Salt Lake Tabernacle organ

Last updated
Salt Lake Tabernacle Organ
TabernacleOrgan2.jpg
Background information
Origin Salt Lake City, Utah, U.S.
Genres Worship, classical
Years active1867;156 years ago (1867)
to present
LabelsThe Tabernacle Choir at Temple Square
Website www.thetabernaclechoir.org/about/organs/organ-information/tabernacle.html

The Salt Lake Tabernacle organ is a pipe organ located in the Salt Lake Tabernacle in Salt Lake City, Utah. [1] Along with the nearby Conference Center organ, it is typically used to accompany the Tabernacle Choir at Temple Square and is also featured in daily noon recitals. It is one of the largest organs in the world. Jack Bethards, president and tonal director of Schoenstein & Co., describes it as an "American classic organ" and "probably one of the most perfect organs ever built." [2]

Contents

Construction

The Boston Music Hall Organ MusicHallOrgan.jpg
The Boston Music Hall Organ
Top of one of the Organ pipes. TempleSquareOrganRecitals.jpg
Top of one of the Organ pipes.
The organ console. TabOrganConsole.jpg
The organ console.

The Tabernacle organ is considered to be one of the finest examples of the American Classic style of organ building. [4] [5] The casework was inspired by the design of the Boston Music Hall organ (which is now housed, since 1909, at the Methuen Memorial Music Hall), the original organ was built in 1863-1867 by an Englishman, Joseph Ridges. Ridges' instrument contained some 700 pipes and was constructed of locally derived materials as much as possible. This original modest 2 manual organ had its console attached to the lower central part of the case and its action was tracker. The organ was later rebuilt and enlarged first by Niels Johnson (1889), the Kimball company of Chicago (1901), the Austin company of Hartford (1915, 1926 & 1937) and finally by the Aeolian-Skinner organ company of Boston (1948). The organ today is largely the result of the personal involvement of noted Anglo-American organ builder G. Donald Harrison, president of the Aeolian-Skinner organ firm when the tabernacle organ was installed. His collaboration with legendary Tabernacle organist Alexander Schreiner produced this masterwork of American eclectic organ building.

From 1984 to 1988, the organ was meticulously renovated by the Schoenstein organ company of San Francisco, under the leadership of Jack M. Bethards. Issues of balance, tonal regulation, and various mechanical details which had developed or become evident in the preceding 40 years of use were corrected and 17 ranks of new pipework were added to complete and enhance the tonal scheme.

The original iconic façade was expanded with side wings in 1915 by the Fetzer woodworking company of Salt Lake City and remains in that form today.[ citation needed ]

The pipes are constructed of wood, zinc, and various alloys of tin and lead. Several pipe ranks from the Ridges organ are extant in the instrument today. When it was initially constructed, the organ had tracker action and was powered by hand-pumped bellows; later it was powered by water from City Creek. Today it is powered by electricity and has electro-pneumatic action.[ citation needed ]

The organ as it stands today contains 11,623 pipes, 147 speaking stops and 206 ranks (rows of pipes). [6]

Uses

The organ often accompanies the Tabernacle Choir at Temple Square during its weekly radio and television broadcasts of Music and the Spoken Word . It also appears in other concerts, recitals, and in recordings. Since the 1920s it has been traditional to feature the organ in daily half hour solo recitals at noon. During the busy tourist summer season the noon recitals are repeated at 2pm. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints used the organ to accompany music for its biannual general conferences until April 2000, when the church opened its newly constructed Conference Center across the street to the north, which has its own 7708-pipe organ.

Apart from its use by organists of the Tabernacle Choir, guest artists are often invited to perform on the instrument, including Dame Gillian Weir (2007), John Weaver (2007) and Felix Hell (2008). During the COVID-19 pandemic the organ was highlighted in the online series “Piping Up: Organ Concerts at Temple Square" featuring organists streamed on YouTube. [7]

The first recordings of the organ were made by Tabernacle organist John J. McClellan for the Columbia Graphophone Company in 1910 and are the first commercially released recordings of a pipe organ. Many recordings featuring the tabernacle organists and choir have been made over subsequent years and are readily available. In 2020, the organ was used as a graphic element of the new Tabernacle Choir logo identity. [8]

