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Snipe eels are a family, Nemichthyidae, of eels that consists of nine species in three genera. They are pelagic fishes, found in every ocean, mostly at depths of 300–600 m but sometimes as deep as 4000 m. Depending on the species, adults may reach 1–2 m (39–79 in) in length, yet they weigh only 80-400 g. They are distinguished by their very slender jaws that separate toward the tips as the upper jaw curves upward. The jaws appear similar to the beak of the bird called the snipe. Snipe eels are oviparous, and the juveniles, called Leptocephali, do not resemble the adults but have oval, leaf-shaped and transparent bodies. Different species of snipe eel have different shapes, sizes and colors. The similarly named bobtail snipe eel is actually in a different family and represented by two species, the black Cyema atrum and the bright red Neocyema erythrosoma.
Avocettina is a genus of eels in the snipe-eel family Nemichthyidae. It currently contains the following species:
The African longfin eel, also known simply as the longfin eel, is an eel in the family Anguillidae. It was described by Wilhelm Peters in 1852, originally under the genus Muraena. It is a tropical eel known from freshwaters in southern Kenya, Cape Agulhas, Madagascar, and New Caledonia. The eels spend most of their lives in freshwaters far inland, but migrate to the Western Indian Ocean to breed. Males can reach a maximum total length of 150 centimetres; females can reach a maximum standard length of 120 centimetres and a maximum weight of 5,000 grams. The eels can live for about 20 years. Juveniles and adults are known to feed off of carcasses, crabs, and bony fish.
The longtailed shortfaced eel is an eel in the family Heterenchelyidae. It was described by Charles Tate Regan in 1912, originally under the genus Heterenchelys. It is a tropical, marine eel which is known from coastal waters ranging from Sierra Leone to Angola, in the eastern Atlantic Ocean. Males can reach a maximum total length of 80 centimetres.
The shorttailed shortfaced eel is an eel in the family Heterenchelyidae. It was described by Charles Tate Regan in 1912, originally under the genus Heterenchelys. It is a tropical, marine eel which is known from Mauritania to Angola, in the eastern Atlantic Ocean. It typically dwells at a depth range of 40–150 metres. Males can reach a maximum total length of 50.5 centimetres.
The Indo-Pacific shorttail conger, also known as the short-tail conger, is an eel in the family Colocongridae. It was described by Chan William Lai-Yee in 1967. It is a marine, deep-water dwelling eel which is known from the Indo-Pacific, including southern Mozambique, Natal, South Africa, the South China Sea, and eastern Australia. It dwells at a maximum depth of 810 metres. Males are known to reach a maximum total length of 51 centimetres.
The slender duckbill eel is an eel in the family Nettastomatidae. It was described by Charles Tate Regan in 1915. It is a marine, deep water-dwelling eel which is known from the Gulf of Guinea, in the eastern Atlantic Ocean. It inhabits the continental shelf and slope. Males can reach a maximum total length of 55.5 centimetres (21.9 in).
The Indo-Pacific slender worm-eel is an eel in the family Ophichthidae. It was described by Pieter Bleeker in 1857. It is a marine, tropical eel which is known from the Indo-Pacific, including the Red Sea, East Africa, the Line Islands, the Society Islands, Johnston Island, Japan, Rapa Iti, Micronesia, and the southern Great Barrier Reef. It forms burrows in inshore sediments of loose gravel and sand. Males can reach a maximum total length of 38 centimetres (15 in).
The Sharpnose sand-eel is an eel in the family Ophichthidae. It was described by Keppel Harcourt Barnard in 1923, originally under the genus Sphagebranchus. It is a marine, subtropical eel which is known from Zululand and Durban in South Africa, in the western Indian Ocean. Males can reach a maximum total length of 40 centimetres (16 in).
The freshwater snake-eel is an eel in the family Ophichthidae. It was described by Max Carl Wilhelm Weber and Lieven Ferdinand de Beaufort in 1916. It is a tropical, freshwater eel which is known from Asia and Oceania, including New Caledonia, New Guinea, the Philippines, and Vanuatu. Males can reach a maximum total length of 41 centimetres.
