Swayne & Hoyt

Last updated
Swayne & Hoyt
Company type steamship company
Founded1890s
FounderRobert H. Swayne,
Defunct1940
Headquarters,

Swayne & Hoyt was an American steamship company based in San Francisco, California, and in operation from the 1890s to 1940.

Contents

During its tenure, the company witnessed the opening of the Panama Canal in 1914 and the massive shipbuilding program of World War I orchestrated by the United States Shipping Board which peaked in 1918 and 1919.

History

In 1850 the ship brokerage firm of Hughes and Hunter was established in San Francisco. In 1865 it became Hughes & McDaniel and, in 1871, Hughes, McDaniel and Edson. In 1873 McDaniel dropped out, in 1879 Hughes dropped out. The company continued as C. A. Edson & Co. Robert H. Swayne and John C. Hoyt, former employees, took over business in 1887. [1]

Swayne & Hoyt was engaged in trade with Japan by 1896, when the company was recorded as protesting duties assessed on ceramic goods it had imported in February 1896. [2]

Swayne & Hoyt was incorporated in August 1896 as a warehouse, commission and mercantile business in the state of California with principal area of business in San Francisco, with a capital stock of $100,000 of which $25,000 had been actually subscribed. [3]

On February 27, 1897, the S&H warehouse was the scene of the "biggest opium seizure in California" ($200,000 of Chinese opium). [4]

In 1926, the company was operating the American-Australian-Orient Line which sailed to Australia, New Zealand, and Asian ports. [5] Also in the mid-1920s, Swayne & Hoyt was engaged in trade between Pacific ports and the east coast of South America. [6]

By the late 1930s, Swayne & Hoyt was engaged in intercoastal shipping between U.S. ports on the Gulf of Mexico and on ports on the Pacific coast via the Panama Canal. [7] Swayne & Hoyt v. United States challenged the legality of an order of the Secretary of Commerce to cease offering 6-month contracts to clients at a reduced rate if the clients only use the same shipping company for all their shipping during that period. The case was dismissed on the ground that Section 16 of the Shipping Act of 1916 forbids preferential treatment of any kind and that the arrangement violates unrestricted competition and furthers the establishment of a monopoly. The court conceded though that the arrangement had benefits to both the suing shipowners and their clients.

In June 1932, The Log, reported that Tirey L. Ford Jr., Executive Vice-president of Swayne & Hoyt, Ltd., visited Puget Sound in connection with a proposed "rebuilding of the Swayne & Hoyt Gulf Pacific Mail Line ships Point Ancha and Ossining, which would operate under mail contract between Pacific Coast ports and ports of South America, the West Indies, and the Gulf." [8]

Robert H. Swayne died 8 August 1936. [9]

On February 26, 1940, the Pacific Shipper said that Tirey L. Ford, Vice President of Swayne & Hoyt, announced that the company would retire from business after 90 years leading steamship companies. [10]

The business closed officially on April 30, 1940, also the date of the last traditional annual company dinner party. Final employment figures were 500 seagoing personnel and 220 in the home and branch offices. [1]

"Swayne & Hoyt" mentioned in the California Digital Newspaper Collection (cdnc.ucr.edu)
1890s1900s1910s1920s1930s1940s1950s
16873932,3311,4801021

Fleet

Pacific Coast Trade

Inter-coastal and Foreign Trade

The referenced recollection of Lloyd Swayne is not accurate.

In December 1939 five ships were sold to the Ocean Dominion Steamship Corporation of New York (aka the Aluminum Line): Point Brava, Point Caleta, Point Chico, Point Palmas, Point Salinas, i.e. all the Downey-built ships. The reason given by The Log was lack of freight on the line. [48]

In February 1940 the Point Bonita, Point Arena, Point Judith (then located in the Gulf) and Point Clear, Point Ancha, Point Lobos (then on the West Coast) were sold to the Greek steamship operator A. G. Pappadakis. [49]

