Sufism in Pakistan

Last updated
Tomb of Bahauddin Zikarya in Multan, Punjab Bahauddin Zakariya Tomb 03.jpg
Tomb of Bahauddin Zikarya in Multan, Punjab
Tomb: Syed Jalaluddin Surkh-Posh Bukhari Shrine of Jalaluddin Bukhari - exterior of mosque.jpg
Tomb: Syed Jalaluddin Surkh-Posh Bukhari
Shrine of Islamic Naqshbandi saints of Allo Mahar Sharif Shrine Of Allo Mahar sharif.jpg
Shrine of Islamic Naqshbandi saints of Allo Mahar Sharif
Tomb of Fariduddin Ganjshakar Darbar Hazrat Baba Farid ud Deen Ganj Shakar Rahmatullah Alaih - panoramio.jpg
Tomb of Fariduddin Ganjshakar
Tomb of Shah Rukn-e-Alam, Multan, Punjab Tomb of Shah Rukn-e-Alam Multan.jpg
Tomb of Shah Rukn-e-Alam, Multan, Punjab
Shrine of Lal Shahbaz Qalandar, Sehwan Sharif, Sindh Shrine Lal Shahbaz Qalandar, Sehwan Shareed, Sindh.jpg
Shrine of Lal Shahbaz Qalandar, Sehwan Sharif, Sindh
Grand mausoleum of Shah Abdul Latif Bhittai built by Mian Ghulam Shah Kalhoro in 1762 Shrine of Pir Hadi Hassan Bux Shah Jilani duthro sharf, Sanghar, Sindh Dargah Hazrat Shah Abdul Latif Bhittai ra.jpg
Grand mausoleum of Shah Abdul Latif Bhittai built by Mian Ghulam Shah Kalhoro in 1762 Dargha Hadi Hassan Bux Shah Jilani duthro sharif.jpg Shrine of Pir Hadi Hassan Bux Shah Jilani duthro sharf, Sanghar, Sindh

Sufism, known as Tasawwuf in the Arabic-speaking world, is a form of Islamic mysticism that emphasizes introspection and spiritual closeness with God. About 60% Muslims in Pakistan regard themselves as followers of Sufi saints.[ citation needed ]

Contents

Sufi traditions

Most of the Sufis in Pakistan relate to the four main tariqa ( silsila ): Chishti, Naqshbandi, Qadiri-Razzaqi and Suhrawardi.

List of Sufi Shrines

Contemporary influence

There are two levels of Sufism in Pakistan. The first is the 'populist' Sufism of the rural population. This level of Sufism involves belief in intercession through saints, veneration of their shrines and forming bonds with a pir (saint). Many rural Pakistani Muslims associate with pirs and seek their intercession. [1] The second level of Sufism in Pakistan is 'intellectual Sufism' which is growing among the urban and educated population. They are influenced by the writings of Sufis such as the medieval theologian al-Ghazali, the Sufi reformer Shaykh Aḥmad Sirhindi and Shah Wali Allah. [2]

Attacks on Sufi shrines

Since March 2005, 209 people have been killed and 560 injured in 29 different terrorist attacks targeting shrines devoted to Sufi saints in Pakistan, according to data compiled by the Center for Islamic Research Collaboration and Learning (CIRCLe). [3] The attacks are generally attributed to banned militant organisations. [4]

The Sehwan Sharif shrine was the site of a suicide bombing in 2017 carried out by the Islamic State. [5]

See also

References

  1. Hussain, Rizwan. Pakistan. Archived from the original on November 21, 2008. Sūfī Islam in Pakistan is represented at two levels. The first is the populist Sufism of the rural masses, associated with unorthodox religious rituals and practices, belief in the intercessory powers of saints, pilgrimage and veneration at their shrines, and a binding spiritual relationship between the shaykh or pir (master) and murīd (disciple). Many Muslims in rural areas of Pakistan, where orthodox Islam has yet to penetrate effectively, identify themselves with some pir, living or dead, and seek his intercession for the solution of their worldly problems and for salvation in the hereafter.{{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
  2. Hussain, Rizwan. Pakistan. Archived from the original on November 21, 2008. The other strain is that of scholastic or intellectual Sufism, a recent phenomenon based in urban areas and becoming increasingly popular in educated circles. Influenced by the writings of the medieval theologian al-Ghazālī (d. 1111), the Sūfī reformer Shaykh Aḥmad Sirhindī (d. 1624), and Shāh Walī Allāh (d. 1762), and by the spiritual experiences of the masters of the Suhrawardī and Naqshbandī orders, these modern Sūfīs are rearticulating Islamic metaphysics as an answer to Western materialism.{{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
  3. a think-tank based in Rawalpindi
  4. Sunni Ittehad Council: Sunni Barelvi activism against Deobandi-Wahhabi terrorism in Pakistan – by Aarish U. Khan [ usurped ]| criticalppp.com| Let Us Build Pakistan
  5. "Sehwan bombing toll reaches 88, over 250 injured". The News. 17 February 2017. Retrieved 17 February 2017.

Bibliography