Sambhaji Brigade

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Sambhaji Brigade is a Maratha outfit, [1] based in Maharashtra, India. It is a branch of the Maratha Seva Sangh. [2] The Brigade is named after the Maratha king Sambhaji son of the first Maratha king Shivaji.

Contents

Known for its controversial and often violent agitations, it gained exposure after its members attacked, vandalised and ransacked the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute in Pune, claiming that it helped American scholar James Laine’s book on Shivaji titled Shivaji: Hindu King in Islamic India, certain parts of which were unacceptable to them. [3] [4] During this attack on BORI, they destroyed many precious and rare manuscripts which laid to decades of research to waste. [5]

Sambhaji Brigade demands reservation for the Maratha community and wants inclusion of Marathas in Other Backward Classes (OBC) category. They also demand free education for Maratha children and registered marriages instead of religious ceremonies. [6] [7] The organization has been described as having an anti-Brahmin caste stand and has been repeatedly criticized for its extremist views. [8] [9] [10] [11]

Controversies

Sambhaji Brigade is known for aggressive and violent agitations. Their first violent protest was an attack on Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute. Several historical records were destroyed in this attack including handwritten copies by Adya Shankaracharya. This was followed by uprooting of Dadoji Kondev's Statue from Lal Mahal, then by attacks on Waghya dog's statue on Raigad fort and then by attacks on R. R. Patil.

2004 James Laine incident

Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute, Pune BORI, Pune.jpg
Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute, Pune

A group of brigade members [12] attacked and vandalised the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute(BORI) in January 2004. The attack was prompted by the controversy over James Laine's controversial [13] book Shivaji: Hindu King in Islamic India (OUP, 2003); scholars from the institute had collaborated with Laine on information for his book about the founder of the Maratha Empire, Shivaji, which the group had viewed as blasphemy claiming that book features "derogatory remarks on Shivaji and his mother". [14] [15] [16] Angry mob of Sambhaji Brigade stormed the BORI and destroyed priceless manuscripts and artifacts. Then Prime Minister of India Atal Bihari Vajpayee condemned this violence though he upheld the importance of disagreement and debate in a democracy. [15] After the incident 72 members of the group were arrested. [14] In 2004 the director-general of police announced that a legal ban on the organization was being investigated, but as of 2015, organization has never been banned. [17]

Statue of Dadoji Konddev

In 2010, NCP-controlled Pune Municipal Corporation's (PMC) decision to remove the statue of Dadoji Kondadev was claimed to be consistent with the party's policy to encourage demands of hardline Maratha groups. It is claimed that such a stance had helped the NCP maintain its dominance among the Maratha youth in Pune and rural Maharashtra. [18] Sambhaji Brigade was also involved in a protest to remove the statue of Dadoji Kondadev from Lal Mahal in Pune claiming that he was just introduced as teacher of Shivaji by Brahmin historians. About 30 to 40 people entered Pune Municipal Corporation (PMC) and attacked Mayor's office. [19] This led to a statewide protest by Political parties such as BJP, Shiv Sena and MNS. [20] Following to this Government of Maharashtra (which included NCP) removed name of Dadoji Konddev from school history books stating that Government's committee of historians found no evidence that Dadoji Konddev was teacher of Shivaji. The move was heavily criticized by historians and scholars. Some members of the government-appointed committee also resigned in protest citing that the committee head Jaysing Pawar only had caste considerations in mind when submitting the report, without regard to actual historical evidence. [21]

Attack on Waghya's Statue on Raigad Fort

Statue of Waghya at Raigad Fort RaigadFort8.jpg
Statue of Waghya at Raigad Fort

The group was also responsible for a protest and attack against a dog's (Waghya) statue located on Raigad Fort next to Shivaji's memorial. According to legend the dog (named Waghya) was Shivaji's dog. The group claimed that the dog was not real and there should not be a memorial for it. This act was strongly opposed by local Dhangar community for they believe that the dog was real. [22] In fact many people say that Waghya was Shivaji's dog and the reason for why the memorial was constructed over there.[ citation needed ]

