoort, Katwijk, Noordwijk and Scheveningen. During lunch however, a submarine was spotted by the guests and crew. Everyone became worried at first, but it was soon clear that it was a Dutch submarine that was given orders to guide Jan Pieterszoon Coen back to IJmuiden. The ship completed her sea trials and arrived back in IJmuiden without incident. [9]

Active service

Jan Pieterszoon Coen docked in Batavia, about 1937 COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM 'S.S. Jan Pieterszoon Coen' in Tandjoengpriok de haven van Batavia Java TMnr 10007953.jpg
Jan Pieterszoon Coen docked in Batavia, about 1937

On 11 September 1915 at 3pm, Jan Pieterszoon Coen left Amsterdam, Netherlands for her maiden voyage to Batavia, Dutch East Indies. She sailed through the Mediterranean Sea and the Suez Canal to reach her destination. [9]

Jan Pieterszoon Coen left Amsterdam for Batavia again on 1 Januari 1916, but this time she would sail around Cape of Good Hope and Cape Town to reach Batavia. She arrived on 17 February 1916 before returning to the Netherlands, where she arrived on 6 May. After the war, the ship would continue to sail the Amsterdam – Batavia route. [9]

Later service and end

Jan Pieterszoon Coen left Batavia for the last time on 28 June 1939 and was stationed in Amsterdam on 29 July 1939 where she was waiting to be scrapped. However, due to the outbreak of the Second World War, the ship was needed again and she made two short voyages to Lisbon, Portugal, in order to retrieve passengers from the MS Oranje. [5]

When the German Army invaded the Netherlands in May 1940, the Royal Netherlands Navy made a plan which involved scuttling Jan Pieterszoon Coen at the entrance of the port of IJmuiden in order to prevent German warships entering the harbor. The plan was set in motion in the night of 14 May 1940, Captain R. van Rees Vellinga sailed Jan Pieterszoon Coen from Amsterdam to IJmuiden. Once there, the ship was supposed to be escorted to the harbor entrance by two tugboats, but they were accidentally sunk too early. As a solution to the problem, The Royal Netherlands Navy ordered the tugboat Atjeh and a minesweeper to tow the ship into place. The tugboat and minesweeper towed the ship into place with much difficulty due to the tide change. The ship was positioned with the bow to the Southern pier and the stern to the Northern pier of the port entrance. The explosives which were previously installed on the ship were detonated and the ship sank between the piers. Her upper decks were still sticking out of the water due to the shallow depths. The plan was successful and the ship prohibited German ships to enter the harbor, the Netherlands however surrendered to the Axis powers and was occupied by Nazi-Germany. [1]

Modern day view of the port entrance of IJmuiden, the piers are clearly visible on the left IJmuiden-4.59E-52.47N.jpg
Modern day view of the port entrance of IJmuiden, the piers are clearly visible on the left

Wreck

The German Army emptied the ship of movable property during 1940, they could do this because the ship was mostly above water. Rijkswaterstaat was thinking of salvaging Jan Pieterszoon Coen, since the ship was mostly intact and in shallow waters. But due to a series of storms, the ship sank deeper into the sand. In 1941, a 50-meter portion of the stern was removed so largeships could use the harbor again. [10]

During the remainder of the war, Jan Pieterszoon Coen sank deeper into the sea and her upper decks were severely damaged and deteriorated by the strong waves that constantly pounded her. The funnels and some decks had also collapsed during this period. After the war in May and June 1945, the Royal Netherlands Navy with help from the Royal Navy, destroyed what was left of the ship with depth charges. However, a lot of debris was left in the entrance and the Dutch government was forced to clean up the debris from the bottom of the sea in 1968 so that larger ships could use the harbor. [10]

Footnotes

  1. Lloyd's Register notes the presence of submarine signal equipment with the abbreviation "sub. sig." under the ship's name. An early description of the system is given at "How Underwater Signals Operate" (The Marine Review, February 1920).

Related Research Articles

TSMS <i>Lakonia</i> Dutch-built ocean liner that caught fire and sank in 1963

TSMS Lakonia was an ocean liner that was launched in 1929 for Netherland Line as the ocean liner Johan van Oldenbarnevelt. In 1962 she became the Greek Line cruise ship TSMS Lakonia. On 22 December 1963 she caught fire at sea and on 29 December she sank. 128 people were killed in the disaster.

