Special Reconnaissance Unit

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Special Reconnaissance Unit
Active1972–2005
CountryFlag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom
BranchFlag of the British Army.svg  British Army
Type Military Intelligence
Role Clandestine operation
Close-quarters combat
Counterinsurgency
Covert operation
HUMINT
Special operations
Special reconnaissance
Urban warfare
Part of United Kingdom Special Forces [1]
Headquarters RAF Aldergrove, Northern Ireland
Engagements Operation Banner (The Troubles)

The Special Reconnaissance Unit, also known as the 14 Field Security and Intelligence Company, was a unit of the British Army's Intelligence Corps which conducted covert operations in Northern Ireland during the Troubles. It conducted undercover surveillance operations against suspected members of Irish republican and Ulster loyalist paramilitary groups. Members of the unit were recruited from regular Army battalions and trained in an eight-week course by the Special Air Service (SAS). The unit, then numbering 120 men, was deployed to Northern Ireland in November 1972. [2] [3] Their responsibilities included intelligence gathering and assessment and tracking down and neutralising suspected paramilitaries. Allegations of collusion with loyalist paramilitaries were made against the unit. In 1987, the unit became part of the newly formed United Kingdom Special Forces directorate, and formed the core of the new Special Reconnaissance Regiment in 2005.. [1] [4]

Contents

Predecessor

The Special Reconnaissance Unit, also known as 14 Intelligence Company, was the successor to the Military Reaction Force (MRF). [5] Selection to 14 Intelligence Company was available to all serving members of the British armed forces and to both sexes. For the first time, women could become members of a UK Special Forces unit. Candidates were required to pass a rigorous selection process, designed to select only those individuals possessing the highly specialized qualifications needed to deal with the stresses of undercover covert operations. In one selection course, out of 1000 applicants, only 17 were ultimately deployed to Northern Ireland.

Wilson briefing

"Special Reconnaissance Unit" is the term appearing in official documents from the 1970s. An April 1974 briefing for Prime Minister Harold Wilson states:

The term "Special Reconnaissance Unit" and the details of its organisation and mode of operations have been kept secret. The SRU operates in Northern Ireland at present under the cover name "Northern Ireland Training and Advisory Teams (Northern Ireland)" – NITAT(NI) – ostensibly the equivalent of genuine NITAT teams in UKLF and BAOR. [6]

Structure

Authors claiming to be former members of the unit describe an organisation [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] with a depot in Great Britain and four operational detachments in Northern Ireland.

Selection and training of personnel from all arms of the British Armed Forces was conducted in a number of locations in Great Britain. Candidates, both male and female, volunteered for special duties for periods of 18–36 months, before being returned to a parent unit. Trained surveillance operators could volunteer for re-deployment after a period with the parent unit, with potential opportunities to serve in command, staff or training roles within the organisation or higher command structure.

Weapons issued

While the unit was active, there was a wide variety of firearms utilized by the unit. [4]

Collusion accusations

14 Intelligence was accused of acting in collusion with loyalist paramilitaries by former intelligence personnel Fred Holroyd and Colin Wallace in regards to the death of senior Provisional Irish Republican Army member John Francis Green, the Miami Showband killings and the Dublin and Monaghan bombings. [12] [13] [14] [15] [16]

Casualties

See also

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The following is a Timeline of British Army and Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC) undercover operations during Operation Banner during the 1969 – 1998 Northern Irish conflict in Northern Ireland that resulted in death or injury. Including operations by the SAS, 14 Intelligence Company, the Military Reaction Force (MRF), RUC Special Patrol Group and Special Branch.

References

  1. 1 2 Urban, Mark (1992). Big Boys' Rules: The SAS and the Secret Struggle Against the IRA. London: Faber and Faber. ISBN   9780571161126.
  2. ↑ David A. Charters, Counter-insurgency Intelligence: The Evolution of British Theory and Practice, The Journal of Conflict Studies, Volume 29 (2009).
  3. ↑ Dr Huw Bennett, The reluctant pupil? Britain’s army and learning in counterinsurgency, Royal United Services Institute, 11 October 2009.
  4. 1 2 "14 Company - 'The Det'". eliteUKforces.info. Retrieved 3 December 2017.
  5. ↑ Griffin, Tom (20 November 2013). "The long shadow of the Military Reaction Force". Spinwatch.org. Retrieved 15 April 2015.
  6. ↑ "PREM 16/154: Defensive Brief D - Meeting between the Prime Minister and the Taoiseach, 5 April 1974 "Army Plain Clothes Patrols in Northern Ireland"" (PDF). The National Archives . London. Retrieved 15 April 2015.
  7. ↑ Rennie, James (2004). The Operators: On the Streets with Britain's Most Secret Service. Barnsley: Pen & Sword Military Classics. ISBN   9781844150991.
  8. ↑ Ford, Sarah (1997). One Up: A woman in action with the SAS. London: HarperCollins. ISBN   9780002558198.
  9. ↑ George, Jackie (1999). She Who Dared: Covert Operations in Northern Ireland with the SAS. Barnsley: Leo Cooper. ISBN   9780850526868.
  10. ↑ Falconer, Duncan (2001). First into Action: Dramatic Personal Account of Life Inside the SBS. London: Warner. ISBN   9780751531657.
  11. ↑ Connor, Ken (1999). Ghost Force: Secret History of the SAS. London: Orion. ISBN   9780752826974.
  12. ↑ Friel, Laura (6 January 2000). "The killing of John Francis Green". An Phoblacht . Retrieved 15 April 2015.
  13. ↑ McCaffrey, Barry (13 July 2006). "Revealed — how British threatened harsh sanctions over SAS arrests". Irish News . Retrieved 15 April 2015.
  14. ↑ Ken Livingstone, Member for Brent East (7 July 1987). "Northern Ireland Act 1974". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard) . House of Commons. col. 231–237.
  15. ↑ "Interim Report on the Report of the Independent Commission of Inquiry into the Bombing of Kay's Tavern, Dundalk". Houses of the Oireachtas: Joint Committee on Justice, Equality, Defence and Women's Rights. July 2006. Retrieved 15 April 2015.
  16. ↑ Holroyd, Fred (1989). War Without Honour. Hull: Medium. ISBN   9781872398006.
  17. ↑ Urban (1993), p. 42.
  18. ↑ "Remembering the Past: Henry Hogan and Declan Martin | An Phoblacht". www.anphoblacht.com.
  19. ↑ Brits: The Secret War, BBC
  20. ↑ "The inside story of the brutal killing of Wood and Howes". Sunday Independent (Ireland) . 18 September 2016. Retrieved 21 March 2018.
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