Ram Ganesh Gadkari bust vandalism

In January 2017, four Sambhaji Brigade followers pulled down a bust of celebrated Marathi playwright Ram Ganesh Gadkari which was located in Sambhaji Park in central Pune and threw it in the nearby Mutha river. The Chandraseniya Kayastha Prabhu (CKP) community, the community to which Gadkari belonged later organized a meeting to protest this incident at the Ram Ganesh Gadkari Rangayatan (a theater named after Gadkari) in Thane. Sambhaji Brigade claimed that Gadkari had portrayed Sambhaji in bad light in an unfinished play Rajsanyas, written a century ago by referring to some out-of-context content. [23] [24] [25]

Indian National Congress leader Nitesh Rane later rewarded the vandals and made inflammatory remarks claiming that he had announced a reward earlier in 2016 for removing the bust, and was proud of the act carried out by the accused. [26] He also tweeted that Sambhaji Brigade was not involved in the act, even when the outfit had claimed responsibility for the action. [27] The vandalism was largely seen as an attempt to garner votes by playing the community card in the city's civic elections which were due to be held in a few weeks. [28]

Reservation

lawyer Gunaratna Sadavarte was attacked in December 2018 by a worker affiliated to the outfit. [29]

Ink thrown at journalist

On 5 December 2021, two activists of Sambhaji Brigade hurled ink at a journalist and writer Girish Kuber in Nashik in protest against some controversial references about Chhatrapati Sambhaji Maharaj in his book. [30]

Leadership

Purushottam Khedekar is one of the founders of this organisation. He is also a prominent leader in the Maratha Seva Sangh, a related organisation and co-founder of Shiva Dharma. Khedekar has written several books including Bhatta Cha Kardhankal and Maharaj Mala Maaf Kara (Translates as "Your Majesty, I ask for your forgiveness"). Pune Police issued an arrest warrant against Khedekar for inciting anti-Brahmin feelings. [31] In 2015 he submitted an affidavit in the court and apologised unconditionally for his remarks on Brahmin women.

Shiva Dharma

The Maratha Seva Sangh, founded by Khedekar, has been demanding reservations for the Maratha community and is also supporting creation of a new religion of its own called 'Shiva Dharma' [32] [33]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Shivaji</span> First Chhatrapati of the Marathas (r. 1674–80)

Shivaji I was an Indian ruler and a member of the Bhonsle dynasty. Shivaji carved out his own independent kingdom from the Sultanate of Bijapur that formed the genesis of the Maratha Confederacy. In 1674, he was formally crowned the Chhatrapati of his realm at Raigad Fort.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sambhaji</span> Second Chhatrapati of the Marathas

Sambhaji, also known as Shambhuraje, was the second Chhatrapati of the Maratha Kingdom, ruling from 1681 to 1689. He was the eldest son of Shivaji, the founder of the Maratha Kingdom. Sambhaji's rule was largely shaped by the ongoing wars between the Marathas and the Mughal Empire, as well as other neighbouring powers such as the Abyssinians of Janjira, Wadiyars of Mysore and the Portuguese Empire in Goa. After Sambhaji's execution by Aurangzeb, his brother Rajaram I succeeded him as the next Chhatrapati and continued the Mughal–Maratha Wars.

The Maratha caste is composed of 96 clans, originally formed in the earlier centuries from the amalgamation of families from the peasant (Kunbi), shepherd (Dhangar), blacksmith (Lohar), pastoral (Gavli), carpenter (Sutar), Bhandari, Thakar and Koli castes in Maharashtra. Many of them took to military service in the 16th century for the Deccan sultanates or the Mughals. Later in the 17th and 18th centuries, they served in the armies of the Maratha Kingdom, founded by Shivaji, a Maratha Kunbi by caste. Many Marathas were granted hereditary fiefs by the Sultanates, and Mughals for their service.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Peshwa</span> Prime Minister of the Maratha Confederacy

The Peshwa was the second highest office in the Maratha Confederacy, next in rank and prestige only to that of the Chhatrapati. Initially serving as the appointed prime minister in the Maratha Kingdom, the office became hereditary after the death of Shahu in 1749. During the reign of Shahu, the office of Peshwa grew in power and the Peshwas came to be the de facto rulers of the Maratha Confederacy. However following the defeat of the Marathas in 1761, the office of the Peshwa became titular as well and from that point onwards served as the ceremonial head of the Confederacy underneath the Chhatrapati.

