Evangelicalism,also called evangelical Christianity or evangelical Protestantism,is a worldwide interdenominational movement within Protestant Christianity that emphasizes the centrality of sharing the "good news" of Christianity,being "born again" in which an individual experiences personal conversion,as authoritatively guided by the Bible,God's revelation to humanity. The word evangelic comes from the Greek word for 'good news'.
Sola scriptura is a Christian theological doctrine held by most Protestant Christian denominations,in particular the Lutheran and Reformed traditions,that posits the Bible as the sole infallible source of authority for Christian faith and practice. The Catholic Church considers it heresy and generally the Orthodox churches consider it to be contrary to the phronema of the Church.
Christian fundamentalism,also known as fundamental Christianity or fundamentalist Christianity,is a religious movement emphasizing biblical literalism. In its modern form,it began in the late 19th and early 20th centuries among British and American Protestants as a reaction to theological liberalism and cultural modernism. Fundamentalists argued that 19th-century modernist theologians had misunderstood or rejected certain doctrines,especially biblical inerrancy,which they considered the fundamentals of the Christian faith.
Gordon–Conwell Theological Seminary (GCTS) is an evangelical seminary with its main campus in Hamilton,Massachusetts,and three other campuses in Boston,Massachusetts;Charlotte,North Carolina;and Jacksonville,Florida. According to the Association of Theological Schools,Gordon-Conwell ranks as one of the largest evangelical seminaries in North America in terms of total number of full-time students enrolled.
Biblical inerrancy is the belief that the Bible "is without error or fault in all its teaching";or,at least,that "Scripture in the original manuscripts does not affirm anything that is contrary to fact". Some equate inerrancy with biblical infallibility;others do not.
Wayne A. Grudem is an American New Testament scholar,theologian,seminary professor,and author. He is a professor of theology and biblical studies at Phoenix Seminary in Phoenix,Arizona.
The Evangelical left is a Christian left movement in Evangelical Christianity that affirms conservative evangelical theology and are politically progressive. It is mainly based in the US,but is also found in Latin America.
Gordon Paul Hugenberger was the senior pastor at historic Park Street Church,in Boston,Massachusetts (1997–2017). He announced on June 5,2016 that he would leave that position by the end of June,2017. He was born in Wellesley,Massachusetts,one of seven children. While working at a Salvation Army camp as a high schooler,he had a conversion experience and began to follow Jesus Christ as his Lord and Savior.
Meredith George Kline was an American theologian and Old Testament scholar. He also had degrees in Assyriology and Egyptology.
Conservative Christianity, also known as conservative theology,theological conservatism,traditional Christianity,or biblical orthodoxy is a grouping of overlapping and denominationally diverse theological movements within Christianity that seeks to retain the orthodox and long-standing traditions and beliefs of Christianity. It is contrasted with Liberal Christianity and Progressive Christianity,which are seen as heretical heterodoxies by theological conservatives. Conservative Christianity should not be mistaken as being necessarily synonymous with the political philosophy of conservatism,nor the Christian right.
Harold John Ockenga was a leading figure of mid-20th-century American Evangelicalism,part of the reform movement known as "Neo-Evangelicalism". A Congregational minister,Ockenga served for many years as pastor of Park Street Church in Boston,Massachusetts. He was also a prolific author on biblical,theological,and devotional topics. Ockenga helped to found the Fuller Theological Seminary and Gordon-Conwell Theological Seminary,as well as the National Association of Evangelicals (NAE).
Christian ethics,also known as moral theology,is a multi-faceted ethical system. It is a virtue ethic,which focuses on building moral character,and a deontological ethic which emphasizes duty. It also incorporates natural law ethics,which is built on the belief that it is the very nature of humans –created in the image of God and capable of morality,cooperation,rationality,discernment and so on –that informs how life should be lived,and that awareness of sin does not require special revelation. Other aspects of Christian ethics,represented by movements such as the social Gospel and liberation theology,may be combined into a fourth area sometimes called prophetic ethics.
Walter C. Kaiser Jr. is an American Evangelical Old Testament scholar,writer,public speaker,and educator. Kaiser is the Colman M. Mockler distinguished Professor of Old Testament and former President of Gordon-Conwell Theological Seminary in South Hamilton,Massachusetts,retired June 30,2006. He was succeeded by James Emery White.
Christian feminism is a school of Christian theology which uses the viewpoint of a Christian to promote and understand morally,socially,and spiritually the equality of men and women. Christian theologians argue that contributions by women and acknowledging women's value are necessary for a complete understanding of Christianity. Christian feminists are driven by the belief that God does not discriminate on the basis of biologically determined characteristics such as sex and race,but created all humans to exist in harmony and equality regardless of those factors. On the other hand,Christian egalitarianism is used for those advocating gender equality and equity among Christians but do not wish to associate themselves with the feminist movement.
James Luther Adams (1901–1994),an American professor at Harvard Divinity School,Andover Newton Theological School,and Meadville Lombard Theological School,and a Unitarian parish minister,was the most influential theologian among American Unitarian Universalists in the 20th century.
Gabriel Joseph Fackre (1926–2018) was an American theologian and Abbot Professor of Christian Theology Emeritus at Andover Newton Theological School in Newton,Massachusetts. He was on the school's faculty for 25 years before retiring in 1996. Previous to that he was Professor of Theology and Culture at Lancaster Theological Seminary in Pennsylvania,teaching there from 1961 through 1970. Fackre has also served as visiting professor or held lectureships at 40 universities,colleges,and seminaries. His papers are housed in Special Collections at Princeton Theological Seminary Libraries,Princeton,New Jersey.
Marvin R. Wilson is an American evangelical Biblical scholar,and was Harold J. Ockenga Professor of Biblical and Theological Studies at Gordon College in Wenham,Massachusetts until his 2018 retirement.
Dennis P. Hollinger,is the President Emeritus and the Distinguished Senior Professor of Christian Ethics of Gordon-Conwell Theological Seminary,as of 2019. He served as President and Colman M. Mockler Distinguished Professor of Christian Ethics from 2008-2019. He also serves as a Distinguished Fellow with The Center for Bioethics &Human Dignity. Hollinger attended Elizabethtown College for his B.A.,Trinity Evangelical Divinity School for his M.Div.,Drew University for Ph.D.,and has conducted post-doctoral studies at Oxford University.
Eckhard J. Schnabel is a German evangelical theologian and professor of the New Testament. He is the author of numerous scholarly books,Bible commentaries,specialist articles and lexical contributions.
