Related Research Articles
Self-esteem is confidence in one's own worth,abilities,or morals. Self-esteem encompasses beliefs about oneself as well as emotional states,such as triumph,despair,pride,and shame. Smith and Mackie define it by saying "The self-concept is what we think about the self;self-esteem,is the positive or negative evaluations of the self,as in how we feel about it ."
Narcissistic personality disorder (NPD) is a personality disorder characterized by a life-long pattern of exaggerated feelings of self-importance,an excessive need for admiration,and a diminished ability to empathize with other people's feelings. Narcissistic personality disorder is one of the sub-types of the broader category known as personality disorders. It is often comorbid with other mental disorders and associated with significant functional impairment and psychosocial disability.
In social psychology,fundamental attribution error,also known as correspondence bias or attribution effect,is a cognitive attribution bias in which observers underemphasize situational and environmental factors for the behavior of an actor while overemphasizing dispositional or personality factors. In other words,observers tend to overattribute the behaviors of others to their personality and underattribute them to the situation or context. Although personality traits and predispositions are considered to be observable facts in psychology,the fundamental attribution error is an error because it misinterprets their effects.
A social skill is any competence facilitating interaction and communication with others where social rules and relations are created,communicated,and changed in verbal and nonverbal ways. The process of learning these skills is called socialization. Lack of such skills can cause social awkwardness.
Narcissism is a self–centered personality style characterized as having an excessive preoccupation with oneself and one's own needs,often at the expense of others.
Malignant narcissism is a psychological syndrome comprising an extreme mix of narcissism,antisocial behavior,aggression,and sadism. Grandiose,and always ready to raise hostility levels,the malignant narcissist undermines families and organizations in which they are involved,and dehumanizes the people with whom they associate.
The dark triad is a psychological theory of personality,first published by Delroy L. Paulhus and Kevin M. Williams in 2002,that describes three notably offensive,but non-pathological personality types:Machiavellianism,sub-clinical narcissism,and sub-clinical psychopathy. Each of these personality types is called dark because each is considered to contain malevolent qualities.
Impression formation in social psychology refers to the processes by which different pieces of knowledge about another are combined into a global or summary impression. Social psychologist Solomon Asch is credited with the seminal research on impression formation and conducted research on how individuals integrate information about personality traits. Two major theories have been proposed to explain how this process of integration takes place. The Gestalt approach views the formation of a general impression as the sum of several interrelated impressions. As an individual seeks to form a coherent and meaningful impression of another individual,previous impressions significantly influence the interpretation of subsequent information. In contrast to the Gestalt approach,the cognitive algebra approach asserts that individuals' experiences are combined with previous evaluations to form a constantly changing impression of a person. A related area to impression formation is the study of person perception,making dispositional attributions,and then adjusting those inferences based on the information available.
In psychology,grandiosity is a sense of superiority,uniqueness,or invulnerability that is unrealistic and not based on personal capability. It may be expressed by exaggerated beliefs regarding one's abilities,the belief that few other people have anything in common with oneself,and that one can only be understood by a few,very special people. The personality trait of grandiosity is principally associated with narcissistic personality disorder (NPD),but also is a feature in the occurrence and expression of antisocial personality disorder,and the manic and hypomanic episodes of bipolar disorder.
In psychology,manipulation is defined as subterfuge designed to influence or control another,usually in a underhanded manner which facilitates one's personal aims. Methods used to distort the individual's perception of reality may include seduction,suggestion,persuasion and blackmail to induce submission. Usage of the term varies depending on which behavior is specifically included,whether referring to the general population or used in clinical contexts. Manipulation is generally considered a dishonest form of social influence as it is used at the expense of others.
A narcissistic parent is a parent affected by narcissism or narcissistic personality disorder. Typically,narcissistic parents are exclusively and possessively close to their children and are threatened by their children's growing independence. This results in a pattern of narcissistic attachment,with the parent considering that the child exists solely to fulfill the parent's needs and wishes. A narcissistic parent will often try to control their children with threats and emotional abuse. Narcissistic parenting adversely affects the psychological development of children,affecting their reasoning and their emotional,ethical,and societal behaviors and attitudes. Personal boundaries are often disregarded with the goal of molding and manipulating the child to satisfy the parent's expectations.