Tango Maru German-built cargo motor ship that was sunk in WW2

Tango Maru (丹後丸) was a cargo motor ship that was built in Germany in 1926 and sunk off the coast of Bali in 1944. She was launched as Rendsburg for the Deutsch-Australische Dampfschiffs-Gesellschaft (DADG), which in 1926 merged with Hamburg-Amerikanische Packetfahrt-Actien-Gesellschaft (HAPAG).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Netherland Line</span> Transport company in Netherlands

Stoomvaart Maatschappij Nederland or SMN, also known as the Netherland Line or Nederland Line, was a Dutch shipping line that operated from 1870 until 1970, when it merged with several other companies to form what would become Royal Nedlloyd.

Nedlloyd was a Dutch shipping company, formed in 1970 as the result of a merger of several shipping lines:

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Koninklijke Paketvaart-Maatschappij</span> Former shipping company based in the Dutch East Indies

Koninklijke Paketvaart-Maatschappij, was a Dutch shipping line in the Dutch East Indies, now Indonesia. It traded form 1888 to 1966. It was the dominant inter-island shipping line in the Dutch East Indies in the last half-century of the colonial era.

SS <i>s Jacob</i> Dutch passenger steamship that was built in 1907 and sunk in 1943

SS 's Jacob was a passenger steamship that was launched in the Netherlands in 1907 and sunk by enemy action off New Guinea in 1943. She spent most of her career with Koninklijke Paketvaart-Maatschappij, based in the Dutch East Indies.

USS <i>Zeelandia</i> Dutch-owned ocean liner that was a US Navy troopship in 1918 and 1919

USS Zeelandia was an ocean liner that was built in Scotland in 1910 and scrapped in the Netherlands in 1936. She was the largest ship in the Koninklijke Hollandsche Lloyd (KHL) fleet from 1910 until the liners Gelria and Tubantia were completed in 1913 and 1914. She was USS Zeelandia from April 1918 until October 1919, when she was a United States Navy troopship.

MS <i>Pieter Corneliszoon Hooft</i> Dutch ocean liner (1925–1932)

Pieter Corneliszoon Hooft was a Dutch ocean liner built in 1925. An onboard fire destroyed her passenger accommodation before she was completed. In 1932, another fire damaged her so severely that she was sold for scrapping, only to catch fire again before she was scrapped.

SS <i>Slamat</i>

SS Slamat was a Dutch ocean liner of the Rotterdam-based Koninklijke Rotterdamsche Lloyd line. Although she was a turbine steamship, she tended not to be referred to as "TSS". She was built in Vlissingen in the Netherlands in 1924 for liner service between Rotterdam and the Dutch East Indies. In 1940 she was converted into a troop ship. In 1941 she was sunk with great loss of life in the Battle of Greece.

SS <i>Nieuw Amsterdam</i> (1905) Oceanliner

SS Nieuw Amsterdam was a steam ocean liner that was launched in Ireland in 1905, completed in 1906 and scrapped in Japan in 1932. Holland America Line owned and operated her throughout her career.

SS <i>Van Heemskerk</i> Dutch passenger steamship that was built in 1909 and sunk in 1943

SS Van Heemskerk was a passenger steamship that was launched in the Netherlands in 1909 and sunk by enemy action off New Guinea in 1943. She spent most of her career with Koninklijke Paketvaart-Maatschappij, based in the Dutch East Indies.

MS <i>Christiaan Huygens</i> Dutch ocean liner

Christiaan Huygens was a Dutch ocean liner that was built in 1927 by the Nederlandsche Scheepsbouw Maatschappij for the Stoomvaart Maatschappij Nederland (SMN). She was employed on the Amsterdam – Batavia route until the outbreak of the Second World War. Requisitioned as a troopship, she was employed in the Mediterranean Sea and Indian Ocean. Surviving the end of the war in Europe, she struck a mine in the Scheldt on 26 August 1945 and was beached. She broke in two on 5 September and was declared a total loss.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fijenoord</span> Shipbuilding and machine factory in Rotterdam

Fijenoord was a shipbuilding company and machine factory in Rotterdam the Netherlands from 1823 to 1929. In 1929 it merged with Wilton to become Wilton-Fijenoord.

