 | |
| Industry | Shipping |
|---|---|
| Founded | 1882 |
| Defunct | 1975 |
| Fate | Defunct |
| Successor | Furness, Withy Co. Ltd. |
| Headquarters | , United Kingdom  |
Shaw, Savill & Albion Line was the shipping line of P Henderson & Company, a British shipping management that operated trans-British, Australian and New Zealand cargo and passenger routes when P Henderson's Albion Line merged with Shaw Savill Line in 1882, lasting till 1970 when Elder Dempster Lines chartered P Henderson fleets in 1947 till 1965 when Ocean Group plc acquired Elder, Dempster, till the Suez crisis when the last 3 Henderson ships were transferred to Elder, Dempster and the Henderson label phased out. [1] [2] [3]
Contents
History
The company was created in 1882 by the amalgamation of Shaw, Savill and Company and Albion Line. [3]
At the annual shareholders' meeting of the company on 12 April 1892, profits for the year of £35,270 16s 2d were announced. [4]
In 1928 White Star Line bought 18 Shaw, Savill and Albion ships. [5] In 1932 Shaw, Savill and Albion took over Aberdeen Line, and in 1933 Furness, Withy Co., Ltd. acquired control of Shaw, Savill and Albion. [6] In 1934 White Star merged with Cunard Line and gave up its routes to Australia and New Zealand, selling assets including the liners Ionic and Ceramic to Shaw, Savill and Albion.
Shaw, Savill and Albion ran refrigerated cargo liners between New Zealand and the UK via the Panama Canal. [7] [8] In the 1930s Harland and Wolff built for Shaw, Savill four 13,000 DWT refrigerated cargo motor ships: Waiwera and Waipawa launched in 1934, Wairangi launched in 1935 and Waimarama launched in 1938. As well as being unusually large for their era, the "W-class" were among the swiftest cargo ships in the World. On sea trials Waimarama achieved 20 knots (37 km/h). [9]
In 1936, Shaw, Savill and Albion announced plans to sell Ionic. [10] She was scrapped in 1936 or 1937 in Osaka, Japan. In 1939 the company introduced a new flagship, the 27,155 GRT QSMV Dominion Monarch. Her unique initials stood for "Quadruple Screw Motor Vessel".
In the Second World War Dominion Monarch was a highly successful troop ship. A U-boat sank Waiwera in June 1942. [11] The "W-class" refrigerated ships' unusually high speed led to both Wairangi and Waimarama being selected for Operation Pedestal to relieve Malta. Both were sunk by enemy action on 13 August 1942, [12] [13] the day before the convoy reached its destination. Waiwapa was the only member of the "W-class" to survive the war.
In 1955 Dominion Monarch was joined by a new flagship, the 20,204 GRT Southern Cross. The 24,731 GRT Northern Star replaced Dominion Monarch in 1962. As the scheduled liner trade declined, the company laid up Southern Cross in 1972, initially in the Port of Southampton, and after 6 months she sailed to the River Fal for further lay up until being sold to Greek interests in 1973; after a major transformation she reappeared as Calypso.
With the company losing money and the oil crisis of 1973 having a major effect on the company a decision was made to withdraw Northern Star and Ocean Monarch from service in 1975, with both ships being sold to Taiwanese breakers. Northern Star was only 13 years old when she was scrapped. With a long history of mechanical problems there was no potential purchaser of her.
A variation of the flag used by the United Tribes of New Zealand was used by the Shaw, Savill & Albion Line as its company flag. [14]
Related Research Articles
The White Star Line was a former British shipping line. Founded out of the remains of a defunct packet company, it gradually rose up to become one of the most prominent shipping companies in the world, providing passenger and cargo services between the British Empire and the United States. While many other shipping lines focused primarily on speed, White Star branded their services by focusing more on providing comfortable passages for both upper and lower class travellers.
The Blue Star Line was a British passenger and cargo shipping company formed in 1911, being in operation until 1998.
SS Ceramic was a steam ocean liner built in Belfast for White Star Line in 1912–13 and operated on the Liverpool – Australia route. Ceramic was the largest ship serving the route until P&O introduced RMS Mooltan in 1923.
P Henderson & Company, also known as Paddy Henderson, was a ship owning and management company based in Glasgow, Scotland and operating to Burma. Patrick Henderson started business in Glasgow as a merchant at the age of 25 in 1834. He had three brothers. Two were merchants working for an agent in the Italian port of Leghorn; the third, George, was a sea captain with his own ship.