List of stops

I. Choir
Gamba16′
Principal8′
Concert Flute8′
Viola8′
Viola Celeste8′
Dulcet II8′
Kleine Erzähler II8′
Prestant4′
Zauberflöte4′
Gambette4′
Piccolo Harmonique2′
Fife (Carillon)1′
Sesquialtera (Carillon) II
Carillon III
Rauschpfeife III
Dulzian16′
Trompette8′
Krummhorn8′
Orchestral Oboe8′
Rohr Schalmei4′
Tromp. Harm. (Bomb.)8′
Tremulant

I. Positiv
Principal8′
Cor de Nuit8′
Quintade8′
Principal4′
Nachthorn4′
Nazard2 2/3
Principal2′
Spillflöte2′
Tierce1 3/5
Larigot1 1/3
Sifflöte1′
Septerz II
Scharf III
Zimbel III
Rankett16′
Cromorne8′
Tremulant
II. Great
Subprincipal16′
Quintaton16′
Principal8′
Diapason8′
Montre8′
Bourdon8′
Spitzflöte8′
Flûte Harmonique8′
Bell Gamba8′
Grosse Quinte5 1/3
Principal4′
Octave4′
Koppelflöte4′
Flûte Octaviante4′
Gemshorn4′
Grosse Tierce3 1/5
Quinte2 2/3
Super Octave2′
Blockflöte2′
Tierce1 3/5
Septieme1 1/7
Acuta III
Full Mixture IV
Fourniture IV
Kleine Mixtur IV
Cornet V
Double Trumpet16′
Trumpet8′
Clarion4′
III. Swell
Lieblich Gedeckt16′
Gemshorn16′
Geigen Principal8′
Gedeckt8′
Claribel Flute8′
Flauto Dolce8′
Flute Celeste8′
Viole de Gambe8′
Viole Celeste8′
Orchestral Strings II8′
Salicional8′
Voix Celeste8′
Prestant4′
Fugara4′
Flauto Traverso4′
Nazard2 2/3
Octavin2′
Hohlflöte2′
Cornet III
Cymbale IV
Plein Jeu IV (from Plein Jeu VI)
Plein Jeu VI
Contra Fagot32′
Contre Trompette16′
1ere Trompette8′
2eme Trompette8′
Hautbois8′
Voix Humaine8′
Quinte Trompette5 1/3
Clairon4′
Tremulant
IV. Bombarde
Diapason8′
Octave4′
Grosse Cornet IV–VI
Grande Fourniture VI
Bombarde16′
Trompette Harmonique8′
Trompette8′
Clairon4′

IV. Solo
Flauto Mirabilis8′
Gamba8′
Gamba Celeste8′
Concert Flute4′
Nazard2 2/3
Piccolo2′
Tierce1 3/5
French Horn8′
English Horn8′
Corno di Bassetto8′
Tuba8′
Cornet V (Great)8′
Harp8′
Chimes
Celesta (Harp)
Tremulant

V. Antiphonal
Diapason8′
Gedeckt8′
Salicional8′
Voix Celeste8′
Principal4′
Kleine Mixtur III
Trompette8′
Vox Humana8′
Tuba Mirabilis8′
Cornet (Great) V
Tremulant

Percussion
Chimes on Great
Chimes on Pedal
Harp on Choir
Celesta on Choir
Pedal
Montre32′
Flûte Ouverte32′
Contre Bourdon32′
Principal16′
Flûte Ouverte16′
Contre Basse16′
Violone16′
Bourdon16′
Gemshorn (Swell)16′
Gamba (Choir)16′
Lieblich Gedeckt (Swell)16′
Grosse Quinte10 2/3
Principal8′
Violoncello8′
Spitzprincipal8′
Flûte Ouverte8′
Flauto Dolce8′
Gamba (Choir)8′
Lieblich Gedeckt (Swell)8′
Quinte5 1/3
Choral Bass4′
Nachthorn4′
Gamba (Choir)4′
Lieblich Gedeckt (Swell)4′
Principal2′
Blockflöte2′
Full Mixture IV
Cymbale IV
Grand Harmonics V
Bombarde32′
Contra Fagot (Swell)32′
Ophicleide16′
Trombone16′
Double Trumpet (Great)16′
Contre Tompette (Swell)16′
Dulzian (Choir)16′
Posaune8′
Trumpet8′
Double Trumpet (Great)8′
Contre Trompette (Swell)8′
Krummhorn (Choir)8′
Clarion4′
Chalumeau4′
Kornett2′

