| Sonom | |
|---|---|
| lord-lama of Chuchen (Greater Jinchuan) | |
| Reign | c. 1766 – 1776 |
| Predecessor | Langkya |
| Successor | annexed by Qing China |
| Born | ? Chuchen |
| Died | c. June 13–14, 1776  Beijing, Qing China |
| Father | Langkya |
| Mother | Atsang |
- ↑ Langkya: Chinese :郎卡; pinyin :Lángkǎ; Wade–Giles :Lang-k'a
- ↑ Atsang: 阿倉; Ācāng; A-ts'ang
- ↑ Slob dpon rgyal bdak or Shaloben Gangdak: 莎羅奔岡達克; 莎罗奔冈达克; Shāluóbēn Gāngdákè; Sha-lo-pen Kang-ta-k'o
- ↑ Jinchuan suoji: 金川瑣記; 金川琐记; Jīnchuān Suǒjì; Chin-ch'uan So-chi - It is within Congshu jicheng (叢書集成; 丛书集成; Cóngshū Jíchéng; Ts'ung-shu Chi-ch'eng) Volume 3199 [5]
- ↑ Li Xinheng: 李心衡; Lǐ Xīnhéng; Li Hsin-heng
- ↑ Skal bzang or Senggesang: 僧格桑; Sēnggésāng; Seng-ko-sang
- ↑ Leržirhi勒爾日爾習; 勒尔日尔习; Lèěrrìěrxí; Le-erh-jih-erh-hsi
- ↑ Atsing: 阿青; Āqīng; A-ch'ing
- ↑ Dundju Wangdjar敦珠汪札爾; 敦珠汪札尔; Dūnzhū Wāngzháěr; Tun-chu Wang-cha-erh
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References
- Entenmann, Robert (St. Olaf College). "The Myth of Sonom, the Hmong King" (Archive). Hmong Studies Journal , Volume 6, 2005. p. 1. Retrieved on July 11, 2014.
- Theobald, Ulrich. "The Second Jinchuan Campaign (1771 – 1776) Economic, Social and Political Aspects of an Important Qing Period Border War" (Archive) (PhD thesis). University of Tübingen, 2010.
Citations
- 1 2 3 Entenmann, p. 4.
- 1 2 Theobald, Ulrich. War Finance and Logistics in Late Imperial China: A Study of the Second Jinchuan Campaign (1771–1776) (Monies, Markets, and Finance in East Asia, 1600-1900). BRILL, July 11, 2013. ISBN 9004255672, 9789004255678. p. 20.
- 1 2 3 4 5 Theobald, "The Second Jinchuan Campaign," p. 60 (PDF 70/458). "Senggesang was supported by two of his relatives in Greater Jinchuan, Sonom 索諾木 and Langyka, who both wrote official reports to the imperial court to defend their aggressions." and "Langkya in Greater Jinchuan died from a disease, allegedly likewise caused by an evil spell mantra cast by the king of Gebshidza. His heir was his fourth son Sonom, aged 19 sui,132 and therefore assisted by his mother Atsang 阿倉 and his aunt Atsing 阿青."
- ↑ Theobald, "The Second Jinchuan Campaign," p. 83 (PDF 93/458).
- ↑ Theobald, "The Second Jinchuan Campaign," p. 431 (PDF 441/458), the Bibliography section.
- ↑ Theobald, "The Second Jinchuan Campaign," p. 59 (PDF 69/458). "130Pingding Liang Jinchuan fanglüe 5, fol. 11b-12a (QL 32/2/wushen). The Jinchuan suoji 3, p. 26, writes that Senggesang’s wife was the aunt (gu 姑) of Sonom, which would mean that Langkya was Sonom’s great- uncle."
- 1 2 Theobald, "The Second Jinchuan Campaign," p. 61 (PDF 71/458). "Sonom offered the excuse that the king of Gebshidza had planned to kill his nephew Dundju Wangdjar 敦珠汪札爾 and[...]" and "The Jinchuan suoji 3, p. 26, says that the murderer was Sonom’s grandfather (zu 祖) Leržirhi 勒爾日爾習."
- ↑ Theobald, "The Second Jinchuan Campaign (1771 – 1776) Economic, Social and Political Aspects of an Important Qing Period Border War," p. 30 (PDF 40/458). "6.2. Even Sonom, the rebel leader, had been assisted by his mother and an aunt at the beginning of his reign as lord of Greater Jinchuan (see below)."
- ↑ Theobald, "The Second Jinchuan Campaign," p. 13 (PDF 23/458).
- ↑ 中国第一历史档案馆. "乾隆四十一年制作"嘎布拉"记事录" (in Chinese).
- ↑ 王家鹏. "嘎布拉法器与乾隆皇帝的藏传佛教信仰" (in Chinese).
- ↑ Theobald, "The Second Jinchuan Campaign," p. 84 (PDF 94/458).
- 1 2 Entenmann, p. 1.
- 1 2 Hillmer, Paul. A People’s History of the Hmong (UPCC book collections on Project MUSE). Minnesota Historical Society, 2010. ISBN 0873517903, 9780873517904. Google Books Page unstated PT20.
- 1 2 3 4 Entenmann, p. 5.
- 1 2 3 Entenmann, p. 6.
- ↑ Entenmann, p. 14. "30 Herbert A. Giles, A Chinese-English Dictionary , 2nd ed. (Shanghai: Kelly & Walsh, 1912), p. 973. "Miaozi 苗子" — which has a pejorative connotation — must be distinguished from "Miaozu 苗族" (Miao nationality), which does not." and "33 Nicholas Tapp's harsh criticism of the book as "extraordinarily inaccurate and utterly misleading" is fully justified. See his review essay, "The State of Hmong Studies," in Nicholas Tapp, Jean Michaud, Christian Culas, and Gary Yia Lee, eds. Hmong/Miao in Asia (Chiangmai: Silkworm Books, 2004). "
- ↑ Entenmann, p. 12.
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