Sikakap

Last updated
Sikakap
Sub-district
COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Vissende vrouwen in straat Sikakap Mentawei-eilanden TMnr 10013489.jpg
View of the Sikakap Strait during Dutch rule
Indonesia Sumatra location map.svg
Red pog.svg
Sikakap
Map showing Sikakap in West Sumatra
Coordinates: 2°46′00″S100°13′01″E / 2.76667°S 100.21694°E / -2.76667; 100.21694
Country Indonesia
Province West Sumatra
Regency Mentawai Islands
Island North Pagai
Villages and hamlets
Matobe
Sikakap
  • Central Sikakap
    East Sikakap
    Sibaibai
Area
 • Water3,960 ha (9,790 acres)
Population
 (2016)
 • Total3,194
Medical team and SurfAid volunteers evacuating an injured man to Sikakap in October 2010 SurfAid evacuating an injured man (10727844806).jpg
Medical team and SurfAid volunteers evacuating an injured man to Sikakap in October 2010
A man in Sikakap in the early 20th century COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Een man met tatoeages te Sikakap Mentawai-eilanden TMnr 10005496.jpg
A man in Sikakap in the early 20th century

Sikakap is a sub-district [1] on the Indonesian island of North Pagai, in the Mentawai Islands off Sumatra. The sub-district contains both Sikakap and Matobe, while Sikakap village incorporates the hamlets of Central Sikakap, East Sikakap and Sibaibai. Overall, the total population was 3,194 as of 2016. [2] Also part of the sub-district is the Sikakap Strait between North and South Pagai, a designated Regional Marine Conservation Area. [3] The Strait, an area of 3,960 hectares (9,800 acres), has a coastal length of 19.79 kilometres (12.30 mi) and is a major contributor to West Sumatra's fishing industry. [4]

Contents

History

Dutch colonisation came relatively late to the Mentawai Islands. As Dutch officials had little interest in them, they called upon the Rhenish Missionary Society to begin the "civilisation" process. To that end, a German missionary, A. Lett, was appointed at Sikakap in 1901. His missionaries established a school nearby. From this initial settlement, the Dutch expanded into the other Mentawai Islands. [5]

There was a magnitude 7.5 tsunami in the area on 6 February 1908. [6]

Surrounding forests have been the site of heavy logging since the 1970s. [7]

Facilities

Sikakap, along with Tuapeijat, is one of the only places in the Mentawai Islands where electricity and telecommunications are available. [8] There is a hospital and a church in the village, [9] [10] as well as a harbor [11] (the main transport hub in the Mentawai islands [12] ) and a district police station. [13] The primary transport connection is a twice-weekly ferry, the KMP Ambu-ambu, which runs between Sikakap and Padang. [14] In 2007, Surfing Magazine described the sub-district as a "regular re-fuelling spot for charter boats". [15]

2010 earthquake and tsunami

Sikapap served as a centre for relief operations related to the 2010 Mentawai earthquake and tsunami. [16] [17] [18] Eyewitnesses reported that waves up to 2 metres (6.6 ft) high hit the sub-district. [19] Relief agencies and a government command post were based there during the crisis, [20] as it is the largest village on Sipura and Pagai. [21] Over 200 people sought assistance at the local hospital, more than it could take, [22] and the local church was converted into a makeshift medical center. [23] Military supplies for the hospital began arriving on 30 October. [24] A month later, displaced people were still living in tents in Sikakap, leading the government to announce the construction of 16 homes there, [25] as 17 had been heavily damaged. [26]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sumatra</span> Island in western Indonesia

Sumatra is one of the Sunda Islands of western Indonesia. It is the largest island that is fully within Indonesian territory, as well as the sixth-largest island in the world at 482,286.55 km2 (182,812 mi.2), including adjacent islands such as the Simeulue, Nias, Mentawai, Enggano, Riau Islands, Bangka Belitung and Krakatoa archipelago.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mentawai Islands Regency</span> Regency in West Sumatra, Indonesia

The Mentawai Islands Regency is a regency of West Sumatra Province which consists of a chain of about a hundred islands and islets approximately 150 kilometres off the western coast of Sumatra in Indonesia. They cover a land area of 5,980.76 km2 and had a population of 76,173 at the 2010 Census and 87,623 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as of mid-2023 was 91,427 - comprising 47,321 males and 44,106 females. Siberut at 3,877.9 square kilometres is the largest of the islands, occupying 64.64% of the land area of the regency. The other major islands are Sipura, North Pagai, and South Pagai. The islands lie off the Sumatran coast, across the Mentawai Strait. The indigenous inhabitants of the islands are known as the Mentawai people. The Mentawai Islands have become a noted destination for surfing, with over 40 boats offering surf charters to international guests.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Padang</span> City and capital of West Sumatra, Indonesia

