Strada delle 52 Gallerie

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Road of 52 Tunnels, Road of the first Army
Strada delle 52 gallerie, Strada della Prima Armata
Inizio strada 52 gallerie.jpg
Road of 52 Tunnels
Italy provincial location map 2016.svg
Red pog.svg
Road of 52 Tunnels, Road of the first Army
Coordinates 45°46′44″N11°13′41″E / 45.779°N 11.228°E / 45.779; 11.228
Typemilitary mule
Site information
Controlled by Kingdom of Italy
Open to
the public
yes
Site history
BuiltFebruary 6, 1917
Built by Kingdom of Italy
In use Kingdom of Italy
Battles/wars World War I
Strada delle 52 Gallerie
Length6.5 km (4.0 mi)
Trailheads
  • Bocchetta Campiglia (1.216 m) [1]
  • Porte del Pasubio (1.928 m)
[2]
UseHiking
Elevation change 750 m (2,460 ft)
Highest pointthe end of 47th tunnel, 2,000 m (6,600 ft)
Lowest pointBocchetta Campiglia, 1,216 m (3,990 ft)
Grade 22 %
Seasonsummer
Surface rock
Right of way military mule

The Strada delle 52 Gallerie ("Road of 52 tunnels"), also known as the 52 Tunnel Road, or Strada della Prima Armata ("Road of the First Army") is a military mule road built during World War I on the Pasubio massif in Veneto, Italy.

Contents

The road winds between Bocchetta Campiglia (1,216 metres [3,990 ft]) [1] and the Porte del Pasubio (1,934 metres [6,345 ft]) [2] crossing the southern slope of the mountain with its spires, deep canyons and sheer rock faces, outside of the range of Austro-Hungarian artillery.

Features

It is 6,555 metres (21,506 ft) long, of which 2,335 metres (7,661 ft) [3] are divided into 52 tunnels excavated from the rock, each tunnel is numbered and characterized by a particular name. The minimum width of 2.20 metres (7.2 ft) was originally intended to allow the transit of two mules with their baggage. [4] The slope of the road reaches 22 percent, with an average of 12 percent. [4] Notable among the many tunnels is the 19th because, in addition to being the longest (320 metres (1,050 ft)), it has a helical layout with 4 hairpin bends, inside a gigantic rock tower. [5]

The Tunnel 20 is carved out of a rock tower, and to overcome the difference in height, twists around itself like a corkscrew. Tunnels 41 through 45 run below the Passo Fontana d'oro (1,875 metres [6,152 ft]). On leaving the 47th, the highest point of the road (2,000 metres [6,562 ft]), there is a magnificent panorama.[ peacock prose ]

The passage of the 15th gallery Passaggio, 15. galleria.jpg
The passage of the 15th gallery
Top of the 20th tunnel (spiral tunnel) Pasubio Tunnel Nr. 20.jpg
Top of the 20th tunnel (spiral tunnel)

Completion

A masterpiece of military engineering and boldness (it was produced by the 33rd Miners Company of the Italian Army with the help of six hundred workers), considering the conditions and the time it was built, and the speed of execution. Work began on February 6, 1917, and was completed in November 1917.

Its implementation was of great strategic importance because it allowed communication and transfer of supplies from the base to the summit area of Mt. Pasubio. Key aspects of the road include year round access, located outside of enemy artillery range and accessible by mule. These were all problems with the similar road of Scarubbi which is only accessible with motorized vehicles, within the range of the Austro-Hungarian guns, and only during the summer.

Mountain biking is strictly prohibited due to a number of fatal accidents.

Order of tunnelName of tunnelLength of tunnelPicture
1Cap. Zappa17 metres Galleria n. 1.JPG
2Gen. D'Havet65 metres Galleria n. 2.JPG
3 Rovereto 14 metres Galleria n. 3.JPG
4 Battisti 31 metres Galleria n. 4.JPG
5 Oberdan 10 metres Galleria n. 5.JPG
6 Trieste 17 metres Galleria n. 6.JPG
7 Gen. Cascino 35 metres Galleria n. 7.JPG
8 Gen. Cantore 23 metres Galleria n. 8.JPG
9 Gen. Zoppi 78 metres Galleria n. 9.JPG
10 Sauro 12 metres Galleria n. 10.JPG
11 Magg. Randaccio 28 metres Galleria n. 11.JPG
12Cap. Motti95 metres Galleria n. 12.JPG
13 Cap. Filzi 27 metres Galleria n. 13.JPG
14Cap. Melchiori61 metres Galleria n. 14.JPG
15 Tortona 45 metres Galleria n. 15.JPG
16 Reggio Calabria 74 metres Galleria n. 16.JPG
17 Bergamo 52 metres Galleria n. 17.JPG
18 Parma 46 metres Galleria n. 18.JPG
19 Re
(Victor Emmanuel III of Italy)
318 metres Galleria n. 19.JPG
20 Gen. Cadorna 86 metres Galleria n. 20.JPG
21 Gen. Porro 20 metres Galleria n. 21.JPG
22 Breganze 8 metres Galleria n. 22.JPG
23 Gen. Capello 18 metres Galleria n. 23.JPG
Order of tunnelName of tunnelLength of tunnelPicture
24 Bologna 16 metres Galleria n. 24.JPG
25 Aquila 11 metres Galleria n. 25.JPG
26 Napoli 24 metres Galleria n. 26.JPG
27Cap. Picone98 metres Galleria n. 27.JPG
28 Genoa 14 metres Galleria n. 28.JPG
29 Spezia 31 metres Galleria n. 29.JPG
30Miss10 metres Galleria n. 30.JPG
31 Gen. Papa 72 metres Galleria n. 31.JPG
32 Palazzolo 48 metres Galleria n. 32.JPG
3333ª minatori57 metres Galleria n. 33.JPG
34Gen. Giustetti132 metres Galleria n. 34.JPG
35 Trani 10 metres Galleria n. 35.JPG
36 Gen. Garibaldi 12 metres Galleria n. 36.JPG
37 Balilla 26 metres Galleria n. 37.JPG
38 Turin 29 metres Galleria n. 38.JPG
39 Mantua 53 metres Galleria n. 39.JPG
40 Trento 10 metres Galleria n. 40.JPG
4126ª minatori24 metres Galleria n. 41.JPG
42 Macerata 19 metres Galleria n. 42.JPG
43 Polesine 55 metres Galleria n. 43.JPG
44Zappatori Liguria22 metres Galleria n. 44.JPG
45Plotone 25ª minatori83 metres Galleria n. 45.JPG
46Piceno65 metres Galleria n. 46.JPG
47Pallanza22 metres Galleria n. 47.JPG
48 Cesena 14 metres Galleria n. 48.JPG
49Soldato italiano19 metres Galleria n. 49.JPG
50 Cav. Vittorio Veneto 27 metres Galleria n. 50.JPG
51Plotone minatori sardo66 metres Galleria n. 51.JPG
52 Sardinia 86 metres Galleria n. 52.JPG

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References

Notes

  1. 1 2 (Gattera 2007, p. 27).
  2. 1 2 (Gattera 2007, p. 38).
  3. ( Gattera 2007 , p. 100-109)length of the galleries is obtained by adding the lengths of the individual galleries mentioned in the book
  4. 1 2 ( Gattera 2007 , p. 78) taken from the technical report of Captain Corrado Picone.
  5. ( Gattera 2007 , p. 30).

Cartography

Bibliography