Pacific Coast Tramp Trade

SV Forest Home
DepartureArrivalFromToCargoNotes
21 Nov 00never Port Gamble Valparaiso 873,049 ft lumber worth $8740caught fire, arrived at Callao 19 Mar 01 [50]
12 Jul 01 Callao San Franciscorepaired at Callao [51]
19 Dec 0119 Jan 02 Hakodate San Francisco [52]
17 Sep 0231 Mar 03 Hakodate San Franciscosulphur, 300 tons general300t general loaded at Yokohama [53] arrives in bad shape in Honolulu 14 Feb [54]
24 Apr 03San FranciscoPortland [55]
9 Dec 03 Hakodate San Francisco1,200 tons brimstone [56]

Lines

Albion River Steamship Company

was incorporated May 31, 1902 by Robert H. Swayne, who also incorporated the Albion & Southeastern Railroad on May 8, 1902, and had bought on April 1, 1902, the Albion River Railroad from the Albion River Lumber Co. for $67,500. The goal was a transport service from Bonneville to Albion and from thereon by ship to San Francisco. [57]

Pacific Argentine Brazil Line (1920-)

Established in 1920, first announced in May, to be on a monthly schedule, through the Magellan Strait and return through the Panama Canal or this route in reverse. Initially four newly launched ships, the Pallas and Rotarian by Todd Tacoma, the West Notus and West Norranus by Southwestern Shipbuilding in San Pedro, all owned by the USSB, all going on their maiden voyage for the Line. [58] [59] [60]

Seattle - San Francisco - San Pedro - Magellan Strait - Buenos Aires - Montevideo - Santos - Panama Canal - San Pedro - San Francisco - Seattle

Swayne & Hoyt was classified as a Class 8 manager and/or operator (25,000 to 49,999 dwt) by the USSB in 1920, with 32,600dwt (2 * 7,500 + 2 * 8,800 = 32,600). Barber SS Lines was the largest at that time, Class No. 2 with 344,187dwt and there was a total of 42 Class 8 operators managing 1,437,336dwt worth of USSB-owned ships. [61]

ShipDeparts SFArr. Buenos AiresP.Canal A->PP.Canal P->A
Pallas27 Jun 20 [62] 25 Sep [63]
West Norranus10 Jul 20 [64]
West Notus29 Jul 20 [65] 23 Sep [66]
Rotarian8 Aug 20 [67] 22 Sep (Rosario) [68] 22 Nov [69]
Pallas24 Nov 20
West Notus10 Jan 21
Rotarian7 Apr 21
West Notus2 May 21
Rotarian16 Jun 21
Pallas29 Jul 21
West Notus30 Sep 21
Pallas24 Oct 21
Rotarian18 Nov 21
West Notus18 Dec 21
West Katan12 Jan 22
Rotarian9 Feb 22
West Notus17 Feb 22
West Katan18 Apr 22
West Notus9 May 22
West Gambo16 Jun 22

At the end of 1922 the composition of the ships was changed, three combined Passenger / Cargo liners with refrigerated cargo holds were allocated by the USSB: President Hayes, President Harrison and Susquehanna, [70] which were to operate alongside 2 cargo ships. [71]

Pacific Caribbean Gulf Line (1920-1926)

Establishment of the line was first announced on July 13, 1920, by Charles Brown of S&H. First ship was to be the Eldorado sailing from New Orleans in August, followed by the Alvarado in September. [72] The Iris was added to serve the route on September 11, after finishing repairs in Long Beach. [73]

The Colombian ports of Cartagena and Barranquilla were also served on a regular basis, Cuba and other West Indian ports were considered opportunities from the start, if the business conditions allowed. Round-trip time was on the order of two and a half months. [74]

A perennial advertisement in Traffic World started appearing in August 1920, listing (updated) approximate departure dates of named ships. The J.H.W. Steele Company (630 Common Street, New Orleans, La.) acted as agents in Gulf ports. [75]

The Alvarado was delayed due to lack of freight. The New Orleans Chamber of Commerce was urging shippers to make use of the new service. [76] Alvarado departed New Orleans on October 13 for Cartagena [77] and crossed the Panama Canal on October 28. [78] Swayne & Hoyt announced in November that despite rumors the new service would be made permanent. [79]

