STX10

STX10
Available structures
PDB	Human UniProt search: PDBe RCSB
List of PDB id codes
	4DND
Identifiers
Aliases	STX10 , SYN10, hsyn10, syntaxin 10
External IDs	OMIM: 603765 HomoloGene: 84379 GeneCards: STX10
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 19 (human)
End	13,150,383 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	monocyte; ; stromal cell of endometrium; ; blood; ; canal of the cervix; ; right lung; ; body of stomach; ; skin of abdomen; ; upper lobe of left lung; ; spleen; ; right lobe of thyroid gland;
	n/a
	More reference expression data
	n/a
Gene ontology
Molecular function	SNAP receptor activity ; syntaxin binding ; protein binding ; SNARE binding ;
Cellular component	integral component of membrane ; perinuclear region of cytoplasm ; vesicle ; Golgi membrane ; trans-Golgi network ; Golgi apparatus ; SNARE complex ; membrane ; trans-Golgi network membrane ; cytosol ; synaptic vesicle ; endomembrane system ; integral component of synaptic vesicle membrane ; intracellular anatomical structure ;
Biological process	early endosome to Golgi transport ; protein transport ; vesicle docking ; intracellular protein transport ; vesicle fusion ; retrograde transport, endosome to Golgi ; Golgi vesicle transport ; vesicle-mediated transport ; regulation of protein localization ; membrane fusion ;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	8677
	n/a
	ENSG00000104915
	n/a
	O60499
	n/a
	NM_001271609 ; NM_001271610 ; NM_001271611 ; NM_003765
	n/a
	NP_001258538 ; NP_001258539 ; NP_001258540 ; NP_003756
	n/a
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human

Last updated December 12, 2023

Syntaxin-10 (STX10) is a SNARE protein that is encoded by the STX10 gene.^[3] This protein is found in most vertebrates (including humans) but is noticeably absent from mice.^[4]^[5] As with other SNARE proteins, STX10 facilitates vesicle fusion and thus is important for intracellular trafficking of proteins and other cellular components. More specifically, STX10 has been implicated in endosome to Golgi trafficking of the mannose 6-phosphate receptor ^[4] and glucose transporter type 4.^[5]

Structure and function

Human STX10 is a 249 amino acid protein that has three N-terminal α-helices and a single SNARE domain followed by a single-pass transmembrane domain. Human STX10 is 60% identical to human STX6.^[3]

STX10 is structurally classified as a Qc-SNARE (contributes a glutamine (Q) residue in the formation of the assembled core SNARE complex) and is functionally classified as a t-SNARE (or target-SNARE which is often located in the membranes of target compartments).^[6]

Interactions

STX10 is known to interact with the t-SNAREs VTI1A and STX16 ^[7] and with the v-SNAREs VAMP3 ^[4] and VAMP4.^[7] The SNARE complex of STX10, STX16, VTI1A, and VAMP3 are required for late endosome to Golgi trafficking of the mannose 6-phosphate receptor.^[4] Early endosome to Golgi trafficking of Shiga toxin requires the SNARE complex of STX6, STX16, VTI1A, and VAMP3 or VAMP4.^[8]

Thus, STX10 distinguishes early endosome to Golgi trafficking from late endosome to Golgi trafficking.^[4]

Related Research Articles

Endosomes are a collection of intracellular sorting organelles in eukaryotic cells. They are parts of endocytic membrane transport pathway originating from the trans Golgi network. Molecules or ligands internalized from the plasma membrane can follow this pathway all the way to lysosomes for degradation or can be recycled back to the cell membrane in the endocytic cycle. Molecules are also transported to endosomes from the trans Golgi network and either continue to lysosomes or recycle back to the Golgi apparatus.

Retromer is a complex of proteins that has been shown to be important in recycling transmembrane receptors from endosomes to the trans-Golgi network (TGN) and directly back to the plasma membrane. Mutations in retromer and its associated proteins have been linked to Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases.

The mannose 6-phosphate receptors (MPRs) are transmembrane glycoproteins that target enzymes to lysosomes in vertebrates.

Syntaxin 11, also known as STX11, is a human gene that is a member of the t-SNARE family.

Synaptosomal-associated protein 23 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SNAP23 gene. Two alternative transcript variants encoding different protein isoforms have been described for this gene.

ADP-ribosylation factor-binding protein GGA3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GGA3 gene.

ADP-ribosylation factor-binding protein GGA2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GGA2 gene.

Mannose-6-phosphate receptor binding protein 1 (M6PRBP1) is a protein which in humans is encoded by the M6PRBP1 gene. Its gene product, as well as the gene itself, is commonly known as TIP47.

Syntaxin-6 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the STX6 gene.

N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor Attachment Protein Alpha, also known as SNAP-α, is a SNAP protein that is involved in the intra-cellular trafficking and fusing of vesicles to target membranes in cells.

