Sheep station

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Shearing shed, meat house and shearers' quarters, on a station, Northern Tablelands, New South Wales, Australia Shearing shed & quarters.JPG
Shearing shed, meat house and shearers' quarters, on a station, Northern Tablelands, New South Wales, Australia
Walter Peak sheep station, South Island, NZ Lake Wakatipu (Walter Peak).jpg
Walter Peak sheep station, South Island, NZ
Poddy lambs (orphaned lambs) drinking milk at a sheep station in rural Australia Poddy-lambs-at-a-sheep-station.JPG
Poddy lambs (orphaned lambs) drinking milk at a sheep station in rural Australia
Sheep grazing in rural Australia Sheep eating grass edit02.jpg
Sheep grazing in rural Australia

A sheep station is a large property (station, the equivalent of a ranch) in Australia or New Zealand, whose main activity is the raising of sheep for their wool and/or meat. In Australia, sheep stations are usually in the south-east or south-west of the country. In New Zealand the Merinos are usually in the high country of the South Island. These properties may be thousands of square kilometres in size and run low stocking rates to be able to sustainably provide enough feed and water for the stock.

Contents

In Australia, the owner of a sheep station may be called a pastoralist, a grazier, or formerly a squatter (as in "Waltzing Matilda"), when their sheep grazing land was referred to as a sheep run.

History

Sheep stations and sheep husbandry began in Australia when the British colonisers started raising sheep in 1788 at Sydney Cove. [1]

Improvements and facilities

In the Australian and New Zealand context, shearing involves an annual muster of sheep to be shorn, and the shearing shed and shearers' quarters are an important part of the station. A station usually also includes a homestead, adjacent sheds, windmills, dams, silos and in many cases a landing strip available for use by the Royal Flying Doctor Service and other light aircraft.

Historically, an outstation was a subsidiary homestead or other dwelling on Australian sheep or cattle stations that was more than a day’s return travel from the main homestead. [2] [3] Although the term later came to be more commonly used to describe a specific type of Aboriginal settlement, also known as a homeland community, it is still used on large cattle and sheep stations today, for example Rawlinna sheep station. [4]

Management and operation

Where the climate and vegetation allow, especially north of the dog fence, cattle stations are similar but run beef cattle rather than sheep. Some properties are not exclusively sheep or cattle stations but may have a mix of cattle, sheep, cropping and even goats which makes the owner less vulnerable to changes in wool or beef prices.

Management practices vary according to the location of the station and the season being experienced. For instance, drought necessitates decisions concerning the sale of stock or provision of supplementary feeding.

Routine procedures include supervising crutching, mating, shearing, treating for ticks, lice and maggots (if necessary), lambing and lamb marking. Lambs are weaned at about five months of age. Drenching for internal parasites is an important routine on a sheep station.

Other activities include ram buying and classing the sheep in order to determine the inferior types that are to be culled.

Crops and pastures are often also grown to provide additional feed for the sheep, especially those that will be raised and sold as prime lambs. Fences require regular inspections to locate and repair any damage that has been found. [5] Sheep breeders may also need to undertake predatory animal control if crows, dingos or foxes are likely to be a problem.

Terminology

The term "sheep run" was commonly used during the early settlement period to describe an unfenced tract of land operated by squatters, later used of a large station property, fenced or unfenced. [6]

For administrative purposes, many stations exist on pastoral leases, but in state government jurisdictions they are increasingly known as stations.[ further explanation needed ]

The term "playing for sheep stations" is used to denote a large or serious game, usually in the expression "we're not playing for sheep stations".[ citation needed ]

Examples

Rawlinna Station in Western Australia is the largest sheep station in Australia, covering about 10,117 square kilometres (3,906 sq mi) or 2.5 million acres. [7]

Walter Peak is a notable old sheep station that was founded in 1860 on the south shore of Lake Wakatipu, South Island, New Zealand. It is 13 kilometres (8.1 mi) across Lake Wakatipu from Queenstown, 40 minutes steaming time on the historic TSS Earnslaw steamship.[ citation needed ]

In literature

Two well-known nineteenth-century authors have written about life on a sheep station:

See also

Related Research Articles

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In Australia, a station is a large landholding used for producing livestock, predominantly cattle or sheep, that needs an extensive range of grazing land. The owner of a station is called a pastoralist or a grazier, corresponding to the North American term "rancher".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sheep farming</span> Animal husbandry

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Stockman (Australia)</span> Australian livestock herder

In Australia, a stockman is a person who looks after the livestock on a station, traditionally on horse. It has a similar meaning to "cowboy". A stockman may also be employed at an abattoir, feedlot, on a livestock export ship, or with a stock and station agency.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cattle station</span> Large Australian farm

