T38 (classification)

Last updated

T38 and CP8 are disability sport classification for disability athletics intended for people with cerebral palsy. It includes people who have coordination impairments such as hypertonia, ataxia and athetosis. Runners in this class may appear to have a slight limp when they are running but otherwise have a stride similar to able-bodied runners. Events for this class include 100 meters, 400 meters, 1,500 meters, and the long jump.

Contents

Sport

T38 competitor Evan O'Hanlon
The spasticity athetosis level and location of a CP8 sportsperson. CP8 disability profile.png
The spasticity athetosis level and location of a CP8 sportsperson.

This classification is for disability athletics. [1] This classification is one of seven classifications for athletes with cerebral palsy. Similar classifications are T32, T33, T34, T35, T36, T37 and T38. [2] [1] The T35 to T38 classes are classes for ambulant sportspeople. [1] [3] The Australian Paralympic Committee defines this classification as being for "Minimal hemiplegia, ataxia, diplegia or athetosis. May have minimal co-ordination problems, good balance. Runs and jumps freely." [4] The International Paralympic Committee defined this classification on their website in July 2016 as, "Coordination impairments (hypertonia, ataxia and athetosis)". [5] They then go into more detail saying, "Athletes have clear evidence of hypertonia, ataxia and/or athetosis on physical assessment that will affect running. Co-ordination impairment is mild to moderate and can be in one to four limbs. Co-ordination and balance are typically mildly affected, and overall these athletes are able to run and jump freely." [5]

Disability groups

Multiple types of disabilities are eligible to compete in this class. This class includes people who have cerebral palsy, or who have had a stroke or traumatic brain injury. [6] [7]

Cerebral palsy

CP8

In athletic events, CP8 competitors participate T38/F38 classes. [7] [8] [9] [10] In athletics, the form used in racing appears similar to able-bodied competitors, but should have some sort of visible limp. [8] [7] The class participates in jumping events. [7]

Cerebral Palsy-International Sports and Recreation Association defined this class in January 2005 as, "Minimal involvement 27 This class is for the minimally affected diplegic Spasticity Grade 1; hemiplegic Spasticity Grade 1: monoplegic; minimal athetoid/ataxic athlete. According to point 1.2 the athlete must have an obvious impairment of function evident during classification. This athlete may appear to have near normal function when running but the athlete must demonstrate a limitation in function to classifiers based on evidence of spasticity (increased tone), ataxic, athetoid or dystonic movements while performing on the field of play or in training." [11] This is general manifested as spasticity in at least one limb. [12] [13] They are able to freely engage in a number of sport related motions including jumping. They also tend to have good balance and have minimal issues with coordination. [12] [7] [14] People in this class tend to have energy expenditure similar to people without cerebral palsy. [6]

Les Autres

People with Les Autres related disabilities also compete in this class because of their hypertonia, ataxia and/or athetosis. [5] [15]

Rules and performance

Athletes in this class are not required to use a starting block. It is up to the individual. They have the option to start from a crouch, from a standing position or 3 point stance. [16] In track events, officials are encouraged to avoid keeping these athletes in the starting block too long. Because of their condition, athletes may make movements that normally would disqualify them as a false start. If an official believes movement could be a result of this, they can restart the entire field without disqualifying any runners. [16]

History

The classification was created by the International Paralympic Committee and has roots in a 2003 attempt to address "the overall objective to support and co-ordinate the ongoing development of accurate, reliable, consistent and credible sport focused classification systems and their implementation." [17] For the 2016 Summer Paralympics in Rio, the International Paralympic Committee had a zero classification at the Games policy. This policy was put into place in 2014, with the goal of avoiding last minute changes in classes that would negatively impact athlete training preparations. All competitors needed to be internationally classified with their classification status confirmed prior to the Games, with exceptions to this policy being dealt with on a case-by-case basis. [18] In case there was a need for classification or reclassification at the Games despite best efforts otherwise, athletics classification was scheduled for September 4 and September 5 at Olympic Stadium. For sportspeople with physical or intellectual disabilities going through classification or reclassification in Rio, their in competition observation event is their first appearance in competition at the Games. [18]

Events

CP8 / T38 track and field athlete Tim Sullivan. 231000 - Athletics track 200m T38 final Tim Sullivan gold action 2 - 3b - 2000 Sydney race photo.jpg
CP8 / T38 track and field athlete Tim Sullivan.