Vesicle-associated membrane protein 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the VAMP3 gene.

Syntaxin-5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the STX5 gene.

Synaptobrevin homolog YKT6 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the YKT6 gene.

Syntaxin-12 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the STX12 gene.

Golgi SNAP receptor complex member 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GOSR1 gene.

Vesicle-associated membrane protein 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the VAMP4 gene.

BET1 homolog is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BET1 gene.

Syntaxin-16 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the STX16 gene.

Golgi SNAP receptor complex member 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GOSR2 gene.

Vesicle transport through interaction with t-SNAREs homolog 1A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the VTI1A gene.

References

1 2 3 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000104915 - Ensembl, May 2017
↑ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
1 2 3 Tang BL, Low DY, Tan AE, Hong W (January 1998). "Syntaxin 10: a member of the syntaxin family localized to the trans-Golgi network". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 242 (2): 345–50. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1997.7966. PMID 9446797.
1 2 3 4 5 Ganley IG, Espinosa E, Pfeffer SR (January 2008). "A syntaxin 10-SNARE complex distinguishes two distinct transport routes from endosomes to the trans-Golgi in human cells" (PDF). The Journal of Cell Biology. 180 (1): 159–72. doi:10.1083/jcb.200707136. PMC 2213607 . PMID 18195106.
1 2 Esk C, Chen CY, Johannes L, Brodsky FM (January 2010). "The clathrin heavy chain isoform CHC22 functions in a novel endosomal sorting step". The Journal of Cell Biology. 188 (1): 131–44. doi:10.1083/jcb.200908057. PMC 2812854 . PMID 20065094.
↑ Hong W (July 2005). "SNAREs and traffic". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Cell Research. 1744 (3): 493–517. doi: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2005.03.014 . PMID 16038056.
1 2 Wang Y, Tai G, Lu L, Johannes L, Hong W, Tang BL (Jul–Aug 2005). "Trans-Golgi network syntaxin 10 functions distinctly from syntaxins 6 and 16". Molecular Membrane Biology. 22 (4): 313–25. doi: 10.1080/09687860500143829 . PMID 16154903. S2CID 25014829.
↑ Mallard F, Tang BL, Galli T, Tenza D, Saint-Pol A, Yue X, Antony C, Hong W, Goud B, Johannes L (February 2002). "Early/recycling endosomes-to-TGN transport involves two SNARE complexes and a Rab6 isoform". The Journal of Cell Biology. 156 (4): 653–64. doi:10.1083/jcb.200110081. PMC 2174079 . PMID 11839770.

External links

PDBe-KB provides an overview of all the structure information available in the PDB for Human Syntaxin-10 (STX10)

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[refGRCh38Ensembl-1] 1 2 3 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000104915 - Ensembl, May 2017

[2] "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Tang_1998-3] 1 2 3 Tang BL, Low DY, Tan AE, Hong W (January 1998). "Syntaxin 10: a member of the syntaxin family localized to the trans-Golgi network". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 242 (2): 345–50. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1997.7966. PMID 9446797.

[Ganley_2008-4] 1 2 3 4 5 Ganley IG, Espinosa E, Pfeffer SR (January 2008). "A syntaxin 10-SNARE complex distinguishes two distinct transport routes from endosomes to the trans-Golgi in human cells" (PDF). The Journal of Cell Biology. 180 (1): 159–72. doi:10.1083/jcb.200707136. PMC 2213607 . PMID 18195106.

[Esk_2010-5] 1 2 Esk C, Chen CY, Johannes L, Brodsky FM (January 2010). "The clathrin heavy chain isoform CHC22 functions in a novel endosomal sorting step". The Journal of Cell Biology. 188 (1): 131–44. doi:10.1083/jcb.200908057. PMC 2812854 . PMID 20065094.

[Hong_2005-6] Hong W (July 2005). "SNAREs and traffic". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Cell Research. 1744 (3): 493–517. doi: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2005.03.014 . PMID 16038056.

[Wang_2005-7] 1 2 Wang Y, Tai G, Lu L, Johannes L, Hong W, Tang BL (Jul–Aug 2005). "Trans-Golgi network syntaxin 10 functions distinctly from syntaxins 6 and 16". Molecular Membrane Biology. 22 (4): 313–25. doi: 10.1080/09687860500143829 . PMID 16154903. S2CID 25014829.

[Mallard_2002-8] Mallard F, Tang BL, Galli T, Tenza D, Saint-Pol A, Yue X, Antony C, Hong W, Goud B, Johannes L (February 2002). "Early/recycling endosomes-to-TGN transport involves two SNARE complexes and a Rab6 isoform". The Journal of Cell Biology. 156 (4): 653–64. doi:10.1083/jcb.200110081. PMC 2174079 . PMID 11839770.

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