Healthy narcissism is a positive sense of self that is in alignment with the greater good. The concept of healthy narcissism was first coined by Paul Federn and gained prominence in the 1970s through the research of Heinz Kohut and Otto Kernberg. It developed slowly out of the psychoanalytic tradition,and became popular in the late twentieth century.
In social psychology,collective narcissism is the tendency to exaggerate the positive image and importance of a group to which one belongs. The group may be defined by ideology,race,political beliefs/stance,religion,sexual orientation,social class,language,nationality,employment status,education level,cultural values,or any other ingroup. While the classic definition of narcissism focuses on the individual,collective narcissism extends this concept to similar excessively high opinions of a person's social group,and suggests that a group can function as a narcissistic entity.
Personality judgment is the process by which people perceive each other's personalities through acquisition of certain information about others,or meeting others in person. The purpose of studying personality judgment is to understand past behavior exhibited by individuals and predict future behavior. Theories concerning personality judgment focus on the accuracy of personality judgments and the effects of personality judgments on various aspects of social interactions. Determining how people judge personality is important because personality judgments often influence individuals' behaviors.
Narcissism in the workplace involves the impact of narcissistic employees and managers in workplace settings.
Machiavellianism in the workplace is a concept studied by many organizational psychologists. Conceptualized originally by Richard Christie and Florence Geis,Machiavellianism refers to a psychological trait concept where individuals behave in a cold and duplicitous manner. It has in recent times been adapted and applied to the context of the workplace and organizations by many writers and academics.
A zero-acquaintance situation requires a perceiver to make a judgment about a target with whom the perceiver has had no prior social interaction. These judgments can be made using a variety of cues,including brief interactions with the target,video recordings of the target,photographs of the target,and observations of the target's personal environments,among others. In zero-acquaintance studies,the target's actual personality is determined through the target's self-rating and/or ratings from close acquaintance(s) of that target. Consensus in ratings is determined by how consistently perceivers rate the target's personality when compared to other raters. Accuracy in ratings is determined by how well perceivers' ratings of a target compare to that target's self-ratings on the same scale,or to that target's close acquaintances' ratings of the target. Zero-acquaintance judgments are regularly made in day-to-day life. Given that these judgments tend to remain stable,even as the length of interaction increases,they can influence important interpersonal outcomes.
In gender studies,the analysis of gender differences in narcissism shows that male narcissism and female narcissism differ in a number of aspects.
In the field of personality psychology,Machiavellianism is the name of a personality trait construct characterized by interpersonal manipulation,indifference to morality,lack of empathy,and a strategic focus on self-interest. Psychologists Richard Christie and Florence Geis named the construct after NiccolòMachiavelli,as they used edited statements inspired by his works to study variations in human behaviors. Their Mach IV test,a 20-question,Likert-scale personality survey,became the standard self-assessment tool and scale of the Machiavellianism construct. Those who score high on the scale are more likely to have a high level of manipulativeness,deceitfulness and a cynical,unemotional temperament.
Peter Jason Rentfrow is professor of personality and individual differences in the Psychology Department at Cambridge University,where he directs the Social Dynamics Research Center. He is an elected Fellow of the Association for Psychological Science,the Society for Personality and Social Psychology,and the Alan Turing Institute.
References
- ↑ PROFESSOR SIMINE VAZIRE Professor of Psychology Ethics, University of Melbourne, accessed 2021-11-09
- ↑ "Simine Vazire: Award for Distinguished Scientific Early Career Contributions to Psychology". American Psychologist. 70 (8): 712–714. 2015. doi:10.1037/a0039778. PMID 26618953.
- ↑ "Simine Vazire". Association for Psychological Science. Retrieved 2017-12-09.
- ↑ "SAGE Young Scholars Awards". www.foundationpsp.org. Retrieved 2017-12-09.
- ↑ "Society of Self and Identity – Awards". www.issiweb.org. Retrieved 2017-12-09.
