The Supreme Court of India is the supreme judicial authority and the highest court of the Republic of India. It is the final court of appeal for all civil and criminal cases in India except for Muslim personal law. It also has the power of judicial review. The Supreme Court,which consists of the Chief Justice of India and a maximum of fellow 33 judges,has extensive powers in the form of original,appellate and advisory jurisdictions.
Mohd. Ahmad Khan v. Shah Bano Begum [1985],commonly referred to as the Shah Bano case,was a controversial maintenance lawsuit in India,in which the Supreme Court delivered a judgment favouring maintenance given to an aggrieved divorced Muslim woman. Then the Congress government enacted a law with its most controversial aspect being the right to maintenance for the period of iddat after the divorce,and shifting the onus of maintaining her to her relatives or the Waqf Board. It was seen as discriminatory as it denied right to basic maintenance available to Muslim women under secular law.
Abdul Nasar Ma'dani,also spelled Abdunnasir Ma'dani is an Indian politician and Islamic cleric. He is the leader of Peoples Democratic Party (PDP) from Kerala.
The high courts of India are the highest courts of appellate jurisdiction in each state and union territory of India. However,a high court exercises its original civil and criminal jurisdiction only if the subordinate courts are not authorized by law to try such matters for lack of peculiar or territorial jurisdiction. High courts may also enjoy original jurisdiction in certain matters,if so designated,especially by the constitution,a state law or union law.
Arif Mohammad Khan is an Indian politician belonging to the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP). He is currently the Governor of Kerala. He is a former Union Minister. He has held several portfolios ranging from energy to civil aviation.
All India Muslim Personal Law Board (AIMPLB) is a non-governmental organization in India that represents the interests of Muslims in matters of personal law. It was formed in 1973 with the objective of protecting and promoting the application of Islamic personal law among Muslims in India. The AIMPLB is primarily concerned with issues related to marriage,divorce,inheritance,and other personal matters governed by Islamic law,known as Shariah. The AIMPLB has been involved in various significant cases and debates,including those related to the Muslim Women Act,the Shah Bano case,and the Triple Talaq issue. It has also played a role in advocating for the preservation of Muslim personal laws and resisting attempts to introduce a uniform civil code in India.
The Ayodhya dispute is a political,historical,and socio-religious debate in India,centred on a plot of land in the city of Ayodhya,Uttar Pradesh. The issues revolve around the control of a site regarded since at least the 18th century among many Hindus to be the birthplace of their deity Rama,the history and location of the Babri Masjid mosque at the site,and whether a previous Hindu temple was demolished or modified to create the mosque.
Ravi Shankar Prasad is an Indian politician and lawyer,from the Bharatiya Janata Party. A Member of Parliament since 2000,first in the Rajya Sabha (2000–2019) and then in the Lok Sabha,Prasad has served as Union Minister multiple times:As Minister of State,he served in the ministries of Coal (2001–2003),Law and Justice (2002–2003),and Information and Broadcasting (2003–2004) under Atal Bihari Vajpayee's premiership;as Cabinet Minister,he held the Law and Justice,Communications,and Electronics and Information Technology (2014–2021) portfolios under Narendra Modi's premiership.
Rohinton Fali Nariman is a former judge of the Supreme Court of India. Before being elevated as a judge,he practised as a senior counsel at the Supreme Court. He was appointed the Solicitor General of India on 23 July 2011. He also served as a member of the Bar Council of India. He was designated as a Senior Counsel by Chief Justice Manepalli Narayana Rao Venkatachaliah in 1993 at the early age of 37.
Jagdish Singh Khehar is a former senior advocate and a former judge,who served as the 44th Chief Justice of India in 2017. Khehar is the first chief justice from the Sikh community. He has been a judge in Supreme Court of India from 13 September 2011 to 27 August 2017 upon superannuation. He served for a brief period but gave many landmark judgements such as the Triple Talaq and the Right to Privacy verdict. He was succeeded by Justice Dipak Misra.
Dipak Misra is an Indian jurist who served as the 45th Chief Justice of India from 28 August 2017 till 2 October 2018. He is also former Chief Justice of the Patna High Court and Delhi High Court. He is the nephew of Justice Ranganath Misra,who was the 21st Chief Justice from 1990 to 1991.
Kurian Joseph is a former judge of the Supreme Court of India. Previously,he has served as chief justice of the Himachal Pradesh High Court and judge of the Kerala High Court.
Nuthalapati Venkata Ramana is a former Indian judge and journalist who served as the 48th Chief Justice of India.
Uday Umesh Lalit is an Indian lawyer and former Supreme Court Judge,who served as the 49th Chief Justice of India. Previously,he has served as a judge of Supreme Court of India. Prior to his elevation as a judge,he practised as a senior counsel at the Supreme Court. Justice Lalit is one of the eleven senior counsels who have been directly elevated to the Supreme Court. He is currently ‘Distinguished Visiting Professor’at Ashank Desai Centre for Policy Studies,Indian Institute of Technology,Bombay and Distinguished Visiting Professor at West Bengal National University of Juridical Sciences.
Triple talaq and talaq-e-mughallazah are now-banned means of Islamic divorce previously available to Muslims in India,especially adherents of Hanafi Sunni Islamic schools of jurisprudence. A Muslim man could legally divorce his wife by proclaiming three times consecutively the word talaq.
Justice K.S. Puttaswamy (Retd.) &Anr. vs. Union of India &Ors. (2017),also known as the Right to Privacy verdict,is a landmark decision of the Supreme Court of India,which holds that the right to privacy is protected as a fundamental right under Articles 14,19 and 21 of the Constitution of India. The original petitioner Justice K.S. Puttaswamy was former judge of the Karnataka High Court
Maulana Syed Shahabuddin Salfi Firdausi was an Indian Islamic scholar,author and peace activist. He founded Athar Blood Bank in 2012 at Solapur.
The final judgement in the Ayodhya dispute was declared by the Supreme Court of India on 9 November 2019. The Supreme Court ordered the disputed land to be handed over to a trust to build the Ram Janmabhoomi temple. The court also ordered the government to give an alternative 5 acres of land in another place to the Uttar Pradesh Sunni Central Waqf Board for the purpose of building a mosque as a replacement for the demolished Babri Masjid.
Muhammad Bin Abdullah Masjid or Ayodhya Mosque is being constructed in Dhannipur,Ayodhya district,Uttar Pradesh,at the Supreme Court of India designated site following the verdict related to the Ayodhya dispute case.
Maulana Mohammad Mirza Yasoob Abbas is an Islamic cleric and speaker of All India Shia Personal Law Board (AISPLB). He is a member of the India Islamic Culture Centre,Delhi and Shia College,Lucknow.