SS <i>Rotterdam</i> (1908) Dutch passenger ship

SS Rotterdam was a steam ocean liner that was launched and completed in Ireland in 1908, and scrapped in the Netherlands in 1940. Holland America Line (HAL) owned and operated her throughout her career. She was the fourth of seven HAL ships to have been named after the Dutch city of Rotterdam. Until Statendam entered service in 1929, Rotterdam was the largest and swiftest ship in the company's fleet, and was the company's flagship.

SS <i>Demosthenes</i> (1911)

SS Demosthenes was a UK steam ocean liner and refrigerated cargo ship. She was launched in 1911 in Ireland for Aberdeen Line and scrapped in 1931 in England. In the First World War she was an Allied troop ship.

SS <i>Statendam</i> (1924) Steam turbine ocean liner of the Holland America Line

SS Statendam was a steam turbine transatlantic liner. She was the third of five Holland America Line ships to be called Statendam. She was built to replace the second Statendam, which the UK Government had requisitioned as a troop ship in 1915, and which had been sunk in 1918.

SS <i>Costa Rica</i> Dutch passenger steamship that was a troopship in both world wars

SS Costa Rica was a Dutch passenger steamship. She was built in 1910 as Prinses Juliana for Stoomvaart Maatschappij Nederland, which ran scheduled passenger and mail services between Amsterdam and Java.

SS <i>Koningin der Nederlanden</i> Dutch passenger steamship that was a US troopship in the First World War

SS Koningin der Nederlanden was a Dutch passenger steamship. She was built in 1911 for Stoomvaart Maatschappij Nederland, which ran scheduled passenger and mail services between Amsterdam and Java.

SS <i>Aquileia</i> Dutch-built ocean liner that became a troopship and hospital ship, and blockship

SS Aquileia was a Dutch-built steamship that was launched in 1913 as the ocean liner and mail ship Prins der Nederlanden for Netherland Line. She ran scheduled services between Amsterdam and the Dutch East Indies until 1930, when she was laid up.

SS <i>Har Zion</i> Steamship built in Denmark in 1907 and sunk by a U-boat in 1940

SS Har Zion was a passenger and cargo steamship that was built in Denmark in 1907 as St. Jan for Det Østasiatiske Kompagni. In 1913 Koninklijke Nederlandse Stoomboot-Maatschappij bought her and renamed her Nickerie. In 1933 Ignazio Messina & Co bought her and renamed her Risveglio. In 1935 Palestine Maritime Lloyd bought her and renamed her Har Zion.

References

  1. 1 2 "3e Conradstraat 1894". werfmuseum.nl. 2011. Retrieved 15 May 2016.
  2. "SS Jan Pieterszoon Coen (+1940)". wrecksite.eu. 11 March 2010. Retrieved 15 May 2016.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 Coleman, Fredrick C. (April 1916). "New Dutch Passenger and Mail Steamship". International Marine Engineering. 11 (4): 181–183. Retrieved 9 January 2019.
  4. 1 2 3 4 Lloyd's Register of Shipping. Vol. II.–Steamers. London: Lloyd's Register of Shipping. 1917. JAM–JAP via Internet Archive.
  5. 1 2 3 "Jan Pieterszoon Coen – ID 3141". Stichting Maritiem-Historische Databank (in Dutch). Retrieved 30 June 2023.
  6. The Marconi Press Agency Ltd (1918). The Year Book of Wireless Telegraphy and Telephony. London: The Wireless Press, Ltd. p. 722.
  7. Lloyd's Register of Shipping (PDF). Vol. II.–Steamers and Motorships of 300 Tons Gross and Over. London: Lloyd's Register of Shipping. 1930. JAM–JAN via Southampton City Council.
  8. Lloyd's Register of Shipping (PDF). Vol. II.–Steamers and Motorships of 300 Tons Gross and Over. London: Lloyd's Register of Shipping. 1934. JAN–JAP via Southampton City Council.
  9. 1 2 3 4 "SS Jan Pieterszoon Coen PDKB-PFL-PEZP 17 juni 1915 – 14 mei 1940". stoomvaartmaatschappijnederland.nl. 1915-01-10. Retrieved 15 May 2016.
  10. 1 2 "Nederlandse niet-gemilitariseerde hulpschepen: zinkschepen". TracesOfWar.com. 2002. Retrieved 15 May 2016.