The class participates in 100 metres, 400 metres, 1,500 metres, and the long jump. [7] [19] They may also participate in the 4 × 100 metres relay with other T35-38 class athletes, however no more than two T38-classified athletes are permitted per relay team. [20] Many events have their own qualifying standards for participation.

Qualification standards for the 2016 Summer Paralympics [19]
EventMenWomen
AQSBQSAQSBQS
100 metres 11.8513.0014.4015.80
400 metres 56.551:00.001:10.001:17.00
1500 metres 5:00.005:10.00—
Long jump 5.004.404.003.75
Discus throw —26.5022.00
Javelin throw 35.0030.00—
genderEventClassAQS/MQSBQSEvent
men's100mT3815.52016 IPC Athletics Asia-Oceania Championships [21]
women's100mT38172016 IPC Athletics Asia-Oceania Championships
men's100mT3800:12.82016 CAIXA Loteria Athletics Open Championship
women's100mT3800:18.02016 CAIXA Loteria Athletics Open Championship
men's100mT3812.52015 IPC Athletics World Championships
women's100mT38152015 IPC Athletics World Championships
men's100mT3813.12016 IPC Athletics European Championships [22]
women's100mT3815.82016 IPC Athletics European Championships [22]
men's100mT3813.252014 IPC Athletics European Championships
women's100mT3815.82014 IPC Athletics European Championships
men's100mT3816132016 IPC Athletics Asia-Oceania Championships
men's100mT3813.52015 Parapan American Games [23]
women's100mT3816.52015 Parapan American Games
men's1500mT37/3805:20.02016 IPC Athletics Asia-Oceania Championships
men's1500mT3805:00.02015 IPC Athletics World Championships
men's1500mT37/3805:10.02016 IPC Athletics European Championships [22]
men's1500mT37/3805:00.02014 IPC Athletics European Championships
men's1500mT37/3805:20.004:55.02016 IPC Athletics Asia-Oceania Championships
men's1500mT37/3805:10.02015 Parapan American Games
men's200mT38312016 IPC Athletics Asia-Oceania Championships
women's200mT38372016 IPC Athletics Asia-Oceania Championships
men's200mT3825.22015 IPC Athletics World Championships
women's200mT38322015 IPC Athletics World Championships
men's200mT38272016 IPC Athletics European Championships [22]
women's200mT3833.62016 IPC Athletics European Championships [22]
men's200mT38272014 IPC Athletics European Championships
men's200mT38312016 IPC Athletics Asia-Oceania Championships
men's200mT38272015 Parapan American Games
women's200mT38352015 Parapan American Games
men's400mT3801:10.02016 IPC Athletics Asia-Oceania Championships
women's400mT3801:25.02016 IPC Athletics Asia-Oceania Championships
men's400mT3801:00.02016 CAIXA Loteria Athletics Open Championship
women's400mT3801:25.02016 CAIXA Loteria Athletics Open Championship
men's400mT38582015 IPC Athletics World Championships
women's400mT3801:10.02015 IPC Athletics World Championships
men's400mT3801:05.02016 IPC Athletics European Championships [22]
women's400mT3801:19.02016 IPC Athletics European Championships [22]
men's400mT3801:05.02014 IPC Athletics European Championships
women's400mT3801:20.02014 IPC Athletics European Championships
men's400mT3801:10.001:00.02016 IPC Athletics Asia-Oceania Championships
men's400mT381.07.002015 Parapan American Games
women's400mT37/3801:20.02015 Parapan American Games
women's4 × 100 mT35-38ranking2016 IPC Athletics European Championships
women's4 × 100 mT35-38nil2014 IPC Athletics European Championships
men's800mT37/382.30.002016 IPC Athletics Asia-Oceania Championships
men's800mT37/3802:18.02015 IPC Athletics World Championships
men's800mT37/3802:30.02016 IPC Athletics European Championships
men's800mT37/3802:30.02014 IPC Athletics European Championships
men's800mT37/3802:30.02016 IPC Athletics Asia-Oceania Championships
men'sdiscusF3825.00m2016 IPC Athletics Asia-Oceania Championships
women'sdiscusF3816.00m2016 IPC Athletics Asia-Oceania Championships
women'sdiscusF37/3822.00m2015 IPC Athletics World Championships
women'sdiscusF3818.00m2016 IPC Athletics European Championships
men'sdiscusF37/3837.00m2014 IPC Athletics European Championships
women'sdiscusF37/3818.00m2014 IPC Athletics European Championships
men'sdiscusF3825.00m2016 IPC Athletics Asia-Oceania Championships
women'sdiscusF3825.00m2015 Parapan American Games
men'sjavelinF3826.00m2016 IPC Athletics Asia-Oceania Championships
men'sjavelinF3835.00m2015 IPC Athletics World Championships
men'sjavelinF37/3832.00m2016 IPC Athletics European Championships
men'sjavelinF37/3832.00m2014 IPC Athletics European Championships
men'sjavelinF3830.00m30.00m2016 IPC Athletics Asia-Oceania Championships
women'sjavelinF3820.00m2015 Parapan American Games
men'slong jumpT384.00m2016 IPC Athletics Asia-Oceania Championships
women'slong jumpT383.60m2016 IPC Athletics Asia-Oceania Championships
men'slong jumpT384.72016 CAIXA Loteria Athletics Open Championship
men'slong jumpT385.00m2015 IPC Athletics World Championships
women'slong jumpT383.90m2015 IPC Athletics World Championships
men'slong jumpT384.20m2016 IPC Athletics European Championships
women'slong jumpT383.60m2016 IPC Athletics European Championships
men'slong jumpT384.50m2014 IPC Athletics European Championships
women'slong jumpT383.50m2014 IPC Athletics European Championships
men'slong jumpT384.00m4.40m2016 IPC Athletics Asia-Oceania Championships
men'slong jumpT384.40m2015 Parapan American Games
women'slong jumpT383.50m2015 Parapan American Games
men'sshot putF389.00m2016 IPC Athletics Asia-Oceania Championships
women'sshot putF385.40m2016 IPC Athletics Asia-Oceania Championships
men'sshot putF3810.00m2015 IPC Athletics World Championships
men'sshot putF389.00m2016 IPC Athletics European Championships
men'sshot putF389.00m2014 IPC Athletics European Championships
women'sshot putF388.00m2015 Parapan American Games

