| Siege of Kotla Begum | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of Mughal-Sikh Wars | |||||||
| |||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||
 First Sikh State | |||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||
| Unknown |  Mir Mohammad Attaullah Khan Mohabbat Khan Murtaza Khan Pahar Mal Haji Babar Beg Mir Inayat Ali Pir Mohammad Mirza Naki | ||||||
| Strength | |||||||
| 700 [1] | 50,000 [2] -60,000 [3] | ||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||
| Heavy | Heavy | ||||||
The Siege of Kotla Begum was fought in September 1710 between the Sikh forces and Mughal forces led by Mir Mohammad.
After Banda Singh Bahadur's return from the Battle of Saharanpur, the Muslims of the Lahore province started a jihad against the Sikhs. Thousands of Muslims gathered with a large green flag which was called the Haidri Jhanda (Flag of Haidar). [4] First a Sikh contingent hid in a fort in the village of Bharath. [5] The Sikhs after a long fight repulsed this party of Muslims and escaped. [6] After this, the Muslims got news about a party of Sikhs numbering 700 at Kotla Begum Fort and planned to besiege them. [7] [8]
When the Mughals arrived at the fort, the Sikhs immediately attacked them and a fierce battle ensued. When the battle escalated into a sword fight, the Mughals began taking heavy losses and decided to retreat. [1] Instead of pursuing the retreating Mughals, the Sikhs decided to plunder the remains of battle materials left behind by the Mughals and tend to their wounded. [9]
The Mughals, disappointed by their defeat put up camp at night in village Bhilowal. [10] The Sikhs attacked them and inflicted further heavy losses. [11] [12] [13] [14]
Mirza Muhammad Mu'azzam, commonly known as Bahadur Shah I and Shah Alam I, was the eighth Mughal Emperor from 1707 to 1712. He was the second son of the sixth Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb, who he conspired to overthrow in his youth. He was also governor of the imperial provinces of Agra, Kabul and Lahore and had to face revolts of Rajputs and Sikhs.
Banda Singh Bahadur, was a Sikh warrior and a general of the Khalsa Army. At age 15, he left home to become an ascetic, and was given the name Madho Das Bairagi. He established a monastery at Nānded, on the bank of the river Godāvarī. In 1707, Guru Gobind Singh accepted an invitation to meet Mughal Emperor Bahadur Shah I in southern India, he visited Banda Singh Bahadur in 1708. Banda became disciple of Guru Gobind Singh and was given a new name, Gurbaksh Singh(as written in Mahan Kosh), after the baptism ceremony. He is popularly known as Banda Singh Bahadur. He was given five arrows by the Guru as a blessing for the battles ahead. He came to Khanda, Sonipat and assembled a fighting force and led the struggle against the Mughal Empire.
Baba Darbara Singh, also known as Diwan Darbara Singh, was second Jathedar of Budha Dal and third leader of the Akal Takht. He should not be confused with other Darbara Singh of Sirhind who fought in the Battle of Anandpur.
The siege of Sirhind was fought between the Mughal Empire and Sikh forces in 1710. The Sikhs besieged, stormed, captured, plundered and razed the city of Sirhind after defeating and beheading Wazir Khan in the Battle of Chappar Chiri.
The Battle of Lohgarh was fought between the First Sikh State, and the Mughal Empire in 1710. The Mughal emperor Bahadur Shah's army moved towards Lohgarh, Bilaspur where they engaged with the Sikhs to capture the fort on 16 December 1710. The battle is noted for its use of guerilla tactics and being a pitched battle.
The Battle of Jammu was fought between the Sikhs under the command of Banda Singh Bahadur against the Mughal forces near the hills of Jammu on 22 January 1712. The Mughals were able to achieve victory against the Sikhs.
The Battle of Samana was fought between the Khalsa under the leadership of Banda Singh Bahadur and the Mughal Government of Samana in 1709. Following the battle, Banda Singh Bahadur shook the administration of Delhi.
The siege of Jalalabad occurred in 1710 between the Mughal forces of Jalal Khan and the Sikh forces of Banda Singh Bahadur. Banda Singh Bahadur attacked the Mughal stronghold of Jalalabad. The army opposing Banda Singh was composed of a sizeable number of the Mughal zamindars and shurafa, including many Sadat, Banda Singh Bahadur repelled Mughal and Pathan forces after four days from the battlefield and back into the town, but failed to capture the town and withdrew.
The Battle of Chappar Chiri, also called Battle of Sirhind, was fought between Mughal Empire and the Sikhs on 12 May 1710 at Chappar Chiri, located 20 kilometers from Sirhind.
The Battle of Rahon was fought between Sikhs and Mughal Empire on 11 October 1710.
The Battle of Sarai Nurdin was fought between the Khalsa's 2 Sikhs Bhai Bota and Bhai Garja Singh and the Mughal forces led by Subahdar (Governor) Zakariya Khan. This battle is one of the most important battles in Sikh history, and is one of the most significant battles after Banda Singh Bahadur's execution.
The Hill States–Sikh wars, also known as the Sikh–Pahari Raja wars, was a set of battles and conflicts fought by the Sikhs and the rajas (kings) of the Hill States located in the Sivalik Hills.
The siege of Ram Rauni was a 4 months siege fought between the Sikh forces led by Jassa Singh Ahluwalia and the Mughal forces of Adina Beg, Dewan Kaura Mal, Mirza Aziz Khan and Bakhshi Nasir Ali Khan Jalandri.
Banda Singh Bahadur's invasion of the Hill States was a Sikh military invasion of the Hill States.
The Battle of Rorī Sahib was fought in March 1746 by the Sikh forces led by Jassa Singh Ahluwalia and the Mughal forces led by Jaspat Rai.
The Battle of Bhilowal was fought in October 1710 by the Sikh forces led by Banda Singh Bahadur and the Mughal forces led by Mir Mohammad.
The Battle of Kapuri was fought in 1709 by Sikh forces led by Banda Singh Bahadur and Mughal forces led by Qadam-ud-din.
The Battle of Bilaspur was fought in 1711 by Sikh forces led by Banda Singh Bahadur and the rulers of the Sivalik Hills led by Raja Ajmer Chand of Princely State of Kahlur (Bilaspur).
The Battle of Ropar was fought in May 1710 by the Sikh forces led by Banda Singh Bahadur and the Mughal forces led by Sher Mohammad Khan of Malerkotla.
The First Sikh State was a breakaway and short lived sovereign Sikh state during the 18th century in the Punjab region of the Indian subcontinent that existed from 1709 to 1715. It was established by Banda Singh Bahadur after the Battle of Samana and lasted until his defeat in the Battle of Gurdas Nangal.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)