Simacauda dicommatias | |
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Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Arthropoda |
Class: | Insecta |
Order: | Lepidoptera |
Family: | Incurvariidae |
Genus: | Simacauda |
Species: | S. dicommatias |
Binomial name | |
Simacauda dicommatias (Meyrick, 1931) | |
Synonyms | |
Lampronia dicommatiasMeyrick, 1931 |
Simacauda dicommatias is a moth of the family Incurvariidae found in South America. It was described by the English amateur entomologist, Edward Meyrick in 1931. The larvae are leaf miners and feed within the leaves of Chilean myrtle ( Luma apiculata ). In 2020 leaf mines were found at Trengwainton Garden, Cornwall; the first known occurrence in Europe.
Eggs have not been observed but are likely to be inserted into the underside of a leaf of Chilean myrtle, preferring new growth towards the end of a stem. [1]
The larvae mine the leaves, initially in a long gallery filled with black frass and often cross the midrib. The mine terminates in a small, irregular blotch often at, or near the edge or tip. Larvae then leave the mine making a larval case from the blotch; it then makes a further two cases from leaves. In Cornwall the species is univoltine with tenanted mines found in late March, late June and in the autumn. Larvae have not been found in Argentina or Chile. [2]
The larva pupates in the third case which, is away from the feeding area and attached to the underside of a leaf. [1]
Simacauda dicommatias is similar to Psychoides filicivora and care should be taken when recording either species in Cornwall where both larval foodplants occur. [1]
In Cornwall, larvae have been found at twenty-six sites on Chilean myrtle. At one site cases were also found on white Chilean myrtle ( Luma chequen ), and another on an unidentified Myrtaceae, but could be Myrceugenia ovata . [1]
So far, two parasitoids have been found in Cornish larval cases. Pnigalio soemius was reared from a larval case found at Trelissick in December 2020 and Enytus apostata , an ichneumon found in a larval case at Trengwainton Garden in June 2021. [1]
Simacauda dicommatias is native to temperate Andean forests in Argentina and Chile. In 2020, larval feeding signs were found in Cornwall, Great Britain; the first known record of this species for the UK and mainland Europe. [1] [2]
Eriocrania semipurpurella is a moth of the family Eriocraniidae, found from Europe to Japan and in North America. It was first described by James Francis Stephens in 1835. The species closely resembles Eriocrania sangii and the larvae of both species mine the leaves of birch.
Tebenna micalis, also known as the small thistle moth, is a species of moth in the family Choreutidae found worldwide. It was first described by the German Bohemian entomologist, Joseph Johann Mann in 1857.
Prays fraxinella, also known as the ash bud moth, is a moth of the family Plutellidae found in Europe. The larvae are leaf miners, feeding on the leaves and buds of ash trees.
Eriocrania sangii, the large birch purple, is a moth of the family Eriocraniidae found in Europe and described by John Henry Wood in 1891. The moth can be found flying in sunshine around birch trees and the larvae feed on birch leaves.
Eriocrania cicatricella is a moth of the family Eriocraniidae found in Europe. It was first described by Johan Wilhelm Zetterstedt in 1839. The larvae mine the leaves of birch.
Eriocrania sparrmannella also known as the mottled purple is a moth of the family Eriocraniidae, found in Europe and Japan. It was first described by the French entomologist, Louis Augustin Guillaume Bosc in 1791. The specific name honours the Swedish naturalist Anders Erikson Sparrman. The larvae mine the leaves of birch.
Eriocrania unimaculella is a moth of the family Eriocraniidae found in Europe. It was first described by the Swedish naturalist Johan Wilhelm Zetterstedt in 1839. The larvae feed inside the leaves of birch, making a mine.
Parornix anglicella is a moth of the family Gracillariidae found in Asia and Europe. It was described in 1850, by the English entomologist Henry Tibbats Stainton, from a specimen from Lewisham, Kent.
Philocryptica is a monotypic genus of moths belonging to the subfamily Tortricinae of the family Tortricidae. It contains only one species, Philocryptica polypodii, the leather-leaf star-miner, which is endemic to New Zealand. This species has been recorded in both the North Island and the South Island, as far south as Banks Peninsula. The preferred habitat of this species is native forest where the species' larval host is present. The larvae feed on Pyrrosia eleagnifolia, mining the host plant leaves. P. polypodii pupates within the final blotch-mine. Adults are on the wing in November and December.
Phylloporia bistrigella is a moth of the family Incurvariidae. It is found in western, northern and central Europe and north-eastern North America.
Stigmella plagicolella is a moth of the family Nepticulidae described by Henry Tibbats Stainton in 1854. It is found in all of Europe and the Near East.
Stigmella sorbi is a moth of the family Nepticulidae, described by Henry Tibbats Stainton in 1861. It is found in most of Europe, east to the eastern part of the Palearctic realm.
Stigmella salicis is a moth of the family Nepticulidae which is found in Europe. It was first described by the English entomologist, Henry Stainton in 1854. The type locality is from England.
Ectoedemia turbidella is a moth of the family Nepticulidae and is found in most of Europe. The larva mine the leaves of poplar trees and was first described by the German entomologist Philipp Christoph Zeller in 1848.
Ectoedemia atricollis is a moth of the family Nepticulidae found in Asia and Europe. It was described by the English entomologist Henry Tibbats Stainton in 1857.
Bucculatrix thoracella, the lime bent-wing, is species of moth in the family Bucculatricidae, and was first described in 1794 by Carl Peter Thunberg as Tinea thoracella. It is found throughout Europe with exception of Ireland and the Balkan Peninsula, and in Japan, where it occurs on the islands of Hokkaido and Honshu.
Incurvaria praelatella is a moth of the family Incurvariidae. It is found in all of Europe, except the Iberian Peninsula.
Parornix torquillella is a moth of the family Gracillariidae found in Europe. The larvae mine the leaves of Prunus species, such as blackthorn. It was described by the German entomologist Philipp Christoph Zeller in 1850, from specimens found in Florence, Leghorn and Pisa.
Coleophora ledi is a moth of the family Coleophoridae. It is found from Fennoscandia and northern Russia to the Pyrenees and the Alps. In the east, it ranges to Japan. Outside of Eurasia, it is known from North America where it is found in eastern Canada, Michigan, and Alaska.
Coptotriche marginea is a moth of the family Tischeriidae, found in most of Europe. It was named by the English botanist, carcinologist and entomologist, Adrian Hardy Haworth in 1828, from a specimen found in England. The larvae mine the leaves of brambles (Rubus) species.