Seamanite

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Seamanite
Seamanite-zr17a.jpg
Seamanite crystals on a rock sample
(5 x 4 x 3 cm)
General
Category Borate minerals
Formula Mn3[B(OH)4](PO4)(OH)2 [1]
IMA symbol Sem [2]
Strunz classification 6.AC.65 [3]
Dana classification 43.4.5.1 [1]
Crystal system Orthorhombic
Crystal class Dipyramidal (mmm)
H-M symbol: (2/m 2/m 2/m) [4]
Space group Pbnm
Unit cell a = 7.811  Å, b = 15.114 Å
c = 6.691 Å, Z = 4
Identification
Formula mass 372.64 g/mol [3]
Coloryellow, yellow-brown, pink [1]
Crystal habit acicular [3]
Cleavage distinct on {001} [4]
Fracture brittle [3]
Tenacity brittle [4]
Mohs scale hardness4 [1]
Luster vitreous [3]
Streak white [3]
Diaphaneity transparent [4]
Specific gravity 3.08 [1]
Density 3.08–3.128 g/cm3 [4]
Refractive index nα = 1.640,
nβ = 1.663,
nγ = 1.665 [5]
Birefringence δ = 0.025 [1]
2V angle ≈40° [5]
Dispersion weak [1]
Ultraviolet fluorescence none [3]
Solubility in cold, dilute acids [1]
References [4]

Seamanite, named for discoverer Arthur E. Seaman, is a rare manganese boron phosphate mineral with formula Mn3[B(OH)4](PO4)(OH)2. The yellow to pink mineral occurs as small, needle-shaped crystals. It was first discovered in 1917 from a mine in Iron County, Michigan, United States and identified in 1930. As of 2012, seamanite is known from four sites in Michigan and South Australia.

Contents

History

In 1917, Arthur E. Seaman collected a mineral sample from the Chicagon Mine in Iron County, Michigan. [a] He correctly believed it to be a new mineral species based on a qualitative analysis of its composition by F. B. Wilson. World War I delayed further study of the mineral until 1929. A study in 1930 proved it to be a new mineral and named it seamanite in honor of Seaman. They cited his career as a professor of geology and mineralogy and his contributions to the field as reasons for the naming. [6]

The original analysis of the mineral in 1930 suggested seamanite to be a hydrated salt. [7] However, in 1971, the mineral was determined to be the coordination compound Mn3[B(OH)4](PO4)(OH)2. [8]

Description

Seamanite is a transparent, yellow to pink mineral that occurs as needle-shaped crystals. [3] Seamanite is a brittle mineral with a mohs hardness of 4. [1] It is found in the crevices of fractured siliceous rock. [6] The type occurrence was found in association with small crystals of calcite, thin coatings of manganese oxide, [6] and fibrous sussexite. [9] Seamanite has also been found with shigaite. [10]

Distribution

As of 2012, seamanite is known from four locations: the Cambria-Jackson Mine in Marquette County, Michigan, the Chicagon Mine and the Bengal Mine in Iron County, Michigan, and the Iron Monarch open cut in the Eyre Peninsula, South Australia. [1]

The type material is stored at Michigan Technological University in Houghton, Michigan, and at the National Museum of Natural History in Washington, D.C. as sample 96282. [4]

Crystallography

Crystal structure of seamanite: gray:H red:O green:B violet:Mn center of yellow tetrahedrons:P Structure cristalline seamanite.png
Crystal structure of seamanite:
gray:H red:O green:B violet:Mn center of yellow tetrahedrons:P

Seamanite is formed of acicular crystals elongated along [001] and showing the faces {110} and {111} up to one centimeter. It has an orthorhombic crystal system and the Pbnm space group. The parameters of its unit cell are: a=7.811 Å, b=15.114 Å, c=6.691 Å, Z=4 units per unit cell. [4]

Notes

  1. ↑ Some sources list it as the Chicagoan Mine [3]

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 "Seamanite". Mindat. Retrieved April 13, 2012.
  2. ↑ Warr, L.N. (2021). "IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols". Mineralogical Magazine. 85 (3): 291–320. Bibcode:2021MinM...85..291W. doi: 10.1180/mgm.2021.43 . S2CID   235729616.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 "Seamanite Mineral Data". Webmineral. Retrieved April 13, 2012.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "Seamanite" (PDF). Handbook of Mineralogy. Mineral Data Publishing. Retrieved April 13, 2012.
  5. 1 2 Kraus, p. 222
  6. 1 2 3 Kraus, p. 220.
  7. ↑ Kraus, p. 223–5
  8. ↑ Moore, p. 1527.
  9. ↑ Slawson, p. 575
  10. ↑ "Seamanite – Photo Gallery". Mindat. Retrieved April 13, 2012.

Bibliography

Further reading

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