Padang is the capital and largest city of the Indonesian province of West Sumatra. It had a population of 833,562 at the 2010 Census and 909,040 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as at mid 2023 was 942,938 - comprising 473,089 males and 469,849 females. It is the 16th most populous city in Indonesia and the most populous city on the west coast of Sumatra. The Padang metropolitan area is the third most populous metropolitan area in Sumatra with a population of over 1.7 million. Padang is widely known for its Minangkabau culture, cuisine, and sunset beaches.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami</span> Earthquake and subsequent tsunami in the Indian Ocean

On 26 December 2004, at 07:58:53 local time (UTC+7), a major earthquake with a magnitude of 9.2–9.3 Mw struck with an epicentre off the west coast of northern Sumatra, Indonesia. The undersea megathrust earthquake, known by the scientific community as the Sumatra–Andaman earthquake, was caused by a rupture along the fault between the Burma Plate and the Indian Plate, and reached a Mercalli intensity up to IX in some areas.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nias</span> Island off the west coast of Sumatra, Indonesia

Nias is an island located off the western coast of Sumatra, Indonesia. Nias is also the name of the archipelago of which the island is the centre, but also includes the Batu Islands to the southeast and the small Hinako Islands to the west. Nias Island covers an area of 5,573.27 km2 (2,151.85 sq mi). It is mostly a lowland area rising to around 800 m (2,600 ft) above sea level. There were 756,338 inhabitants on the island at the 2010 Census; at the 2015 Intermediate Census this had risen to 798,506 and the 2020 Census resulted in a total of 880,550. The official estimate as of mid-2023 was 930,294.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Effect of the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake on Indonesia</span>

Indonesia was the first country to be seriously affected by the earthquake and tsunami created by the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake on 26 December 2004, swamping the northern and western coastal areas of Sumatra, and the smaller outlying islands off Sumatra. Nearly all the casualties and damage took place within the province of Aceh. The time of arrival of the tsunami was between 15 and 30 minutes after the deadly earthquake. According to the country's National Disaster Relief Coordination Agency, around 130,000 people were dead and 37,063 were missing. In addition, the UN estimated that 655,000 people were homeless and sheltering in scattered refugee camps across the province.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sipora</span> Island in West Sumatra, Indonesia

Sipora located off Sumatra in the West Sumatra Province of Indonesia, is the second-smallest and most developed of the four Mentawai Islands at only 620.73 km2. It had a population of 17,557 at the 2010 Census and 21,901 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as at mid 2023 was 23,228. The regency capital of the Mentawai Islands, Tuapejat, is found on Sipora. An estimated 10-15% of the original rainforest remains on this island.

The Mentawai language is an Austronesian language, spoken by the Mentawai people of the Mentawai Islands, West Sumatra, Indonesia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2006 Pangandaran earthquake and tsunami</span> Destructive tsunami earthquake south of Java Island

An earthquake occurred on July 17, 2006, at 15:19:27 local time along a subduction zone off the coast of west and central Java, a large and densely populated island in the Indonesian archipelago. The shock had a moment magnitude of 7.7 and a maximum perceived intensity of IV (Light) in Jakarta, the capital and largest city of Indonesia. There were no direct effects of the earthquake's shaking due to its low intensity, and the large loss of life from the event was due to the resulting tsunami, which inundated a 300 km (190 mi) portion of the Java coast that had been unaffected by the earlier 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami that was off the coast of Sumatra. The July 2006 earthquake was also centered in the Indian Ocean, 180 kilometers (110 mi) from the coast of Java, and had a duration of more than three minutes.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">North Pagai</span> Island in West Sumatra, Indonesia

North Pagai is the smallest of the four principal Mentawai Islands off the west coast of Sumatra in Indonesia. It is south of Sipora and north of South Pagai Island.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">South Pagai</span> Island in West Sumatra, Indonesia

South Pagai is one of the Mentawai Islands of the west coast of Sumatra in Indonesia. The island is south of North Pagai Island. The population figure given for South Pagai refers to South Pagai District alone. The largely unpopulated south portion of Sikakap District covers the northern part of South Pagai Island, as well as various small islands in the strait between the two islands.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Simeulue</span> Island in Indonesia

Simeulue is an island of Indonesia, 150 kilometres (93 mi) off the west coast of Sumatra. It covers an area of 1,754 square kilometres, including minor offshore islands. It had a population of 80,674 at the 2010 census and 92,865 at the 2020 census. The official estimate as at mid 2021 was 93,762. Its capital is Sinabang.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">September 2007 Sumatra earthquakes</span> Earthquakes affecting Indonesia