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tabernacle Choir</span> American choir based in Salt Lake City

TheTabernacle Choir at Temple Square, formerly known as the Mormon Tabernacle Choir, is an American choir, acting as part of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. It has performed in the Salt Lake Tabernacle for over 100 years. The Tabernacle houses an organ, consisting of 11,623 pipes, which usually accompanies the choir.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Aeolian-Skinner</span>

Æolian-Skinner Organ Company, Inc. of Boston, Massachusetts was an American builder of a large number of pipe organs from its inception as the Skinner Organ Company in 1901 until its closure in 1972. Key figures were Ernest M. Skinner (1866–1960), Arthur Hudson Marks (1875–1939), Joseph Silver Whiteford (1921-1978), and G. Donald Harrison (1889–1956). The company was formed from the merger of the Skinner Organ Company and the pipe organ division of the Æolian Company in 1932.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Salt Lake Assembly Hall</span> Historic building in Salt Lake City, Utah, United States

The Salt Lake Assembly Hall is a building owned by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints which sits on the southwest corner of Temple Square in Salt Lake City, Utah. It has seating capacity for an audience of approximately 1,400 people.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Temple Square</span> United States historic place

Temple Square is a 10-acre (4.0 ha) complex, owned by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, in the center of Salt Lake City, Utah. The usage of the name has gradually changed to include several other church facilities that are immediately adjacent to Temple Square. Contained within Temple Square are the Salt Lake Temple, Salt Lake Tabernacle, Salt Lake Assembly Hall, the Seagull Monument, and two visitors' centers. The square was designated a National Historic Landmark District in 1964, recognizing the Mormon achievement in the settlement of Utah.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">LDS Conference Center</span> LDS General Conference Meetingplace

The Conference Center, in Salt Lake City, Utah, is the premier meeting hall for the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Completed in 2000, the 21,000-seat Conference Center replaced the traditional use of the nearby Salt Lake Tabernacle, built in 1868, for the church's biannual general conference and other major gatherings, devotionals, and events. It is believed to be the largest theater-style auditorium ever built.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Salt Lake Tabernacle</span> Building in Salt Lake City, Utah

The Salt Lake Tabernacle, also known as the Mormon Tabernacle, is located on Temple Square in Salt Lake City, in the U.S. state of Utah. The Tabernacle was built from 1863 to 1875 to house meetings for the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. It was the location of the church's semi-annual general conference until the meeting was moved to the new and larger LDS Conference Center in 2000. Now a historic building on Temple Square, the Salt Lake Tabernacle is still used for overflow crowds during general conference. It is renowned for its remarkable acoustics and iconic pipe organ. Tabernacle Choir has performed there for over 100 years.

<i>Music & the Spoken Word</i> American radio and television program

Music & the Spoken Word is a religious radio and television series. Broadcast weekly from the Salt Lake Tabernacle in Salt Lake City, Utah, the program primarily features performances of music by The Tabernacle Choir at Temple Square—often accompanied by the Salt Lake Tabernacle organ and the Orchestra at Temple Square, accompanied by spiritual messages and passages related to a specific episode's theme.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Come, Come, Ye Saints</span>

"Come, Come, Ye Saints" is one of the best-known Latter-day Saint hymns. The lyrics were written in 1846 by Mormon poet William Clayton. The hymn has been called the anthem of the nineteenth-century Mormon pioneers and "the landmark Mormon anthem."

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Alexander Schreiner</span>

Alexander Ferdinand Schreiner was one of the most noted organists of the Salt Lake Tabernacle. He also wrote the music to several LDS hymns, several of which are in the current edition of the hymn book of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tracy Y. Cannon</span> An American Latter-day Saint musician, composer, and musicologist.

Tracy Young Cannon was an American Latter-day Saint musician, composer, and musicologist.

John Longhurst is an organist for the Tabernacle Choir from 1977 through 2007. He is also noted for writing the music to the Latter-day Saint hymn "I Believe in Christ" and being one of the few main forces behind the design of the Conference Center organ. He is the author of Magnum Opus: The Building of the Schoenstein Organ at the Conference Center of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. As a child, Longhurst lived on a ranch near Placerville, California. In 1949, his father died and the family subsequently moved to Salt Lake City, Utah. As a young man, Longhurst served as a missionary for the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in the Eastern Atlantic States Mission.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">John J. McClellan</span>

John Jasper McClellan, Jr. served as the chief organist of the organ in the Salt Lake Tabernacle of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints from 1900 to 1925.

