Semih Sancar (1911 –8 December 1984 [1] ) was Chief of the Turkish General Staff from 1973 to 1978,a period including the 1974 Turkish defence operation of Cyprus. He was previously Commander of the Turkish Land Forces (1972–1973) and General Commander of the Turkish Gendarmerie (1969–1970).
He was made a brigadier general in 1960,Major-General in 1963,lieutenant general in 1964 and was promoted to the rank of General in 1969. Commanded 4th Division as a brigadier general,also serving as Joint Chiefs of Staff Department and General Staff Operations Department,War Academies Commander attorney;with the rank of major general,5th Corps Commander attorney and Land Forces Operations Staff Yarbaşkanlıg As a lieutenant general,in the Army Education Corps Command and Commander 9th Corps. Gen. rank in the August 29,1969 - Gendarmerie General Command to August 29,1970;from 1970 until August 28,1972 commanded 2 Army Command. On August 28,1972 he was appointed Commander of the Turkish Land Forces.
On 6 March 1973,General Sancar was appointed as the 16th Chief of the General Staff and commanded the Turkish Armed Forces during Cyprus War.
At the request of Special Warfare Department head General Kemal Yamak,Sancar,then the Chief of General Staff,asked Bülent Ecevit for a slush fund of 1 million dollars to support the Counter-Guerrilla programme. [2] It was at that point Ecevit learned of its existence,and demanded a briefing. [3]
Jandarma İstihbarat ve Terörle Mücadele or Jandarma İstihbarat Teşkilatı is the intelligence department of the Turkish Gendarmerie. JİTEM was active in the Kurdish–Turkish conflict. After the Susurluk scandal,former prime ministers Bülent Ecevit and Mesut Yılmaz have confirmed the existence of JİTEM.
The Second Army of the Turkish Army has headquarters in Malatya. It protects Anatolia and it patrols the border with Syria,Iraq and Iran. Modern Turkish corps are referred to in TGS literature in Ottoman Turkish (1st) numerals. It is not clear when the change occurred. An arbitrary date of 1945 has been chosen as the point at which to start referring to corps in Ottoman Turkish numerals.
Counter-Guerrilla is a Turkish branch of Operation Gladio,a clandestine stay-behind anti-communist initiative backed by the United States as an expression of the Truman Doctrine. The founding goal of the operation was to erect a stay-behind guerrilla force to undermine a possible Soviet occupation. The goal was soon expanded to subverting communism in Turkey.
General Mehmet Yaşar Büyükanıt was the 25th Chief of the Turkish General Staff of the Turkish Armed Forces,from 28 August 2006 to 28 August 2008.
Hüseyin Kıvrıkoğlu is a retired Turkish general who was the 23rd commander of the Turkish Armed Forces and on August 30,1998,became Chief of the Turkish General Staff for a four-year term.
Melvin Zais was a United States Army general who served in the Second World War and Vietnam War.
The Special Forces Command is a corps of the Turkish Armed Forces,initially established as a brigade in 14 April 1992,operating directly under the Turkish General Staff. According to the Turkish Armed Forces (TAF) dress code,the ÖKK,also known as the Bordo Bereliler, are noteworthy for their distinctive maroon berets. Their task is to carry out special operations that exceed the capabilities of other military units.
Mehmet İlker Başbuğ is a Turkish former general who served as the 26th Chief of the General Staff of Turkey. He was charged with contravention of Articles 309,310,and 311 of the Turkish Penal Code. In August 2013,he was convicted on charges of "establishing and leading a terrorist organization" and "attempting to destroy the Turkish government or attempting to partially or completely prevent its functioning" and sentenced to life imprisonment as part of the Ergenekon trials. However,the Constitutional Court of Turkey determined that Başbuğ's legal rights were violated and overturned his conviction;he was released on 7 March 2014.
In Turkey,the deep state is a group of influential anti-democratic coalitions inside the Turkish political structure,composed of high-level elements within the intelligence services,the Turkish military,security agencies,the judiciary,and mafia. The political agenda of the deep state network purportedly involves an allegiance to nationalism,corporatism,and state interests. Violence and other means of pressure have historically been employed in a largely covert manner to manipulate political and economic elites,ensuring that specific interests are met within the seemingly democratic framework of the political landscape. Former president Süleyman Demirel said that central to the outlook and behavior of the predominantly military elites who constitute the deep state,is an effort to uphold national interests which have been shaped by an entrenched belief,dating back to the fall of the Ottoman Empire,that the country is always "on the brink".
Sebahattin Işık Koşaner is a Turkish former army general who served as the 27th Chief of the General Staff from 2010 to 2011.
Hayri Kıvrıkoğlu is a former general who served for the Turkish Army.
Necdet Özel is a Turkish general,who served as the 28th Chief of the General Staff of the Turkish Armed Forces. He also served as the commander of the Turkish Land Forces. Özel is only the second in this position not to have NATO experience.
The October 2011 Çukurca attacks are the PKK's attacks targeting Turkish Armed Forces units in Hakkâri's Çukurca district on October 19,2011. After midnight,200 PKK members opened fire on police and gendarmerie buildings and security points in the district center with heavy weapons,resulting in 24 Turkish soldiers killed and 18 wounded. Between 21 and 23 PKK militants were killed in the conflict,and around 250-270 PKK militants were killed in the post-conflict operations,and 210 were injured.
Ioannis Davos was a Hellenic Army officer who rose to the rank of full general,and held the posts of Chief of the Hellenic Army General Staff and of the Armed Forces High Command.
Kemal Yamak was Commander of the Turkish Army (1987–1989). He was previously head of the Special Warfare Department (1971–1974).
AytaçYalman was a Turkish general.
Ahmet Hurşit Tolon is a retired Turkish general who served as the Commander of the First Army of Turkey from 2004 to 2005. In August 2013 he was sentenced to aggravated life imprisonment as part of the Ergenekon trials.
Hulusi Akar is a retired four-star Turkish Armed Forces general who served as the Minister of National Defense from 2018 to 2023. He previously served as the 29th chief of the Turkish General Staff. Akar also served as a brigade commander in various NATO engagements including the International Security Assistance Force against the Taliban insurgency,Operation Deliberate Force during the Bosnian War,the Kosovo Force during the Kosovo War,as well as overseeing much of the Turkish involvement in the Syrian Civil War.
Ümit Dündar is a Turkish general who was temporarily Chief of the General Staff of the Turkish Armed Forces while Hulusi Akar was being held hostage by coup forces during the 2016 Turkish coup d'état attempt.
Semih Terzi was a general in the Turkish Army,who was shot at the headquarters of the Special Forces Command during the attempted Turkish coup d'état on 15 July 2016. He was taken to the Gülhane Military Medical Academy (GATA) at 06:01,four hours after he was shot and according to witness reports,he was able to sit and talk when he was first brought to the hospital;he was announced dead the next day.