ShipFrom1920ToFrom1920To
IrisSan Francisco8 NovNew YorkNew Orleans30 DecSan Francisco
AlvaradoSan Francisco13 DecHabanaNew Orleans24 JanSan Francisco
ShipFrom1921ToFrom1921To
Eastern SwordSeattle29 JanNew Orleans
EldoradoSan Francisco6 FebNew OrleansNew Orleans16 MarLos Angeles
Lake GunniNew Orleans6 MayLos Angeles
AlvaradoSeattle24 MarPorto RicoNew Orleans24 MaySan Francisco
EldoradoAberdeen19 MayNew OrleansNew Orleans4 JulLos Angeles
Lake HectorNew Orleans16 AugSeattle
IrisSan Francisco19 AugNew OrleansNew Orleans22 SepSan Francisco
EldoradoSan Francisco31 AugNew OrleansNew Orleans23 OctSeattle
Lake Hector Anacortes 7 OctNew Orleans
AlvaradoSan Francisco20 OctVera CruzNew Orleans28 NovSan Francisco
ShipFrom1922ToFrom1922To
EldoradoSan Francisco26 DecNew OrleansNew Orleans5 FebSan Francisco
EldoradoSan Francisco2 AprNew OrleansNew Orleans21 MaySeattle

Gulf Pacific Line (1926-)

The successor to the Pacific-Caribbean-Gulf Line, effective September 1, 1926. [80]

Effective November 1, 1930 the Redwood Line with 6 ships and the Gulf-Pacific Line with 7 ships merged with stocks on ships exchanged on a tonnage basis. Gulf Pacific was operating 9 ships (presumably this refers to the Point San Pablo and Point San Pedro) at the time on the line. The transfer was applied to ships sailing from Puget Sound, after November 1. [81]

Final roundtrips of the Redwood Line (Panama Canal Records)
NameFrom1930ToFrom1930To
DioSeattle11 JulNew OrleansNew Orleans8 AugTacoma
SabotawanSeattle16 JulMobileHouston17 AugSeattle
DochetPortland29 JulyNew OrleansNew Orleans30 AugTacoma
DelightSeattle16 AugNew OrleansHouston13 SepLos Angeles
Manhattan IslandPortland27 AugNew OrleansNew Orleans29 SepSeattle
AbronLongview, Wa.14 SepMobileHouston12 OctTacoma
DioSeattle27 SepMobileHouston2 NovSeattle
SabotawanSeattle5 OctNew OrleansNew Orleans16 NovSeattle
DelightEureka26 OctMobileLake Charles1 DecTacoma
DochetSeattle2 NovNew OrleansHouston13 DecSeattle
M. IslandSeattle23 NovNew OrleansHouston2 JanSeattle
Gulf Pacific Line (Panama Canal Records)
NameFrom1930ToFrom1930To
Point San PabloPortland25 JunNew OrleansNew Orleans2 AugSeattle
Point FerminSeattle12 JulNew OrleansCorpus Christi16 AugSan Francisco
Point MontaraVancouver, B.C.22 JulNew OrleansTampa2 SepVancouver, B.C.
Point SurPortland2 AugNew OrleansNew Orleans14 SepSan Francisco
Point ArenaSan Francisco16 AugNew OrleansNew Orleans28 SepSan Francisco
Point ReyesPortland3 SepNew OrleansCorpus Christi12 OctVancouver, B.C.
Point GordaSeattle10 SepNew OrleansCorpus Christi25 OctSeattle
Point San PabloVancouver, B.C.28 SepNew OrleansNew Orleans8 NovVancouver, B.C.
Point FerminPortland10 OctNew OrleansCorpus Christi22 NovSeattle
Point MontaraPortland30 OctNew OrleansTampa6 DecSeattle
Point SurSan Francisco8 NovNew OrleansCorpus Christi20 DecTacoma
NameFrom1930ToFrom1931To
Point ArenaPortland25 NovNew OrleansCorpus Christi6 JanSeattle
Point ReyesPortland8 DecNew OrleansHouston23 JanVancouver
AbronSeattle14 DecNew OrleansHouston15 JanSeattle
Point GordaPortland22 DecNew OrleansCorpus Christi9 FebSeattle
DioSeattle31 DecNew OrleansNew Orleans1 FebSeattle
NameFrom1931ToFrom1931To
Point BonitaVancouver, B.C.13 JanNew OrleansCorpus Christi26 FebSeattle
Point FerminSeattle16 JanNew Orleans
DelightSeattle24 JanNew OrleansNew Orleans21 FebSeattle
DochetPuget Sound5 FebMobileHouston12 MarVancouver, B.C.
Point MontaraPortland5 FebNew OrleansTampa15 MarSeattle