Robert Sands was the fifth conductor of the Mormon Tabernacle Choir; however, he was the first after the building of the Salt Lake Tabernacle on Temple Square in Salt Lake City, Utah. Prior to Sands taking over as conductor, the choir was led by Charles J. Thomas and performed in the "Old Tabernacle", which was also on Temple Square.

Andrew Emerson Unsworth is an American organist who has served an organist for the Salt Lake Tabernacle since 2007, which includes being an organist for the Tabernacle Choir at Temple Square, which is the principal resident musical organization there.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Joseph J. Daynes</span>

Joseph John Daynes was the first organist at the Salt Lake Tabernacle and for the Mormon Tabernacle Choir. Daynes was born in Norwich, England, to John Daynes and Eliza Miller. The Daynes family later joined the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints and then immigrated to Utah Territory in 1862.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Schoenstein Organ at the Conference Center</span> Pipe organ in Salt Lake City, Utah, U.S.

The Schoenstein Organ at the Conference Center is a pipe organ built by Schoenstein & Co., San Francisco, California located in the Conference Center of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Salt Lake City, Utah. The organ was completed in 2003. It is composed of 160 speaking stops spread over five manuals and pedals. Along with the nearby Salt Lake Tabernacle organ, it is typically used to accompany the Tabernacle Choir at Temple Square. Schoenstein & Co.'s president and tonal director, Jack Bethards, describes it as "an American Romantic organ" that is "probably more English than anything else."

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Robert M. Cundick</span>

Robert Milton Cundick Sr. was a Latter-day Saint composer. Cundick's interest in music started at a young age, and he studied under Mormon Tabernacle organist Alexander Schreiner and later under Leroy J. Robertson. He also served for many years as an organist at the Salt Lake Tabernacle of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. This included accompanying the Mormon Tabernacle Choir and playing organ solos on the weekly broadcast, Music & the Spoken Word. Cundick served in World War II and enrolled at the University of Utah where he received his BFA, MFA, and PhD. He joined the music faculty at Brigham Young University (BYU) in 1957 but his work there was interrupted due to various callings by LDS Church leaders. After his retirement, Cundick continued to contribute to music in the LDS Church. In his personal life, he married his organ student Charlotte Clark while he was a student at the University of Utah. He died in 2016 at the age of 89.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Frank W. Asper</span>

Frank Wilson Asper was an American composer and member of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints who served as Mormon Tabernacle organist from 1924 to 1965.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Schoenstein & Co.</span> United States historic place

Schoenstein & Co. formerly known as Felix F. Shoenstein and Sons, is the oldest and largest organ builder in the western United States. It was founded in 1877 by Felix F. Schoenstein in San Francisco, California; the company is now based in Benicia, California.

References

  1. "About the Organs and Organists on Temple Square". www.thetabernaclechoir.org. Retrieved 2022-09-30.
  2. "Some Latter Day Sounds #0525", Pipedreams, 20 June 2005. Retrieved on 23 March 2021.
  3. Elson, Louis Charles (1904). The History of American Music: With Twelve Full Page Photogravures and One Hundred and Two Illustrations in the Text. New York: Macmillan Co. pp.  188. OCLC   55551750.
  4. Bethards, Jack: "The 1988 RenovationA Builder's Perspective" The American Organist Vol. 22, no. 12 (December 1988), p. 71.
  5. Owen, Barbara (1990). The Mormon Tabernacle Organ: An American Classic. The American Classic Organ Symposium. Salt Lake City: The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. ISBN   1-55517-054-4.
  6. 11,623 Pipes: The Story of the Tabernacle Organ Archived 2009-05-31 at the Wayback Machine , Tabernacle Choir Website. Retrieved on September 28, 2007.
  7. Smith, Tracy. "A century-old Church tradition ‘Piping Up’, Organists to go live online and worldwide", ABC4 News , 10 June 2020. Retrieved on 23 March 2021.
  8. Stack, Peggy Fletcher. "Tabernacle Choir unveils sleek logo with a new set of pipes", The Salt Lake Tribune , 23 April 2020. Retrieved on 23 March 2021.

Further reading