SS Akaroa was a UK steam ocean liner and refrigerated cargo ship. She was launched in 1914 in Ireland as Euripides for Aberdeen Line. When new, she was the largest ship in the Aberdeen Line fleet.
The Aberdeen Line was a shipping company founded in 1825 by George Thompson of Aberdeen to take sailing vessels to the St. Lawrence river, carrying some passengers and returning with cargoes of timber. The business flourished and grew to 12 sailing vessels by 1837, travelling to South America, the Pacific, West Indies and the Mediterranean. In 1842 the line included a regular schedule from London to Australia.
SS Megantic was a UK transatlantic ocean liner that was built in Ireland and launched in 1908. She was one of a pair of sister ships that were ordered in 1907 by Dominion Line but completed for White Star Line.
Elder Dempster Lines was a UK shipping company that traded from 1932 to 2000, but had its origins in the mid-19th century.
SS Gothic was a passenger-cargo liner launched in December 1947, though not completed until a year later. She became the most famous of the quartet when she was designated a royal yacht from 1952 to 1954.
SS Ionic was a steam-powered ocean liner built in 1902 by Harland and Wolff in Belfast for the White Star Line. She was the second White Star Liner to be named Ionic and served on the United Kingdom – New Zealand route. Her sister ships were SS Athenic and SS Corinthic.
SS Doric was a British ocean liner operated by White Star Line. She was put into service in 1883. Built by the Harland and Wolff shipyards in Belfast, she was the sister ship of the Ionic which was put into service a few months earlier. Although the original purpose of the construction of the two ships was not known with certainty, both began their careers chartered by the New Zealand Shipping Co. which operated them on the route from London to Wellington.
SS Corinthic was a British passenger ship, built in 1902 by Harland & Wolff and launched for the British shipping companies White Star Line and Shaw, Savill & Albion Line. She was the second of the Athenic-class ocean liners built for passenger and cargo service between Britain and New Zealand. Her sister ships were SS Athenic (1902) and SS Ionic (1903).
SS Delphic was an ocean liner of the White Star Line, built by Harland and Wolff in Belfast and completed on 15 May 1897. She worked the New Zealand trade. She was a fairly slow ship primarily intended for transporting emigrants and goods to New Zealand. Despite this, she made her first crossings on the New York route before joining the route to New Zealand. For twenty years, her service on this route was uneventful, with the exception of troop transport missions during the Second Boer War.
Cunard-White Star Line, Ltd, was a British shipping line which existed between 1934 and 1949.
SS Ionic was a cargo liner initially in service with White Star Line from 1883 until 1900. She was used on the company's joint route to New Zealand with the Shaw, Savill & Albion Line. She was sold to the Aberdeen Line in 1900 and renamed SS Sophocles, and was withdrawn for service in 1906 and scrapped in 1908.
SS Themistocles was a UK steam ocean liner and refrigerated cargo ship. She was launched in 1910 in Ireland and scrapped in 1947 in Scotland. She was built for Aberdeen Line, White Star Line managed her for a few years, and she spent the latter part of her career with Shaw, Savill & Albion Line.
QSMV Dominion Monarch was a UK passenger and refrigerated cargo liner. Her name was a reference to the Dominion of New Zealand. The unusual prefix "QSMV" stood for quadruple-screw motor vessel.
SS New Australia was a UK-built turbo-electric passenger steamship that had a varied career from 1931 to 1966. She was built as the ocean liner Monarch of Bermuda, was a troop ship in the Second World War and was damaged by fire in 1947.
SS Tokomaru was a British steam cargo ship built in 1893 as Westmeath by C. S. Swan & Hunter of Wallsend for a Sunderland shipowner. The steamer was sold the following year to Shaw, Savill and Albion Steamship Company, renamed Tokomaru, and converted to a refrigerated ship for their New Zealand and Australian routes. In January 1915 the ship was torpedoed and sank off Le Havre, France.
MV Waimarama was a UK refrigerated cargo liner. She was built in Northern Ireland for Shaw, Savill & Albion Line and launched in 1938. She carried perishable foods, particularly meat, from New Zealand to the United Kingdom.
References
Notes
- ↑ De Kerbrech 1986.
- ↑ Waters 1961, p. 157.
- 1 2 "Shaw Savill & Albion Line (Est. 1882)". The Ocean Liner Virtual Museum. Retrieved 3 November 2012.
