The Supreme Court of India is the supreme judicial authority and the highest court of the Republic of India. It is the final court of appeal for all civil and criminal cases in India. It also has the power of judicial review. The Supreme Court,which consists of the Chief Justice of India and a maximum of fellow 33 judges,has extensive powers in the form of original,appellate and advisory jurisdictions.
Mohd. Ahmad Khan v. Shah Bano Begum [1985],commonly referred to as the Shah Bano case,was a controversial maintenance lawsuit in India,in which the Supreme Court delivered a judgment favouring maintenance given to an aggrieved divorced Muslim woman. Then the Congress government enacted a law with its most controversial aspect being the right to maintenance for the period of iddat after the divorce,and shifting the onus of maintaining her to her relatives or the Waqf Board. It was seen as discriminatory as it denied right to basic maintenance available to Muslim women under secular law.
Arif Mohammad Khan is an Indian politician belonging to the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP). He is currently the Governor of Kerala. He is a former Union Minister. He has held several portfolios ranging from energy to civil aviation.
All India Muslim Personal Law Board (AIMPLB) is a non-governmental organization in India that represents the interests of Muslims in matters of personal law. It was formed in 1973 with the objective of protecting and promoting the application of Islamic personal law among Muslims in India. The AIMPLB is primarily concerned with issues related to marriage,divorce,inheritance,and other personal matters governed by Islamic law,known as Shariah. The AIMPLB has been involved in various significant cases and debates,including those related to the Muslim Women Act,the Shah Bano case,and the Triple Talaq issue. It has also played a role in advocating for the preservation of Muslim personal laws and resisting attempts to introduce a uniform civil code in India.
The Ayodhya dispute is a political,historical,and socio-religious debate in India,centred on a plot of land in the city of Ayodhya,Uttar Pradesh. The issues revolve around the control of a site regarded since at least the 18th century among many Hindus to be the birthplace of their deity Rama,the history and location of the Babri Masjid mosque at the site,and whether a previous Hindu temple was demolished or modified to create the mosque.
Ravi Shankar Prasad is an Indian politician and lawyer,from the Bharatiya Janata Party. A Member of Parliament since 2000,first in the Rajya Sabha (2000–2019) and then in the Lok Sabha,Prasad has served as Union Minister multiple times:As Minister of State,he served in the ministries of Coal (2001–2003),Law and Justice (2002–2003),and Information and Broadcasting (2003–2004) under Atal Bihari Vajpayee's premiership;as Cabinet Minister,he held the Law and Justice,Communications,and Electronics and Information Technology (2014–2021) portfolios under Narendra Modi's premiership.
Jasti Chelameswar is a former judge of the Supreme Court of India. He retired on 22 June 2018 as the second most senior supreme court judge. He previously served as the chief justice of the Kerala High Court from 2010 to 2011 and the Gauhati High Court from 2007 to 2010. He was also one of the four judges who held a controversial press conference against Chief Justice Dipak Misra.
Rohinton Fali Nariman is a former judge of the Supreme Court of India. Before being elevated as a judge,he practised as a senior counsel at the Supreme Court. He was appointed the Solicitor General of India on 23 July 2011. He also served as a member of the Bar Council of India. He was designated as a Senior Counsel by Chief Justice Manepalli Narayana Rao Venkatachaliah in 1993 at the early age of 37.
Jagdish Singh Khehar is a former senior advocate and a former judge,who served as the 44th Chief Justice of India in 2017. Khehar is the first chief justice from the Sikh community. He has been a judge in Supreme Court of India from 13 September 2011 to 27 August 2017 upon superannuation. He served for a brief period but gave many landmark judgements such as the Triple Talaq and the Right to Privacy verdict. He was succeeded by Justice Dipak Misra.
Ranjan Gogoi is an Indian former advocate and judge who served as the 46th Chief Justice of India from 2018 to 2019,having previously served as a Judge of the Supreme Court of India from 2012 to 2018. He is currently a Member of the Rajya Sabha,having been nominated by President Ram Nath Kovind on 16 March 2020. Gogoi served as a judge in the Gauhati High Court from 2001 to 2010,and then was transferred as a judge to the Punjab and Haryana High Court from 2010 to 2011 where he later was the Chief Justice from 2011 to 2012. He is also a member of the Committee on External Affairs in the Rajya Sabha.
Dipak Misra is an Indian jurist who served as the 45th Chief Justice of India from 28 August 2017 till 2 October 2018. He is also former Chief Justice of the Patna High Court and Delhi High Court. He is the nephew of Justice Ranganath Misra,who was the 21st Chief Justice from 1990 to 1991.
Kurian Joseph is a former judge of the Supreme Court of India. Previously,he has served as chief justice of the Himachal Pradesh High Court and judge of the Kerala High Court.
Sharad Arvind Bobde is an Indian judge who served as the 47th Chief Justice of India from 18 November 2019 to 23 April 2021.
Nuthalapati Venkata Ramana is a former Indian judge and journalist who served as the 48th Chief Justice of India.
Uday Umesh Lalit is an Indian lawyer and former Supreme Court Judge,who served as the 49th Chief Justice of India. Previously,he has served as a judge of Supreme Court of India. Prior to his elevation as a judge,he practised as a senior counsel at the Supreme Court. Justice Lalit is one of the six senior counsels who have been directly elevated to the Supreme Court. He is currently ‘Distinguished Visiting Professor’at Ashank Desai Centre for Policy Studies,Indian Institute of Technology,Bombay. and Distinguished Visiting Professor at West Bengal National University of Juridical Sciences
Triple talaq and talaq-e-mughallazah are now-banned means of Islamic divorce previously available to Muslims in India,especially adherents of Hanafi Sunni Islamic schools of jurisprudence. A Muslim man could legally divorce his wife by proclaiming three times consecutively the word talaq.
The final judgement in the Ayodhya dispute was declared by the Supreme Court of India on 9 November 2019. The Supreme Court ordered the disputed land to be handed over to a trust to build the Ram Janmabhoomi temple. The court also ordered the government to give an alternative 5 acres of land in another place to the Uttar Pradesh Sunni Central Waqf Board for the purpose of building a mosque as a replacement for the demolished Babri Masjid.
Bangalore Venkataramiah Nagarathna is a judge of the Supreme Court of India. She served as a judge of the Karnataka High Court from 2008 to 2021. Her father,E. S. Venkataramiah,was Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of India in 1989.
Maulana Mohammad Mirza Yasoob Abbas is an Islamic cleric and speaker of All India Shia Personal Law Board (AISPLB). He is a member of the India Islamic Culture Centre,Delhi and Shia College,Lucknow.
Pamidighantam Sri Narasimha is a judge of the Supreme Court of India. He is former Additional Solicitor General of India. He is well known for his work on the Ayodhya Title Dispute and the BCCI cases.