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sunda megathrust</span> Geological feature

The Sunda megathrust is a fault that extends approximately 5,500 km (3300 mi) from Myanmar (Burma) in the north, running along the southwestern side of Sumatra, to the south of Java and Bali before terminating near Australia. It is a megathrust, located at a convergent plate boundary where it forms the interface between the overriding Eurasian plate and the subducting Indo-Australian plate. It is one of the most seismogenic structures on Earth, being responsible for many great and giant earthquakes, including the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami that killed over 227,000 people. The Sunda megathrust can be divided into the Andaman Megathrust, Sumatra(n) Megathrust and Java(n) Megathrust. The Bali-Sumbawa segment is much less active and therefore does not have the "megathrust" term associated with it.

The 1797 Sumatra earthquake occurred at 22:00 local time on February 10. It was the first in a series of great earthquakes that ruptured part of the Sumatran segment of the Sunda megathrust. It caused a damaging tsunami that was particularly severe near Padang, where a 150–200 t (330,000–440,000 lb) English ship was driven 1 km (0.62 mi) inland up the Arau River.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">April 2010 Sumatra earthquake</span> Earthquake in Indonesia

The April 2010 Sumatra earthquake occurred on April 7 at 5:15 AM local time with a moment magnitude of 7.8 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of V (Moderate). The shock occurred near the Banyak Islands, off the island of Sumatra in Indonesia. A tsunami watch was issued according to the Pacific Tsunami Warning Center in Honolulu which was later canceled. A 40 cm surge was reported in the Banyak Islands an hour after the quake, along with 62 injuries. Power outages were reported throughout the province of North Sumatra as well as in Aceh. This quake is one in a sequence of large earthquakes along the Sunda megathrust in the 2000s.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2010 Mentawai earthquake and tsunami</span> 2010 Indonesian earthquake and tsunami

The 2010 Mentawai earthquake occurred with a moment magnitude of 7.8 on 25 October off the western coast of Sumatra at 21:42 local time. The earthquake occurred on the same fault that produced the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake. It was widely felt across the provinces of Bengkulu and West Sumatra and resulted in a substantial localized tsunami that struck the Mentawai Islands.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2016 Sumatra earthquake</span> Earthquake off the coast of Sumatra, Indonesia

The 2016 Sumatra earthquake was a 7.8 magnitude earthquake which struck on 2 March 2016 in the Indian Ocean, approximately 800 kilometers southwest of Sumatra in Indonesia. Tsunami warnings were issued for Indonesia and Australia, but were withdrawn two hours later. There were no deaths directly related to the earthquake.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2004 Alor earthquake</span> Earthquake in Indonesia

The 2004 Alor earthquake occurred on the island of Alor at 21:26:41 UTC on 11 November. Alor is an island located in Indonesia, the largest island of the Alor Archipelago with almost 16,800 residents. The earthquake had a magnitude of 7.5, on the moment magnitude scale, and an epicenter on Alor at a depth of 10 km (6.2 mi). It was recorded on 301 stations. The epicenter of the earthquake was located 1,600 km (990 mi) east of the capital of Jakarta. Hundreds of homes and much infrastructure was damaged with 23 deaths and thousands of casualties.