Governance

Classification into this class is handled by the International Paralympic Committee. [5] For national events, classification is handled by the national athletics organization. [24]

Becoming classified

Athletes with cerebral palsy or similar impairments who wish to compete in para-athletics competition must first undergo a classification assessment. During this, they both undergo a bench test of muscle coordination and demonstrate their skills in athletics, such as running, jumping or throwing. A determination is then made as to what classification an athlete should compete in. Classifications may be Confirmed or Review status. For athletes who do not have access to a full classification panel, Provisional classification is available; this is a temporary Review classification, considered an indication of class only, and generally used only in lower levels of competition. [25]

Competitors

Notable competitors in this class include T38 Australian sprinter Tim Sullivan. At the home hosted 2000 Summer Paralympics, he won three gold medals. [10] Australian athletics competitors in this class include Evan O'Hanlon, Tim Sullivan and Katy Parrish. [26]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Paralympic sports</span> Type of sport with events contested at the Paralympic Games

The Paralympic sports comprise all the sports contested in the Summer and Winter Paralympic Games. As of 2020, the Summer Paralympics included 22 sports and 539 medal events, and the Winter Paralympics include 5 sports and disciplines and about 80 events. The number and kinds of events may change from one Paralympic Games to another.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Summer Paralympic Games</span> International multi-sport event for disabled athletes

The Summer Paralympics, also known as the Games of the Paralympiad, are an international multi-sport event where athletes with physical disabilities compete. This includes athletes with mobility disabilities, amputations, blindness, and cerebral palsy. The Paralympic Games are held every four years, organized by the International Paralympic Committee. Medals are awarded in every event, with gold medals for first place, silver for second and bronze for third, a tradition that the Olympic Games started in 1904.

