| Shiinoidae | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Copepoda |
| Order: | Cyclopoida |
| Suborder: | Ergasilida |
| Family: | Shiinoidae Cressey, 1975 |
| Genera and species | |
| |
Shiinoidae is a family of parasitic copepods found on marine teleosts. [1]
The family Shiinoidae consists of nine species of morphologically unusual copepods that parasitize marine teleosts. The body of shiinoids exhibits many cases of reduced segmentation and segmental fusions, including the complete loss of several appendages. Most strikingly, females in this family possess a pair of large antennae that are anteriorly directed and oppose a rostrum, which is formed from an outgrowth of cuticle between the antennules and can reach 30% of their body length. Together the antennae and the rostrum form a clasp that shiinoids use to attach to their teleost hosts, usually to gill-like tissue in the nostrils or, rarely, to the skin of their hosts. [2]
The first species in the family to be described was Shiinoa occlusa, a single immature female of which was discovered on the fish Scomberomorus commerson , and described by Kabata in 1968. [3] A second species, S. inauris, was found on Scomberomorus regalis and described by Roger Cressey in 1975, who also erected the family to hold the genus Shiinoa alone. A second genus was added in 1986, containing the single species Parashiinoa mackayi, which had been found on the fishes Pomadasys maculatus and P. argenteus . [4]
Nine species are now recognized in the two genera: [1] [5] [6] [2]
Siphonostomatoida is an order of copepods, containing around 75% of all the copepods that parasitise fishes. Their success has been linked to their possession of siphon-like mandibles and of a "frontal filament" to aid attachment to their hosts. Most are marine, but a few live in fresh water. There are 40 recognised families:
The Cyclopoida are an order of small crustaceans from the subclass Copepoda. Like many other copepods, members of Cyclopoida are small, planktonic animals living both in the sea and in freshwater habitats. They are capable of rapid movement. Their larval development is metamorphic, and the embryos are carried in paired or single sacs attached to first abdominal somite.
Poecilostomatoida is a suborder of copepods. Although it was previously considered a separate order, recent research showed it to be nested within the Cyclopoida.
Ergasilidae is a widespread family of copepods and comprises many species. The type genus is Ergasilus. With a few doubtful exceptions all ergasilids are parasitic on fishes.
Bomolochidae is a family of copepods parasitic on marine fishes. Most species parasitize the gills of fish, but some species live in the nostrils or on the eyes of their hosts. The family contains just over 150 species from the following genera:
Acantholochus is a genus of parasitic copepods belonging to the family Bomolochidae. Its members can only be distinguished from the closely related genus Hamaticolax by the absence of an accessory process on the claw of the maxillipeds.
Chondracanthidae is a family of parasitic copepods, usually found infecting the branchial chamber of demersal fishes. It comprises the following genera:
Pennellidae is a family of parasitic copepods. When anchored on a host, they have a portion of the body on the outside of the host, whereas the remaining anterior part of the parasite is hidden inside tissues of the host.
Caligus is a genus of sea lice in the family Caligidae. The species are parasites of marine fishes and could be vectors of viruses. As of 2017, the World Register of Marine Species includes the following species:
Lernaeocera branchialis, sometimes called cod worm, is a parasite of marine fish, found mainly in the North Atlantic. It is a marine copepod which starts life as a small pelagic crustacean larva. It is among the largest of copepods, ranging in size from 2 to 3 millimetres when it matures as a copepodid larva to more than 40 mm as a sessile adult.
Hamaticolax is a genus of parasitic copepods belonging to the family Bomolochidae. Its members can only be distinguished from the closely related genus Acantholochus by the presence of an accessory process on the claw of the maxillipeds. It includes the following species:
Nicothoe is a genus of copepods, containing the following species:
Lernaeopodidae is a family of parasitic copepods. The females are typically large and fleshy, and attach to the host permanently using a plug made of chitin called the bulla. The males cling on to the females using their antennae. They parasitize both marine and freshwater fish. Some lernaeopodids, including Clavella and Salmincola, can have negative impacts on fish in aquaculture.
Acanthochondria limandae is a species of copepods in the genus Acanthochondria. They are host-specific ectoparasites of two species of flatfish: the common dab and the European flounder. They attach themselves to the bases of the gill arches of their hosts. They can infest as much as 2 to 30% of fish in a given population.
Chondracanthus is a parasitic copepod genus in the family Chondracanthidae, containing the following species:
Eudactylinidae is a family of copepods, most of which live as parasites on the gills of elasmobranch fishes; two genera lives on the gills of teleost fishes.
Eudactylina is a genus of copepods. They parasitise elasmobranch fishes.
Peniculisa is a genus of marine parasitic copepods in the family Pennellidae.
Cardiodectes is a genus of copepods in the family Pennellidae. Species are parasites of fish.
Peniculus hokutoae is a species of parasitic pennellid copepod. It was described in 2018 from a single female. The type-host is the myctophid fish Symbolophorus evermanni and the type-locality is off Japan. The Japanese name of this species is hokuto-kozutsu-hijikimushi.
 | This copepod-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. |