References

  1. ↑ "FACTSHEET INDONESIA EARTHQUAKE & TSUNAMI" (PDF). European Commission . 28 October 2010.
  2. ↑ Putra, Aprizon; Mutmainah, Herdiana (November 2016). "The Mapping of Temporary Evacuation Site (TES) and Tsunami Evacuation Route in North Pagai Island, Mentawai Islands Regency – Indonesia". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 47 (1): 012020. Bibcode:2016E&ES...47a2020P. doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/47/1/012020 . ISSN   1755-1307.
  3. ↑ Rizal, Achmad; Nurruhwati, Isni (2020). "Diversity of Sea Cucumber Based on the Characteristics of Habitat Sikakap Strait Water Area, Mentawai Island District, Indonesia". World Scientific News. 145: 379–396. ISSN   2392-2192.
  4. ↑ Rizal, Achmad; Dewanti, Lantun Paradhita (2017-02-13). "Using economic values to evaluate management options for fish biodiversity in the Sikakap Strait, Indonesia". Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity. 18 (2): 575–581. doi: 10.13057/biodiv/d180218 . ISSN   2085-4722.
  5. ↑ Persoon, Gerard A. (2014-01-01), Barendregt, Bart; Bogaerts, E. (eds.), "3. 'Queen Wilhelmina, Mother of the Mentawaians': The Dutch National Anthem in Indonesia and as Part of the Music Culture of Siberut", Recollecting Resonances, BRILL, pp. 61–86, doi: 10.1163/9789004258594_004 , hdl: 20.500.11755/7528d287-74e1-4aa7-ae52-1c2cdd1906d2 , ISBN   978-90-04-25859-4 , retrieved 2020-09-13
  6. ↑ "SIKAKAP". Indian Ocean Tsunami Information Center. Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission . Retrieved 2020-09-13.
  7. ↑ "Illegal log exports from Mentawai Islands | Down to Earth". www.downtoearth-indonesia.org. February 2000. Retrieved 2020-09-13.
  8. ↑ Syamsidik; Istiyanto, Dinar Catur (May 2013). "Tsunami Mitigation Measures for Tsunami Prone Small Islands: Lessons Learned from the 2010 Tsunami Around the Mentawai Islands of Indonesia". Journal of Earthquake and Tsunami. 07 (1): 1350002. doi:10.1142/S1793431113500024. ISSN   1793-4311.
  9. ↑ "Wounded survivors receive medical treatment at a local hospital in the village of Sikakap on North Pagai island". ABC News (Australia) . 2010-10-30. Retrieved 2020-09-13.
  10. ↑ "Indonesia tsunami: aid for victims of the deadly tidal wave begins to arrive on remote islands off Sumatra". The Telegraph. 29 October 2010. Retrieved 2020-09-13. a hospital in Sikakap [...] a makeshift hospital at a church in Sikakap
  11. ↑ "Mentawai Tsunami Incident Report : Waterways Surf Adventures | Surf Travel, Surf Trips". www.waterwaystravel.com. Retrieved 2020-09-13. Freedom 3 went to the nearby port of Sikakap...
  12. ↑ "USAID-OFDA Indonesia Volcano and Tsunami Fact Sheet #1 11/8/2010" (PDF). USAID . November 8, 2010. p. 2. Sikakap—the main port in Mentawai—
  13. ↑ "Tsunami: 160 missing". Independent Online (South Africa) . October 26, 2010. Retrieved 2020-09-13. a police officer at Sikakap district police station...
  14. ↑ Mafrudoh, Lut; Gultom, Simon; Pratiwi, Sekar Widyastuti; Widiyanto, Prima (2018). "The Accessibility of Transportation to Support Tourism in the Municipality of Mentawai Islands". Proceedings of the Conference on Global Research on Sustainable Transport (GROST 2017). Jakarta, Indonesia: Atlantis Press. doi: 10.2991/grost-17.2018.22 . ISBN   978-94-6252-449-1. While KMP Ambu-ambu serves routes from Padang (Bungus) – Sikakap on Saturdays and Tuesdays.
  15. ↑ "24 Hour Shakedown In Sumatra". Surfer. 2007-09-13. Retrieved 2020-09-13.
  16. ↑ Weaver, Matthew; agencies (2010-10-27). "Race is on to save 500 victims of Indonesia double disaster". The Guardian. ISSN   0261-3077 . Retrieved 2020-09-13.
  17. ↑ "Tsunami death toll rises in Indonesia". Channel 4 News. 2010-10-28. Retrieved 2020-09-13.
  18. ↑ Booth, Toni O'Loughlin Robert; Weaver, Matthew (2010-10-27). "Indonesia death toll reaches 300 with more feared after twin disasters". The Guardian. ISSN   0261-3077 . Retrieved 2020-09-13.
  19. ↑ "Indonesia: World Vision emergency team covering two disasters in 24 hours – Indonesia". ReliefWeb. 26 Oct 2010. Retrieved 2020-09-13.
  20. ↑ "Tsunami survivors left to fend for themselves". www.aljazeera.com. 31 Oct 2010. Retrieved 2020-09-13.
  21. ↑ "Korban tsunami Mentawai tunggu helikopter". BBC News Indonesia (in Indonesian). 2010-10-30. Retrieved 2020-09-13.
  22. ↑ "Aid trickles into Indonesia quake and tsunami zone as toll mounts". www.cnn.com. October 29, 2010. Retrieved 2020-09-13.
  23. ↑ Hancocks, Paula (November 1, 2010). "Pain, incomprehension for tsunami survivors". www.cnn.com. Retrieved 2020-09-13.
  24. ↑ "Indonesians flee hot ash again". Canadian Broadcasting Corporation . Oct 30, 2010.
  25. ↑ "Tsunami survivors still lack adequate shelter". The New Humanitarian . 2010-11-26. Retrieved 2020-09-13.
  26. ↑ Andespa, Deri; Fauzi, Ahmad (April 2019). "Analysis of senior high school student preparedness in dealing with earthquake disaster in the Mentawai island". Journal of Physics: Conference Series . 1185 (1): 012081. Bibcode:2019JPhCS1185a2081A. doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/1185/1/012081 . ISSN   1742-6588.

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