T32 is disability sport classification for track events in disability athletics. This is a wheelchair racing class. The classification is one of three classes of wheelchair racing for people with athetosis, ataxia or hypertonia. The number of events available to people in this class has decreased since the 1980s, with no T32 events at the 2016 Summer Paralympics. While undergoing classification, T32 competitors both undergo a bench test of muscle coordination and demonstrate their skills in athletics.

T33 and CP3 are disability sport classification for disability athletics. The class competes using a wheelchair. The classification is one of eight for people with cerebral palsy, and one of four for people with cerebral palsy who use a wheelchair. Athletes in this class have moderate quadriplegia, and difficulty with forward trunk movement. They also may have hypertonia, ataxia and athetosis.

T34 is a disability sport classification for disability athletics. The classification is one of eight specifically for athletes with cerebral palsy, and one of four for athletes with cerebral palsy who use a wheelchair. People in this class have hypertonia, ataxia and athetosis. This class includes people who have cerebral palsy, or who have had a stroke or traumatic brain injury.

T35 is a disability sport classification for disability athletics' running competitions. It includes people who have coordination impairments such as hypertonia, ataxia and athetosis. This includes people with cerebral palsy. The classification is used at the Paralympic Games. The corresponding F35 classification includes club and discus throw, shot put, and javelin.

T36 is a disability sport classification for disability athletics. It includes people who have coordination impairments such as hypertonia, ataxia and athetosis. It includes people with cerebral palsy. T36 is used by the International Paralympic Committee. This classification competes at the Paralympic Games.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">T37 (classification)</span> Para-athletics classification

T37 is a disability sport classification for disability athletics in track and jump events. It includes people who have coordination impairments such as hypertonia, ataxia and athetosis. It is the athletics equivalent of the more general CP7 classification.

Para triathlon is a variant of the triathlon for athletes with a physical disability. The sport is governed by World Triathlon, and was first held as a Paralympic event at the 2016 Summer Paralympics in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Para-cycling classification is the process of classifying participants in para-cycling covering four functional disability types. The classification system includes classes for handcycles for people who have lower limb mobility issues. The sport is governed by the Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI).

Paratriathlon classification is the classification system for athletes participating in paratriathlon. It is governed by the World Triathlon. The sport has been included in the 2016 Summer Paralympics.

LTA-PD is an adaptive rowing classification for people with physical disabilities that was developed in March 2011. It includes people with spinal cord injuries generally at around the S1 level. It also includes people with cerebral palsy. People in this class have issues with their legs, arms and trunk.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Para-equestrian</span> Type of disability sport

Para-equestrian is an equestrian sport governed by the International Federation for Equestrian Sports (FEI), and includes two competitive events. One is para-equestrian dressage, which is conducted under the same basic rules as conventional dressage, but with riders divided into different competition grades based on their functional abilities. The other is para-equestrian driving, which operates under the same basic rules as combined driving but places competitors in various grades based on their functional abilities.

CP7 is a disability sport classification specific to cerebral palsy. In many sports, it is grouped inside other classifications to allow people with cerebral palsy to compete against people with other different disabilities but with the same level of functionality. Sportspeople in this class can walk but may appear to have a limp as half their body is affected by cerebral palsy.

CP8 is a disability sport classification specific to cerebral palsy. In many sports, it is grouped inside other classifications to allow people with cerebral palsy to compete against people with other different disabilities but deemed to have an equivalent level of functionality.

Cerebral palsy sport classification is a classification system used by sports that include people with cerebral palsy (CP) with different degrees of severity to compete fairly against each other and against others with different types of disabilities. In general, Cerebral Palsy-International Sports and Recreation Association (CP-ISRA) serves as the body in charge of classification for cerebral palsy sport, though some sports have their own classification systems which apply to CP sportspeople.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Virgin Islands at the 2016 Summer Paralympics</span> Sporting event delegation

The United States Virgin Islands (USVI) sent a delegation to compete at the 2016 Summer Paralympics in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 7–18 September 2016. This was the Virgin Islands' second time competing at a Summer Paralympic Games. They were represented by one athlete, Ivan Espinosa, who contested one event, the men's 1500 meters T37. In that event, he came in 8th place.