- ↑ How the reform-minded new editor of psychology's flagship journal will shake things up (Report). 2023-10-13. doi:10.1126/science.adl3638.
- ↑ "Board – Society for the Improvement of Psychological Science". improvingpsych.org. Retrieved 2017-12-09.
- ↑ "Collabra: Psychology". www.collabra.org. Retrieved 2017-12-09.
- ↑ "Board of Directors". Association for Psychological Science. Retrieved 2017-12-09.
- ↑ "Social Psychological and Personality Science | SAGE Publications Inc". us.sagepub.com. 2015-10-28. Retrieved 2017-12-09.
- ↑ Handbook of self-knowledge. Vazire, Simine., Wilson, Timothy D. New York, NY: Guilford Press. 2012. ISBN 978-1462505111. OCLC 767562750.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link) - ↑ @siminevazire (January 27, 2017). "My dad, Iranian, was studying in France during revolution. We immigrated to US. I'm a scientist & prof at UC Davis. #immigrantexcellence" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
- ↑ Vazire, Simine (2006). The person from the inside and outside (Thesis).
- ↑ "Simine Vazire – People in the Social Science Departments at UC Davis". mindbrain.ucdavis.edu. Retrieved 2019-10-31.
- ↑ "Simine Vazire: Studying Self-Knowledge – Psychology". psychology.ucdavis.edu. Retrieved 2017-12-28.
- ↑ "Deciphering moral behavior". Wake Forest News. 2011-09-28. Retrieved 2017-12-08.
- ↑ Solomon, Brittany C.; Vazire, Simine (2016). "Knowledge of identity and reputation: Do people have knowledge of others' perceptions?". Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 111 (3): 341–366. doi: 10.1037/pspi0000061 . PMID 27414235.
- ↑ Vazire, S. (2010). Who knows what about a person? The self–other knowledge asymmetry (SOKA) model. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 98(2), 281-300.
- ↑ Vazire, Simine; Naumann, Laura P.; Rentfrow, Peter J.; Gosling, Samuel D. (2008). "Portrait of a narcissist: Manifestations of narcissism in physical appearance". Journal of Research in Personality. 42 (6): 1439–1447. doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2008.06.007.
- ↑ Vazire, Simine; Funder, David C. (2016-12-21). "Impulsivity and the Self-Defeating Behavior of Narcissists". Personality and Social Psychology Review. 10 (2): 154–165. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.419.6963 . doi:10.1207/s15327957pspr1002_4. PMID 16768652. S2CID 1924100.
- ↑ Mehl, Matthias R.; Pennebaker, James W.; Crow, D. Michael; Dabbs, James; Price, John H. (2001-11-01). "The Electronically Activated Recorder (EAR): A device for sampling naturalistic daily activities and conversations". Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers. 33 (4): 517–523. doi: 10.3758/BF03195410 . ISSN 0743-3808. PMID 11816455.
- ↑ Holtzman, Nicholas S.; Vazire, Simine; Mehl, Matthias R. (2010). "Sounds like a narcissist: Behavioral manifestations of narcissism in everyday life". Journal of Research in Personality. 44 (4): 478–484. doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2010.06.001. PMC 2918908 . PMID 20711512.
- ↑ Back, Mitja D.; Stopfer, Juliane M.; Vazire, Simine; Gaddis, Sam; Schmukle, Stefan C.; Egloff, Boris; Gosling, Samuel D. (2010-01-29). "Facebook Profiles Reflect Actual Personality, Not Self-Idealization". Psychological Science. 21 (3): 372–374. doi:10.1177/0956797609360756. PMID 20424071. S2CID 425347.
- ↑ Vazire, Simine; Gosling, Samuel D. (2004). "e-Perceptions: Personality Impressions Based on Personal Websites". Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 87 (1): 123–132. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.87.1.123. PMID 15250797.
- ↑ Manago, Adriana M.; Graham, Michael B.; Greenfield, Patricia M.; Salimkhan, Goldie (2008). "Self-presentation and gender on MySpace". Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology. 29 (6): 446–458. doi:10.1016/j.appdev.2008.07.001. S2CID 43442440.
