Ayodhya is a city situated on the banks of the Sarayu river in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It is the administrative headquarters of the Ayodhya district as well as the Ayodhya division of Uttar Pradesh,India. Ayodhya became the top tourist destination of Uttar Pradesh with 110 million visitors in the first half of 2024,surpassing Varanasi.
Babri Masjid was a mosque in Ayodhya,India. It has been claimed to have been built upon the site of Ram Janmabhoomi,the legendary birthplace of Rama,a principal deity of Hinduism. It has been a focus of dispute between the Hindu and Muslim communities since the 19th century. According to the mosque's inscriptions,it was built in 1528–29 by Mir Baqi,a commander of the Mughal emperor Babur. Before the 1940s,the masjid was officially known as "Masjid-i-Janmasthan". The mosque was attacked and demolished by a Hindu nationalist mob in 1992,which ignited communal violence across the Indian subcontinent.
The Supreme Court of India is the supreme judicial authority and the highest court of the Republic of India. It is the final court of appeal for all civil and criminal cases in India. It also has the power of judicial review. The Supreme Court,which consists of the Chief Justice of India and a maximum of fellow 33 judges,has extensive powers in the form of original,appellate and advisory jurisdictions.
Mohd. Ahmad Khan v. Shah Bano Begum [1985],commonly referred to as the Shah Bano case,was a controversial maintenance lawsuit in India,in which the Supreme Court delivered a judgment favouring maintenance given to an aggrieved divorced Muslim woman. Then the Congress government enacted a law with its most controversial aspect being the right to maintenance for the period of iddat after the divorce,and shifting the onus of maintaining her to her relatives or the Waqf Board. It was seen as discriminatory as it denied right to basic maintenance available to Muslim women under secular law.
Abdul Nasar Ma'dani,also spelled Abdunnasir Ma'dani is an Indian politician and Islamic cleric. He is the leader of Peoples Democratic Party (PDP) from Kerala.
The high courts of India are the highest courts of appellate jurisdiction in each state and union territory of India. However,a high court exercises its original civil and criminal jurisdiction only if the subordinate courts are not authorized by law to try such matters for lack of peculiar or territorial jurisdiction. High courts may also enjoy original jurisdiction in certain matters,if so designated,especially by the constitution,a state law or union law.
Arif Mohammad Khan is an Indian politician belonging to the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP). He is currently the Governor of Kerala. He is a former Union Minister. He has held several portfolios ranging from energy to civil aviation.
The Ayodhya dispute is a political,historical,and socio-religious debate in India,centred on a plot of land in the city of Ayodhya,Uttar Pradesh. The issues revolve around the control of a site regarded since at least the 18th century among many Hindus to be the birthplace of their deity Rama,the history and location of the Babri Masjid mosque at the site,and whether a previous Hindu temple was demolished or modified to create the mosque.
Ravi Shankar Prasad is an Indian politician and lawyer,from the Bharatiya Janata Party. A Member of Parliament since 2000,first in the Rajya Sabha (2000–2019) and then in the Lok Sabha,Prasad has served as Union Minister multiple times:As Minister of State,he served in the ministries of Coal (2001–2003),Law and Justice (2002–2003),and Information and Broadcasting (2003–2004) under Atal Bihari Vajpayee's premiership;as Cabinet Minister,he held the Law and Justice,Communications,and Electronics and Information Technology (2014–2021) portfolios under Narendra Modi's premiership.
Rohinton Fali Nariman is a former judge of the Supreme Court of India. Before being elevated as a judge,he practised as a senior counsel at the Supreme Court. He was appointed the Solicitor General of India on 23 July 2011. He also served as a member of the Bar Council of India. He was designated as a Senior Counsel by Chief Justice Manepalli Narayana Rao Venkatachaliah in 1993 at the early age of 37.
Jagdish Singh Khehar is an Indian jurist,who served as the 44th Chief Justice of India from 4 January 2017 to 27 August 2017 He was the first Sikh Chief Justice of India. He has been a judge in Supreme Court of India from 13 September 2011 to 27 August 2017 upon superannuation. He served for a brief period but gave many landmark judgements such as the Triple Talaq and the Right to Privacy verdict. He was succeeded by Justice Dipak Misra.
Dipak Misra is an Indian jurist who served as the 45th Chief Justice of India from 28 August 2017 till 2 October 2018. He is also former Chief Justice of the Patna High Court and Delhi High Court. He is the nephew of Justice Ranganath Misra,who was the 21st Chief Justice from 1990 to 1991.
Kurian Joseph is a former judge of the Supreme Court of India. Previously,he has served as chief justice of the Himachal Pradesh High Court and judge of the Kerala High Court.
Uday Umesh Lalit is an Indian lawyer and former Supreme Court Judge,who served as the 49th Chief Justice of India. Previously,he has served as a judge of Supreme Court of India. Prior to his elevation as a judge of the supreme court,he practised as a senior advocate at the Supreme Court. Justice Lalit is one of the eleven senior counsels who have been directly elevated to the Supreme Court. He is currently ‘Distinguished Visiting Professor’at Ashank Desai Centre for Policy Studies,Indian Institute of Technology,Bombay and Distinguished Visiting Professor at West Bengal National University of Juridical Sciences.
Triple talaq and talaq-e-mughallazah are now-banned means of Islamic divorce previously available to Muslims in India,especially adherents of Hanafi Sunni Islamic schools of jurisprudence. A Muslim man could legally divorce his wife by proclaiming three times consecutively the word talaq.
Justice K.S. Puttaswamy (Retd.) &Anr. vs. Union of India &Ors. (2017),commonly known as the Right to Privacy verdict,was a landmark decision of the Supreme Court of India,which held that the right to privacy is protected as a fundamental right under Articles 14,19 and 21 of the Constitution of India. The original petitioner Justice K.S. Puttaswamy was former judge of the Karnataka High Court
The Muslim Women Act,2019 is an Act of the Parliament of India criminalising triple talaq. In August 2017,the Supreme Court of India declared triple talaq,which enables Muslim men to instantly divorce their wives,to be unconstitutional. The minority opinion suggested the Parliament to consider appropriate legislation governing triple talaq in the Muslim community.
Maulana Syed Shahabuddin Salfi Firdausi was an Indian Islamic scholar,author and peace activist. He founded Athar Blood Bank in 2012 at Solapur.
The final judgement in the Ayodhya dispute was declared by the Supreme Court of India on 9 November 2019. The Supreme Court ordered the disputed land to be handed over to a trust to build the Ram Janmabhoomi temple. The court also ordered the government to give an alternative 5 acres of land in another place to the Uttar Pradesh Sunni Central Waqf Board for the purpose of building a mosque as a replacement for the demolished Babri Masjid.
Maulana Mohammad Mirza Yasoob Abbas is an Islamic cleric and speaker of All India Shia Personal Law Board (AISPLB). He is a member of the India Islamic Culture Centre,Delhi and Shia College,Lucknow.