The goldspotted eel, also known as the goldspotted snake eel or the dark-spotted snake eel, is an eel in the family Ophichthidae. It was described by Charles Alexandre Lesueur in 1825, originally under the genus Muraenophis. It is a marine, tropical eel which is known from the western and eastern Atlantic Ocean, including Bermuda, southern Florida, USA; the Bahamas, Santa Catarina, and Brazil. It dwells at a maximum depth of 15 metres (49 ft), and inhabits rocky and coral reefs. Males can reach a maximum total length of 110 centimetres (3.6 ft).
The Plain snake-eel is an eel in the family Ophichthidae. It was described by Charles Tate Regan in 1908. It is a marine, subtropical eel which is known from Algoa Bay, South Africa, in the southeastern Atlantic Ocean. Males can reach a maximum total length of 30 centimetres (12 in).
Avocettina bowersii is an eel in the family Nemichthyidae. It was described by Samuel Garman in 1899. It is a marine, deep water-dwelling eel which is known from California, U.S.A.; Peru, and Chile. It dwells at a depth range of 92–641 metres, although the type specimen was collected from a depth of 2,692 metres.
Avocettina paucipora is an eel in the family Nemichthyidae. It was described by Jørgen G. Nielsen and David G. Smith in 1978. It is a marine, temperate water-dwelling eel which is known from the southwestern Atlantic, southern Indian, and the Pacific Ocean. Male can reach a maximum total length of 55 centimetres.
The Yano's snipe eel is an eel in the family Nemichthyidae. It was described by Giles Willis Mead and Ira Rubinoff in 1966, originally under the genus Avocettinops. It is a marine, deep water-dwelling eel which is known from New Zealand, in the southwestern Pacific Ocean.
The Bean's sawtooth eel is an eel in the family Nemichthyidae. It was described by Theodore Gill and John Adam Ryder in 1883. It is a marine, deep water-dwelling eel which is known from throughout the Atlantic Ocean, the Indian Ocean, and the Western Pacific Ocean, including Iceland, South Africa, Réunion, and Australia. It dwells at a depth range of 0–5998 metres, and leads a solitary lifestyle. It migrates vertically at night. Males can reach a maximum total length of 78-80 centimetres, making it the largest sawtooth eel.
The black sawtoothed eel is an eel in the family Nemichthyidae. It was described by Louis Roule and Léon Bertin in 1929, originally as a subspecies of Serrivomer sector. It is a marine, deep water-dwelling eel which is known from the eastern and western Atlantic Ocean, including the Strait of Gibraltar, Cape Verde, and the United States. It dwells at a depth range of 150–6000 metres. Males can reach a maximum total length of 60 centimetres.
The short-tooth sawpalate is an eel in the family Serrivomeridae. It was described by Johannes Schmidt in 1916, originally under the genus Leptocephalus. It is a marine, deep water-dwelling eel which is known from the eastern central and western central Atlantic Ocean, including the Bahamas and Bermuda, as well as the Strait of Gibraltar, Cape Verde, Canada and the United States. It dwells at a depth range of 150 to 1,000 metres. Males can reach a maximum total length of 65 centimetres (26 in).
Serrivomer sector, known commonly as the sawtooth eel, the saw-tooth snipe or the deep-sea eel, is an eel in the family Serrivomeridae. It was described by Samuel Garman in 1899. It is a marine, deep water-dwelling eel which is known from the eastern and western Pacific Ocean, including Japan, Chile, and California, USA. It dwells at a depth range of 0 to 3,243 metres, most often around 305 metres (1,001 ft). Males can reach a maximum total length of 76 centimetres (30 in).
The Southern cut-throat eel is an eel in the family Synaphobranchidae. It was described by Regan in 1913. It is a marine, deep water-dwelling eel which is known from the southern Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific Ocean. It dwells at a depth range of 950 to 3,001 metres, and leads a benthic lifestyle. Males can reach a maximum total length of 62.8 centimetres (24.7 in), while females can reach a maximum TL of 67.0 centimetres (26.4 in).
References
- ↑ Synonyms of Avocettina acuticeps at www.fishbase.org.
- ↑ Common names of Avocettina acuticeps at www.fishbase.org.
- 1 2 3 Avocettina acuticeps at www.fishbase.org.
- ↑ Regan, C. T., 1916 [ref. 15063] Larval and postlarval fishes. British Antarctic ("Terra Nova") Expedition (1910-1913). Zoology v. 1 (no. 4): 125-156, Pls. 1-10.
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