The Point Ancha, sailing September 20, 1932 marked the beginning of a new passenger and freight service between Pacific Coast ports and Baranquillo, Kingston, Tampico (definite), Cartagena, Curaçao (Dutch West Indies), Vera Cruz, Port-au-Prince and Manzanillo (probable). [82]

Water Carrier Agreements

Agreements approved by the Department of Commerce or the Shipping Board (SB).

No.Est.CancelWithCargoTypeABtransNotes
Sep 33Christenson-Hammond Line, McCormick SS Co, Nelson SS Cocanned fishfrom-toSan DiegoGulfLos Angeles [83]
532-CApr 34National Navigation Linesinedible tallow from-toGulf Guaymas San Francisco [84]
656-1-COct 33Erikson Nav Cofrom-toGulf Mare Island Navy Yard San Francisco [85]
673-CApr 34National Navigation LinesgeneralbetweenGulfwest coast of MexicoSan Francisco [84]
681-CApr 34National Navigation Linescrinkled paper bag linersfrom-toGulf Mazatlan, Topologampo San Francisco [84]
921-2-COct 33McCormick SS Co, Nelson SS Co, Pacific SS Linesfrom-toGulfPortland, Astoria, Seattle, TacomaSan Francisco [86]
1426-1-C, 1856-COct 33 Los Angeles SS Co canned fishfrom-toSan DiegoGulfLos Angeles [86]
1506-COct 33Oceanic and Oriental Nav Cofrom-toGulfOrientSan FranciscoGP [86]
1507-COct 33Blue Funnel Line, Osaka Shosen Kaisha, States SS Co, Tacoma Oriental SS Cofrom-toGulfOrientLos Angeles, San Francisco, Portland, Tacoma, Seattle [85]
1668-COct 33Christenson-Hammond Linefrom-toGulf Hoquiam, Aberdeen San Francisco [85]
Aug 31Tampa Interocean SS Cocorkfrom-toSpainPacificNew OrleansSB [87]
2440Sep 33Oceanic SS Co., Oceanic and Oriental Nav. Co.from-toAustralia, New ZealandGulfLos Angeles, San Francisco [88]
2468Sep 33Dollar SS Linesfrom-toPhilippines, China, JapanGulfLos Angeles, San Francisco [89]
2464, 2465Sep 33Kawasaki Kisen Kaishafrom-toChina, JapanGulfSeattle [90]
2545Oct 33Sacramento Nav Co, California Nav Cofrom-toGulf Sacramento, Stockton San Francisco [91]
2625Feb 34California SS Co, Los Angeles SS Co , McCormick SS Co, Pacific Steamship Lines LtdgeneralbetweenSan DiegoGulfLos Angeles [92]
2718Mar 34Kawasaki Kisen Kubushiki Kaishageneralfrom-toChina, JapanGulfSeattle, San Francisco, Los Angeles [93]
2583Mar 34Wilh. Wilhelmsen, Aktiebolaget Svenska Amerika Mexiko Liniencoffeefrom-toVera CruzPacificNew Orleans [94]
2984May 34Matson Navigation Co, Oceanic SS Co, Los Angeles SS Co generalbetweenGulfHawaiiSan Francisco, Los Angeles [95]
3658Dec 34Lykes SS Cocanned grapefruit, canned pineapple, coconutsfrom-toPuerto RicoPacificHouston, Galveston, Beaumont, Lake Charles [96]

Pacific Australia Line

Las Vegas (Los Angeles SB), Vinita (Long Beach SB), West Cahokia (Western P&S), West Islip (Ames), Hollywood (Southwestern), all owned by the USSB. [97]

Agency

For the Calmar Line in Seattle, Portland, Oakland, San Francisco, Los Angeles, [98] from at least Jan 1931 to at least Dec 1933.

Gulf Intercoastal Conference

Notes

  1. The USSB report appears to be inaccurate

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References

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