In Australia and New Zealand, a cattle station is a large farm, the main activity of which is the rearing of cattle. The owner of a cattle station is called a grazier. The largest cattle station in the world is Anna Creek Station in South Australia, which covers an area of 23,677 square kilometres.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Muster (livestock)</span> Animal husbandry practice

A muster (Au/NZ) or a roundup (US/Ca) is the process of gathering livestock. Musters usually involve cattle, sheep or horses, but may also include goats, camels, buffalo or other animals. Mustering may be conducted for a variety of reasons including routine livestock health checks and treatments, branding, shearing, lamb marking, sale, feeding and transport or droving to another location. Mustering is a long, difficult and sometimes dangerous job, especially on the vast Australian cattle stations of the Top End, 'The Falls' (gorge) country of the Great Dividing Range and the ranches of the western United States. The group of animals gathered in a muster is referred to as a "mob" in Australia and a "herd" in North America.

Boolardy Station is a remote former sheep and cattle station in the Mid West (Murchison) region of Western Australia, about 194 km (121 mi) north-north-east of Pindar and 200 km (120 mi) west-south-west of Meekatharra. It is within the Shire of Murchison and situated on pastoral lease no. 3114/406. The area of the lease is 3,467.48 square kilometres (1,338.80 sq mi).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Glossary of sheep husbandry</span>

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De Grey Station is a pastoral lease, formerly a sheep station and now a cattle station, approximately 80 kilometres (50 mi) east of Port Hedland on the mouth of the De Grey River in the Pilbara region of Western Australia.

Credo is a former pastoral lease located about 70 kilometres (43 mi) north of Coolgardie in the Goldfields of Western Australia.

Cogla Downs Station is a pastoral lease and sheep station located in the Mid West region of Western Australia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rawlinna Station</span> Pastoral lease in Western Australia

Rawlinna Station is a pastoral lease and sheep station located about 339 kilometres (211 mi) east of Kambalda in the Goldfields-Esperance region of Western Australia. The locality of Rawlinna and the Trans-Australian Railway are situated along the boundary of the station. It is the largest sheep station in Australia.

Arubiddy Station is a pastoral lease that operates as a sheep station in Western Australia.

Canowie or Canowie Station was a former pastoral lease located about 18 kilometres (11 mi) north west of Hallett and 23 kilometres (14 mi) south west of Terowie in the state of South Australia.

Minilya Station, most often referred to as Minilya, is a pastoral lease currently operating as a cattle station that once operated as a sheep station in the Gascoyne region of Western Australia.

Beringarra Station, most commonly referred to as Beringarra, is a pastoral lease that once operated as a sheep station but is currently operating as a cattle station in Western Australia.

Balgair or Balgair Station is a pastoral lease, currently operating as a cattle station and previously as a sheep station. It is located about 25 kilometres (16 mi) west of Rawlinna and 374 kilometres (232 mi) east of Kambalda on the Nullarbor Plain in the Goldfields of Western Australia. The surface land system is described as a "deflated limestone plain" that has severe erosion in parts. Balgair is bordered to the south by Arubiddy Station and also shares a border with vacant crown land.

Wyloo Station, often referred to as Wyloo and previously known as Peake, is a pastoral lease that operates as a sheep station and cattle station.

Jumbuck Pastoral Company is an Australian company that operates numerous cattle stations and sheep stations in Western Australia, South Australia and the Northern Territory

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Parakylia</span> Pastoral lease in South Australia

Parakylia Station is a pastoral lease that once operated as a sheep station but now operates as a cattle station in outback South Australia.

Barwidgee Station is a pastoral lease that operates as a sheep station in Western Australia.

References

  1. ↑ "Sheep at Sheep Station; Houses and Woods in Background, Australia". World Digital Library . 1900–1923. Retrieved 4 July 2013.
  2. ↑ Myers, Fred; Peterson, Nicolas (January 2016). "1. The origins and history of outstations as Aboriginal life projects". In Peterson, Nicolas; Myers, Fred (eds.). Experiments in self-determination:Histories of the outstation movement in Australia (PDF). Monographs in Anthropology. ANU Press. p. 2. doi: 10.22459/ESD.01.2016 . ISBN   9781925022902 . Retrieved 2 August 2020.{{cite book}}: |website= ignored (help)
  3. ↑ "R7756 Cattle Creek outstation, 1962". Wave Hill walk-off. Retrieved 2 August 2020.
  4. ↑ Smith, Aidan (10 April 2018). "Rawlinna shears 64,000 sheep". Farm Weekly . Retrieved 16 August 2020.
  5. ↑ "Cunha, Ton J.". World Book Encyclopaedia . Vol. 24. USA: Field Enterprises. 1977. p. 1152. Wool production.
  6. ↑ Edward E. Morris (1898). Dictionary of Australian Words.
  7. ↑ Lucas, Jarrod (28 April 2023). "Twiggy Forrest's Fortescue set to buy Australia's biggest sheep station". ABC News. Retrieved 30 April 2023.
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