The Actinomycetota are a phylum of mostly gram-positive bacteria. They can be terrestrial or aquatic. They are of great economic importance to humans because agriculture and forests depend on their contributions to soil systems. In soil they help to decompose the organic matter of dead organisms so the molecules can be taken up anew by plants. While this role is also played by fungi, Actinomycetota are much smaller and likely do not occupy the same ecological niche. In this role the colonies often grow extensive mycelia, like a fungus would, and the name of an important order of the phylum, Actinomycetales, reflects that they were long believed to be fungi. Some soil actinomycetota live symbiotically with the plants whose roots pervade the soil, fixing nitrogen for the plants in exchange for access to some of the plant's saccharides. Other species, such as many members of the genus Mycobacterium, are important pathogens.
Streptomyces is the largest genus of Actinomycetota and the type genus of the family Streptomycetaceae. Over 500 species of Streptomyces bacteria have been described. As with the other Actinomycetota, streptomycetes are gram-positive, and have genomes with high GC content. Found predominantly in soil and decaying vegetation, most streptomycetes produce spores, and are noted for their distinct "earthy" odor that results from production of a volatile metabolite, geosmin.
Streptomyces isolates have yielded the majority of human, animal, and agricultural antibiotics, as well as a number of fundamental chemotherapy medicines. Streptomyces is the largest antibiotic-producing genus of Actinomycetota, producing chemotherapy, antibacterial, antifungal, antiparasitic drugs, and immunosuppressants. Streptomyces isolates are typically initiated with the aerial hyphal formation from the mycelium.
Streptomyces endophyticus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from roots of the plant Artemisia annua L. in Kunming in the Yunnan province in China.
Streptomyces flavotricini is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from mountain forest soil. Streptomyces flavotricini produces bafilomycin K and aminoacylase.
Streptomyces fukangensis is an alkaliphilic bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from desert soil from Xinjiang in China.
Streptomyces glycovorans is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from marine sediments of the South China Sea near the Xisha Islands in China.
Streptomyces jiujiangensis is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from rhizosphere soil from a pine tree from the Mount Lu in the Jiangxi province in China. Streptomyces jiujiangensis produces antialgal compounds.
Streptomyces microflavus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil. Streptomyces microflavus produces nemadectin, fattiviracin A1, milbemycin and deoxyuridines. Streptomyces microflavus also produces the ionophore valinomycin. Streptomyces microflavus is also known to cause potato common scab disease in Korea.
Streptomyces muensis is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from a limestone quarry from Tangkhul Hundung in Manipur in India.
Streptomyces nanshensis is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from marine sediments from the South China Sea near the Nansha Islands in China.
Streptomyces phytohabitans is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from the plant Curcuma phaeocaulis from the Sichuan Province in China. Streptomyces phytohabitans produces the macrolides novonestmycin A and novonestmycin B.
Streptomyces sodiiphilus is an alkaliphilic bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from a muddy sample from the Chaka salt lake in the Qinghai Province in China.
Streptomyces xinghaiensis is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from marine sediments from Xinghai Bay near Dalian in China.
Streptomyces xishensis is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from marine sediments from the South China Sea near the Xisha Islands in China.
Nocardiopsis is a bacterial genus from the family of Nocardiopsaceae which can produces some antimicrobial compounds, including thiopeptides. Nocardiopsis occur mostly in saline and alkaline soils.
Nocardiopsis terrae is a Gram-positive, halophilic, facultatively alkaliphilic and obligately aerobic bacterium from the genus of Nocardiopsis which has been isolated from saline soil from the Qaidam Basin in the Qinghai Province in China.
Streptomyces bohaiensis is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from the fish Scomberomorus niphonius from the Bohai Sea in China.
Streptomyces lushanensis is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil from the Lushan Mountain in China. Streptomyces lushanensis has antibacterial activity.
Streptomyces manipurensis is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from limestone from Hundung in India.
