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The Xanthomonadales are a bacterial order within the Gammaproteobacteria. They are one of the largest groups of bacterial phytopathogens, harbouring species such as Xanthomonas citri, Xanthomonas euvesicatoria, Xanthomonas oryzae and Xylella fastidiosa. These bacteria affect agriculturally important plants including tomatoes, bananas, citrus plants, rice, and coffee. Many species within the order are also human pathogens. Species within the genus Stenotrophomonas are multidrug resistant opportunistic pathogens that are responsible for nosocomial infections in immunodeficient patients.
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an aerobic, nonfermentative, Gram-negative bacterium. It is an uncommon bacterium and human infection is difficult to treat. Initially classified as Bacterium bookeri, then renamed Pseudomonas maltophilia, S. maltophilia was also grouped in the genus Xanthomonas before eventually becoming the type species of the genus Stenotrophomonas in 1993.
Stenotrophomonas is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria, comprising at least ten species. The main reservoirs of Stenotrophomonas are soil and plants. Stenotrophomonas species range from common soil organisms to opportunistic human pathogens, the molecular taxonomy of the genus is still somewhat unclear.
The genus Lysobacter belongs to the family Xanthomonadaceae within the Gammaproteobacteria and includes at least 46 named species, including: Lysobacter enzymogenes, L. antibioticus, L. gummosus, L. brunescens, L. defluvii, L. niabensis, L. niastensis, L. daejeonensis, L. yangpyeongensis, L. koreensis, L. concretionis, L. spongiicola, and L. capsici. Lysobacter spp. were originally grouped with myxobacteria because they shared the distinctive trait of gliding motility, but they uniquely display a number of traits that distinguish them from other taxonomically and ecologically related microbes including high genomic G+C content and the lack of flagella. The feature of gliding motility alone has piqued the interest of many, since the role of gliding bacteria in soil ecology is poorly understood. In addition, while a number of different mechanisms have been proposed for gliding motility among a wide range of bacterial species, the genetic mechanism in Lysobacter remains unknown. Members of the Lysobacter group have gained broad interest for production of extracellular enzymes. The group is also regarded as a rich source for production of novel antibiotics, such as β-lactams containing substituted side chains, macrocyclic lactams and macrocyclic peptide or depsipeptide antibiotics like the katanosins.
Deinococcus is one genus of three in the order Deinococcales of the bacterial phylum Deinococcus-Thermus highly resistant to environmental hazards. These bacteria have thick cell walls that give them Gram-positive stains, but they include a second membrane and so are closer in structure to Gram-negative bacteria. Deinococcus survive when their DNA is exposed to high doses of gamma and UV radiation. Whereas other bacteria change their structure in the presence of radiation, such as by forming endospores, Deinococcus tolerate it without changing their cellular form and do not retreat into a hardened structure. They are also characterized by the presence of the carotenoid pigment deinoxanthin that give them their pink color. They are usually isolated according to these two criteria. In August 2020, scientists reported that bacteria from Earth, particularly Deinococcus bacteria, were found to survive for three years in outer space, based on studies conducted on the International Space Station. These findings support the notion of panspermia, the hypothesis that life exists throughout the Universe, distributed in various ways, including space dust, meteoroids, asteroids, comets, planetoids or contaminated spacecraft.
Castellaniella daejeonensis is a Gram-negative, oxidase and catalase-positive, facultatively anaerobic, non-spore-forming, motile bacterium from the genus Castellaniella, isolated from oil-contaminated soil.
Pseudoxanthomonas koreensis is a species of Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped bacteria, first isolated from ginseng fields. T7-09(T) is the type strain.
Pseudoxanthomonas daejeonensis is a species of Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped bacteria, first isolated from ginseng fields. TR6-08(T) is the type strain.
Pseudoxanthomonas is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria in the family Xanthomonadaceae from the phylum Proteobacteria. This genus is closely related phylogenetically with the genera Xanthomonas, Xylella, and Stenotrophomonas. The genus was first distinguished in 2000 in biofilter samples, and was later emended by Lee et al. Some of the species in this genus are: P. mexicana, P. japonensis, P. koreensis, P. daejeonensis, and the type species P. broegbernensis.
Nocardioides daejeonensis is a gram-positive, denitrifying, rod-shaped, aerobic and non-motile bacterium from the genus Nocardioides that has been isolated from a sewage disposal plant at Daejeon, South Korea.
Mucilaginibacter daejeonensis is a Gram-negative, facultatively aerobic, heterotrophic, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Mucilaginibacter which has been isolated from a dried rice straw.
Stenotrophomonas bentonitica is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped and aerobic bacterium from the genus of Stenotrophomonas which has been isolated from soil from Almeria in Spain.
Stenotrophomonas acidaminiphila is a strictly aerobic, Gram-negative, mesophilic, non-spore-forming and motile bacterium from the genus of Stenotrophomonas which has been isolated from industrial waste water in Mexico. Stenotrophomonas acidaminiphila can degrade polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
Stenotrophomonas chelatiphaga is an aerobic, Gram-positive and motile bacterium from the genus of Stenotrophomonas which has been isolated from sewage sludge from Kazan in Russia. Stenotrophomonas chelatiphaga has the ability to degrade Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid.
Stenotrophomonas ginsengisoli is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming and rod-shaped bacterium from the genus of Stenotrophomonas which has been isolated from soil from a ginseng field in Korea.
Stenotrophomonas humi is a nitrate-reducing, Gram-negative, rod-shaped and non-spore-forming bacterium from the genus of Stenotrophomonas which has been isolated from soil from Ghent in Belgium.
Stenotrophomonas indicatrix is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped and none-spore-forming bacterium from the genus of Stenotrophomonas which has been isolated from the surface of a milking machine in Germany.
Stenotrophomonas pavanii is a nitrogen-fixing, Gram-negative, rod-shaped and non-spore-forming bacterium from the genus of Stenotrophomonas which has been isolated from the stem of a sugar cane from Sao Francisco Sertaozinho in Brazil.
Stenotrophomonas pictorum is a bacterium from the genus of Stenotrophomonas which has been isolated from soil.
Arenimonas daejeonensis is a Gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped and motile bacterium from the genus of Arenimonas which has been isolated from compost from Daejeon in Korea.
References
- 1 2 Parte, A.C. "Stenotrophomonas". LPSN .
- 1 2 "Stenotrophomonas daejeonensis". www.uniprot.org.
- ↑ Lee, M; Woo, SG; Chae, M; Shin, MC; Jung, HM; Ten, LN (March 2011). "Stenotrophomonas daejeonensis sp. nov., isolated from sewage". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 61 (Pt 3): 598–604. doi: 10.1099/ijs.0.017780-0 . PMID 20400671.