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Moropant Trimbak Pingale'

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Shahu I</span> Chhatrapati of the Marathas from 1707–1749

Shahu I was the fifth Chhatrapati of the Maratha Confederacy founded by his grandfather, Shivaji I. He was born into the Bhonsle family, and was the son of Sambhaji I and Yesubai. At a young age, he was taken into custody at the Siege of Raigad by Mughal emperor Aurangzeb, and held captive. He was released from captivity after the death of Aurangzeb in the hope of engineering an internecine struggle among the Maratha factions of Tarabai and Shahu. Shahu emerged victorious in the bloody Battle of Khed and was crowned as Chhatrapati.

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Balaji Vishwanath Bhat was the first of a series of hereditary Peshwas hailing from the Bhat family who gained effective control of the Maratha Confederacy and other Mughal vassals during the early 18th century. Balaji Vishwanath assisted a young Maratha king Shahu to consolidate his grip on a kingdom that had been racked by civil war and persistently intruded on by the Mughals under Aurangzeb. He was called the Second Founder of the Maratha State. He secured a grant from the Mughal court that confirmed Shahu as the legitimate Mughal vassal, at the expense of his rival Sambhaji II. Later, his son Bajirao I became the Peshwa.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tarabai</span> Queen consort and later regent of the Maratha Kingdom

Maharani Tarabai Bhosale (née Mohite) was the regent of the Maratha Empire from 1700 until 1708. She was the queen of Rajaram I, and daughter-in-law of the kingdom's founder Shivaji I. She is acclaimed for her role in keeping alive the resistance against Mughal rule in Konkan, and acting as the regent of the Maratha Empire during the minority of her son, Shivaji II. She defeated Mughal forces of Aurangzeb in several battles and expanded the Maratha Empire.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Raigad Fort</span> Hill fort in Maharashtra, India

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lal Mahal</span> Childhood residence of Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj in Pune, Maharashtra

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Shivaji was the founder of the Maratha Empire in the Indian subcontinent. This article describes Shivaji's life from his birth until the age of 19 years (1630–1649).

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sambhaji Raje</span> Indian politician

Sambhajiraje Chhatrapati is an Indian politician, who served as the member in the upper house of the Parliament of India. He is heir to Kolhapur royal family as the 13th direct descendant of the Maratha king, Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj and great-grandson of Rajarshi Chhatrapati Shahu of Kolhapur; both were educated at the Rajkumar College, Rajkot a century apart.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Waghya</span> A kings pet dog

