Related Research Articles
Flag of convenience (FOC) is a business practice whereby a ship's owners register a merchant ship in a ship register of a country other than that of the ship's owners, and the ship flies the civil ensign of that country, called the flag state. The term is often used pejoratively, and although common, the practice is sometimes regarded as contentious.
The ILO Convention Concerning Minimum Age for Admission to Employment C138, is a convention adopted in 1973 by the International Labour Organization. It requires ratifying states to pursue a national policy designed to ensure the effective abolition of child labour and to raise progressively the minimum age for admission to employment or work. It is one of eight ILO fundamental conventions. Convention C138 replaces several similar ILO conventions in specific fields of labour.
International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers (STCW) sets minimum qualification standards for masters, officers and watch personnel on seagoing merchant ships and large yachts. STCW was adopted in 1978 by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) conference in London, and entered into force in 1984. The Convention was significantly amended in 1995 and 2010 entered into force on 1 January 2012.
Repatriation of Seamen Convention, 1926 is an International Labour Organization Convention.
Maternity Protection Convention, 2000 is an International Labour Organization Convention.
Holidays with Pay (Sea) Convention, 1936 is an International Labour Organization Convention. It never came into force.
Paid Vacations (Seafarers) Convention, 1946 is an International Labour Organization Convention.
Paid Vacations (Seafarers) Convention (Revised), 1949 (shelved) is an International Labour Organization Convention.
The Convention concerning Wages, Hours of Work on Board Ship and Manning is a convention of the International Labour Organization originally drafted in 1946 and revised conventions in 1949 and 1958, none of which entered into force.
Medical Examination (Seafarers) Convention, 1946 is an International Labour Organization Convention.
Seafarers' Identity Documents Convention, 1958 is an International Labour Organization Convention.
Seafarers' Welfare Convention, 1987 is an International Labour Organization Convention.
Health Protection and Medical Care (Seafarers) Convention, 1987 is an International Labour Organization Convention.
Labour Inspection (Seafarers) Convention, 1996 is an International Labour Organization Convention.
Recruitment and Placement of Seafarers Convention, 1996 is an International Labour Organization Convention.
Seafarers' Hours of Work and the Manning of Ships Convention, 1996 is an International Labour Organization Convention.
An Estonian seafarer's discharge book is an identity document issued by Estonian Police and Border Guard Board in which the name, date of birth or personal identification code, and a photograph or facial image and the signature or image of signature of the holder are entered, unless otherwise provided by law or legislation established on the basis thereof. A seafarer who is an Estonian citizen shall be issued a seafarer’s discharge book which complies with the requirements of the “Convention concerning Seafarers’ National Identity Documents” of the International Labour Organisation (ILO). A seafarer’s discharge book shall be issued with a period of validity of up to five years.
The Maritime Labour Convention (MLC) is an International Labour Organization (ILO) convention, number 186, established in 2006 as the fourth pillar of international maritime law and embodies "all up-to-date standards of existing international maritime labour Conventions and Recommendations, as well as the fundamental principles to be found in other international labour Conventions". The other pillars are the SOLAS, STCW and MARPOL. The treaties applies to all ships entering the harbours of parties to the treaty (port states), as well as to all ships flying the flag of state party (flag states, as of 2021: over 91 per cent).
International labour law is the body of rules spanning public and private international law which concern the rights and duties of employees, employers, trade unions and governments in regulating Work and the workplace. The International Labour Organization and the World Trade Organization have been the main international bodies involved in reforming labour markets. The International Monetary Fund and the World Bank have indirectly driven changes in labour policy by demanding structural adjustment conditions for receiving loans or grants. Issues regarding Conflict of laws arise, determined by national courts, when people work in more than one country, and supra-national bodies, particularly in the law of the European Union, has a growing body of rules regarding labour rights.
Dr. Cleopatra Doumbia-Henry is President of the World Maritime University. She is an international lawyer, a global leader on maritime law, labour standards and labour law, and law of international organizations. Dr. Doumbia-Henry is a distinguished academic in the field of international law and an international advocate for sustainability and innovation.
References
- ↑ "Maritime Authority commemorates Day of Seafarer - Graphic Online".
- ↑ "Lack of papers risk locking Kenyan seafarers out of jobs". The Star.
- ↑ "Ratifications of ILO conventions: Ratifications by Convention". www.ilo.org.
- ↑ "ILO Convention 185 on seafar mention 185 on seafarers' identity document thir ers' identity document thirteen years after entering into force: analysing implementation challenges and future outlook". World Maritime University. Retrieved 2021-01-07.
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