- ↑ "Shaw, Savill & Albion Company". The Evening Post . Wellington, NZ. 16 June 1892. p. 4. Retrieved 3 November 2012.
- ↑ "White Star Gets 18 Ships; Shaw, Savill & Albion Steamers Acquired by English Line". The New York Times . 29 March 1928. Retrieved 3 November 2012.
- ↑ "Essendon Obtains Another Ship Line; Chairman of Furness-Withy Gets Control of the Shaw, Savill & Albion Co. Possesses Record Fleet. Transportation Leader Now Guides More Than Forty Shipping and Affiliated Companies". The New York Times . 22 May 1933. Retrieved 3 November 2012.
- ↑ Harnack 1938, p. 575.
- ↑ Talbot-Booth 1942, p. 542.
- ↑ Wilson 1956, p. 185.
- ↑ "Ionic's Last Trips In Pacific Recall 33-Year Service". Christian Science Monitor . 9 September 1936. Retrieved 3 November 2012.
Announcement by the Shaw Savill & Albion Company that the liner Ionic is to be sold at the end of this year recalls the 50 years of the history of direct steam service between New Zealand and the homeland.
- ↑ Helgason, Guðmundur. "Waiwera". uboat.net. Retrieved 26 October 2020.
- ↑ "Wairangi". Shipping and Shipbuilding. North East Maritime Forum. Retrieved 26 October 2020.
- ↑ "Waimarama". Shipping and Shipbuilding. North East Maritime Forum. Retrieved 26 October 2020.
- ↑ Barraclough & Crampton 1978 [ page needed ]
Bibliography
- Barraclough, EMC; Crampton, WG (1978). Flags of the World. London: Frederick Warne & Co. ISBN 978-0723220152.[ page needed ]
- Bell, Andrew; Robinson, Murray (2011). Shaw Savill's Magnificent Seven: Corinthic, Athenic, Ceramic, Gothic, Persic, Runic, Suevic. Preston: Ships in Focus. ISBN 9781901703603.
- Bowen, Frank Charles (1939). The Flag of the Southern Cross: The History of Shaw Savill & Albion Co. Limited, 1858-1939. Liverpool: Shaw, Savill & Albion Co. OCLC 31641836.
- Bowen, Frank Charles (1947). The Flag of the Southern Cross: The History of Shaw Savill & Albion Co. Limited, 1939-1945. London: Shaw, Savill & Albion Co. OCLC 248911566.
- Bryant, Sir Arthur (1957). One Hundred Years under the Southern Cross: Shaw Savill Line. London: Shaw, Savill & Albion. OCLC 963707882.
- De Kerbrech, Richard P (1986). Shaw Savill & Albion: The Post-War Fortunes of a Shipping Empire. London: Conway Maritime Press. ISBN 0851773931.
- De Kerbrech, Richard P (1992). The Shaw Savill Line: Images in Mast, Steam and Motor. Ship Pictorial series. Coltishall: Ship Pictorial Publications. ISBN 0951603833.
- Harnack, Edwin P (1938) [1903]. All About Ships & Shipping (7th ed.). London: Faber and Faber.
- Savill, David (1986). Sail to New Zealand: The Story of Shaw Savill & Co., 1858-82. London: Robert Hale. ISBN 0709028091.
- Spong, Henry C; Osborne, Richard H (2011). Shaw, Savill & Albion: A Fleet History – incorporating the Albion Line; Shaw, Savill & Company; John Leslie; Walter Savill and his ships, Crusader Shipping Company; Aberdeen & Commonwealth Line. Windsor: World Ship Society. ISBN 9780956076939.
- Talbot-Booth, EC (1942) [1936]. Ships and the Sea (Seventh ed.). London: Sampson Low, Marston & Co Ltd.
- Waters, Sydney D (1961). Shaw Savill Line: One Hundred Years of Trading. Christchurch: Whitcombe and Tombs. LCCN 62035767.
- Wilson, RM (1956). The Big Ships. London: Cassell & Co.
- Swiggum, Susan; Kohli, Marjorie (14 July 2013). "Shaw, Savill & Company, London / Albion Line, Glasgow / John Leslie & Partners, Aberdeen / Shaw, Savill & Albion Line". TheShipsList. Retrieved 3 November 2012.
External links
Media related to Shaw, Savill and Albion Line at Wikimedia Commons