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References

  1. ↑ Kamlesh Sutar, How Bhima Koregaon battle anniversary turned into a riot Archived 17 September 2018 at the Wayback Machine , Daily O, 2 January 2018.
  2. ↑ Storytellers @work. katha. 2004. p. 70. ISBN   8189020013. Archived from the original on 2 February 2020. Retrieved 29 May 2018.
  3. ↑ NUSSBAUM, Martha (2008). The Clash Within. Harvard University Press. ISBN   978-0-674-03059-6. Archived from the original on 27 June 2014. Retrieved 29 October 2016.
  4. ↑ "Row over award to historian Babasaheb Purandare". The Hindu. 5 May 2015. Archived from the original on 12 December 2017. Retrieved 16 July 2015.
  5. ↑ "Decades of research laid to waste, rare manuscripts destroyed in BORI attacks". Times of India. 28 October 2017.
  6. ↑ "Sambhaji Brigade Wants Marathas in OBC Category - Nov 12,2012". Outlook. Archived from the original on 20 February 2014. Retrieved 17 May 2013.
  7. ↑ "Sambhaji Brigade seeks inclusion of Marathas as OBC community". DNA India.
  8. ↑ "The rise of India's EQ". Hindustan Times. Archived from the original on 29 August 2011.
  9. ↑ "Shivaji is vote bank sabre, rattled in the face of history". Tehelka. Archived from the original on 15 December 2004. Retrieved 19 May 2012.
  10. ↑ Siddharth, Kelkar (22 November 2008). "Rift widens: Sambhaji Brigade flays Shiv Sangram chief - Indian Express". The Indian Express . Retrieved 13 January 2012.
  11. ↑ "CHARGE OF THE PK (SAMBHAJI) BRIGADE". Archived from the original on 9 January 2018. Retrieved 9 January 2018. ..the brigade, which is a which is against brahminic system of casteism organisation...
  12. ↑ Nussbaum, Martha C. (2008). The Clash Within: Democracy, Religious Violence, and India's Future. Harvard UP. p. 240. ISBN   978-0-674-03059-6. Archived from the original on 27 June 2014. Retrieved 13 January 2012.
  13. ↑ "Supreme Court lifts ban on James Laine's book on Shivaji". The Times of India. 9 July 2010. Archived from the original on 10 November 2016. Retrieved 16 July 2015.
  14. 1 2 "Front demands destroying copies of Laine's book". The Times of India . 16 January 2004. Archived from the original on 7 July 2012. Retrieved 13 January 2012.
  15. 1 2 "Maharashtra govt bans James W. Laine's biography on Shivaji". India Today. 2 February 2004. Archived from the original on 20 July 2015. Retrieved 16 July 2015.
  16. ↑ "Politics and the cult of the Chhatrapati". The Hindu . 1 April 2004. Archived from the original on 11 April 2012. Retrieved 13 January 2012.
  17. ↑ "Ban on Sambhaji Brigade likely: DGP". The Times of India . 8 January 2004. Archived from the original on 17 January 2014. Retrieved 13 January 2012.
  18. ↑ "Why NCP needs Sambhaji Brigade". Hindustan Times. 28 December 2010. Archived from the original on 23 July 2015. Retrieved 17 July 2015.
  19. ↑ "Sambhaji Brigade attacks Pune Mayor's office". ibnlive.com. Archived from the original on 18 January 2014. Retrieved 29 August 2012.
  20. ↑ Dadoji’s statue in Pune sparks statewide protests Archived 2010-07-02 at the Wayback Machine , Mumbai Mirror
  21. ↑ "Nothing against Brahmins in removing name of Konddev from text books: Maratha outfit". The Indian Express. 7 June 2009. Archived from the original on 25 February 2016. Retrieved 17 July 2015.
  22. ↑ Maratha outfit declares war on Shivaji's dog Archived 5 June 2014 at the Wayback Machine , IBN Live
  23. ↑ "Sambhaji Brigade vandalises statue of litterateur R.G. Gadkari in Pune".
  24. ↑ "Sambhaji Brigade Vandalises Playwright's Statue for 'Insult' to Shivaji a Century Ago". Archived from the original on 9 January 2018. Retrieved 9 January 2018.
  25. ↑ "Maratha pride (and votes): Why the statue of a legendary Marathi playwright was vandalised in Pune". 7 January 2017. Archived from the original on 10 August 2018. Retrieved 9 January 2018.
  26. ↑ "Cong MLA Rane rewards vandals". Archived from the original on 9 January 2018. Retrieved 9 January 2018.
  27. ↑ "Nitesh Rane rewards vandals but why is Congress tolerant to such intolerance by its MLA?". Archived from the original on 9 January 2018. Retrieved 9 January 2018.
  28. ↑ "Maratha pride (and votes): Why the statue of a legendary Marathi playwright was vandalised in Pune". Archived from the original on 10 August 2018. Retrieved 9 January 2018.
  29. ↑ "Lawyer Opposing Maratha Quota Attacked Outside Bombay High Court". NDTV . PTI. 10 December 2018. Retrieved 28 September 2022.
  30. ↑ "lInk thrown at Maharashtra journalist Girish Kuber at Marathi literary meet venue" . Retrieved 6 December 2021.[ dead link ]
  31. ↑ "BJP demands ban on book on Shivaji". The Indian Express.
  32. ↑ "MSS founder's wife quits BJP to join NCP". Daily News and Analysis. 21 September 2013. Archived from the original on 26 July 2015. Retrieved 16 July 2015.
  33. ↑ "sambhaji-brigade-maratha-protest-organisers-turn-political-party". Hindustan Times. Archived from the original on 30 November 2016. Retrieved 30 November 2016.
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