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The politics of Hong Kong takes place in a framework of a political system dominated by its quasi-constitutional document,the Hong Kong Basic Law,its own legislature,the Chief Executive as the head of government and of the Special Administrative Region and of a politically constrained multi-party presidential system. The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China is led by the Chief Executive,the head of government.
Under the Basic Law,the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region is exclusively in charge of its internal affairs and external relations,whilst the central government of China is responsible for its foreign affairs and defence. As a separate customs territory,Hong Kong maintains and develops relations with foreign states and regions,and plays an active role in such international organisations as World Trade Organization (WTO) and the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) in its own right under the name of Hong Kong,China. Hong Kong participates in 16 projects of United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.
The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region,commonly known as the Hong Kong Government or HKSAR Government,is the executive authorities of Hong Kong. It was formed on 1 July 1997 in accordance with the Sino-British Joint Declaration of 1983,an international treaty lodged at the United Nations. This government replaced the former British Hong Kong Government (1842–1997). The Chief Executive and the principal officials,nominated by the chief executive,are appointed by the State Council of the People's Republic of China. The Government Secretariat is headed by the Chief Secretary of Hong Kong,who is the most senior principal official of the Government. The Chief Secretary and the other secretaries jointly oversee the administration of Hong Kong,give advice to the Chief Executive as members of the Executive Council,and are accountable for their actions and policies to the Chief Executive and the Legislative Council.
Sir Donald Tsang Yam-kuen is a former Hong Kong civil servant who served as the second Chief Executive of Hong Kong from 2005 to 2012.
Anson Maria Elizabeth Chan Fang On-sang,is a retired Hong Kong politician and civil servant who was the first ethnic Chinese and woman to serve as Chief Secretary,the second-highest position in both the British colonial government and the Hong Kong SAR government under the Chinese sovereignty from 1993 until she retired from the government in 2001,sparking speculations of her growing rift with Chief Executive Tung Chee-hwa.
Sir Jack Cater,was the Chief Secretary of Hong Kong from 1978 to 1981. Cater was the third Chief Secretary under the Governorship of Sir Murray MacLehose,later Lord MacLehose of Beoch. He was the founding Commissioner of the Independent Commission Against Corruption of Hong Kong.
Rafael Hui Si-yan is a former Chief Secretary for Administration of Hong Kong and career civil servant. Hui has been dubbed "Old Master Hui" (許老爺) and "Fat Dragon" (肥龍). Hui was appointed as a Justice of the Peace on 1986 and received the honour of Gold Bauhinia Star in 1998. On 19 December 2014,he was convicted and sentenced to imprisonment for misconduct in public office and bribery,and then stripped of the honour in March 2018. He was released in December 2019.
John Tsang Chun-wah,GBM,JP is a Hong Kong former senior civil servant and government official who was the longest-serving Financial Secretary in the Special Administrative Region period to date.
Denise Yue Chung-yee GBS JP was a Hong Kong politician and Secretary for the Civil Service.
Principal officials,according to the Basic Law,are government officials who are nominated by the Chief Executive and appointed by the State Council of the People's Republic of China. They include departmental secretaries and secretaries of policy bureaux. Five other officials are also principal officials because of the importance of their positions.
The Government Secretariat is collectively formed by the Offices of the Chief Secretary and the Financial Secretary and thirteen policy bureaux.
The Political Appointments System is a scheme introduced in 2008 by the Hong Kong Government to reinforce its ministerial team by superseding the Principal Officials Accountability System and inserting two layers of politically appointed officials below the secretaries,who are political appointees. These appointees report only to the secretaries,but not the permanent secretaries,the highest-ranking civil servants. The appointment of undersecretaries and political assistants is an extension of the previous RPAS that was initially confined to principal officials. Prior to the introduction,there were 14 political appointees—3 Secretaries of Departments and 11 Directors of Bureaux.
Rita Lau Ng Wai-lan is a Hong Kong former civil servant. She was appointed Secretary for Commerce and Economic Development in July 2008 after her predecessor Frederick Ma resigned due to health reasons. Coincidentally,ill-health also forced her resignation from this position on 8 April 2011,following an operation to remove a colon tumour.
The Leung Chin-man appointment controversy occurred in Hong Kong in August 2008,when the former Permanent Secretary for Housing,Planning and Lands,Leung Chin-man,was named Deputy Managing Director and Executive Director of New World China Land Ltd.
The Second term of Donald Tsang as Chief Executive of Hong Kong,officially referred to as "The 3rd term Chief Executive of Hong Kong" relates to the period of governance of Hong Kong since the transfer of sovereignty of Hong Kong,between 1 July 2007 and 30 June 2012. Former civil-servant Donald Tsang was the Chief Executive throughout the duration.
The first term of Donald Tsang as chief executive of Hong Kong,officially considered part of "The 2nd term Chief Executive of Hong Kong",relates to the period of governance of Hong Kong since the transfer of sovereignty of Hong Kong,between 25 June 2005 and 30 June 2007. Former civil-servant Donald Tsang was elected on 25 June 2005 to fill the position vacated by the resignation of his predecessor,Tung Chee Hwa.
The 2017 Hong Kong Chief Executive election was held on 26 March 2017 for the 5th term of the Chief Executive of Hong Kong (CE),the highest office of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR). Former Chief Secretary for Administration Carrie Lam beat former Financial Secretary John Tsang and retired judge Woo Kwok-hing,receiving 777 votes from the 1,194-member Election Committee.
Conservatism has deep roots in Hong Kong politics and society. As a political trend,it is often reflected in but not limited to the current pro-Beijing camp,one of the two major political forces in Hong Kong,as opposed to liberalism,a dominant feature of the pro-democracy camp. It has also become a political view taken by some localist political parties.
Carrie Yau Tsang Kar-lai is a former Hong Kong government official.
References
- ↑ Hong Kong news [ permanent dead link ]
- ↑ Report, The New York Times
- ↑ "John Tsang to officially announce chief executive bid despite no clear nod from Beijing". South China Morning Post. 19 January 2017.
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