The Women's 4 x 100 metres relay athletics events for the 2016 Summer Paralympics took place at the Estádio Olímpico João Havelange between 14 and 15 September 2016. A total of two events was contested over this distance, with the T11-T13 event being open to three different disability classifications for visually impaired athletes and the T35-38 event open to four classifications for athletes with cerebral palsy or similar impairments.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Athletics at the 2020 Summer Paralympics</span>

Athletics at the 2020 Summer Paralympics were held in the National Stadium in Tokyo. There was 167 medal events: 93 for men, 73 for women and one mixed event. It was the largest contest of the Games programme regarding athlete numbers and medal events to be scheduled.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Athletics at the 2020 Summer Paralympics – Men's 100 metres</span>

The Men's 100m athletics events for the 2020 Summer Paralympics took place at the Tokyo National Stadium from August 27 to September 4, 2021. A total of 16 events were contested over this distance. T11 and T12 events were hosted over three rounds, to accommodate sighted guides, while the T51 event was held as a straight final. All other 100 metre events consisted of semifinal round and final.

References

  1. 1 2 3 Buckley, Jane (2011). "Understanding Classification: A Guide to the Classification Systems used in Paralympic Sports". Archived from the original on 11 April 2011. Retrieved 12 November 2011.
  2. ↑ "Summer Sports » Athletics". Australia: Australian Paralympic Committee. Retrieved 19 November 2011.
  3. ↑ "Classifications | Wheelchair Racing Association (Singapore)". wcracing.org. Retrieved 2016-08-06.
  4. ↑ "Classification Information Sheet" (PDF). Sydney, Australia. 16 November 2011. Retrieved 19 November 2011.[ permanent dead link ]
  5. 1 2 3 4 "IPC Athletics Classification & Categories". www.paralympic.org. Retrieved 2016-07-22.
  6. 1 2 Broad, Elizabeth (2014-02-06). Sports Nutrition for Paralympic Athletes. CRC Press. ISBN   9781466507562.
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM FOR STUDENTS WITH A DISABILITY". Queensland Sport. Archived from the original on April 4, 2015. Retrieved July 23, 2016.
  8. 1 2 "Classification Profiles" (PDF). Cerebral Palsy International Sports and Recreation Association. Archived from the original (PDF) on August 18, 2016. Retrieved July 22, 2016.
  9. ↑ "Diocesan Athletics Championships - 2016 School Officials" (PDF). Wollongong Diocesan Sports Council. 2016. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-08-18. Retrieved July 23, 2016.
  10. 1 2 Cashman, Richmard; Darcy, Simon (2008-01-01). Benchmark Games. Benchmark Games. ISBN   9781876718053.
  11. ↑ "CLASSIFICATION AND SPORTS RULE MANUAL" (PDF). CPISRA. January 2005. Archived from the original (PDF) on August 15, 2016. Retrieved July 22, 2016.
  12. 1 2 "Clasificaciones de Ciclismo" (PDF). Comisión Nacional de Cultura Física y Deporte (in Mexican Spanish). Mexico. Retrieved July 23, 2016.[ permanent dead link ]
  13. ↑ "Kategorie postižení handicapovaných sportovců". Tyden (in Czech). September 12, 2008. Retrieved July 23, 2016.
  14. ↑ "Classification Made Easy" (PDF). Sportability British Columbia. July 2011. Retrieved July 23, 2016.
  15. ↑ Miller, Mark D.; Thompson, Stephen R. (2014-04-04). DeLee & Drez's Orthopaedic Sports Medicine. Elsevier Health Sciences. ISBN   9781455742219.
  16. 1 2 "PARALYMPIC TRACK & FIELD: Officials Training" (PDF). USOC. United States Olympic Committee. December 11, 2013. Retrieved August 6, 2016.
  17. ↑ "Paralympic Classification Today". International Paralympic Committee. 22 April 2010. p. 3.{{cite web}}: Missing or empty |url= (help)
  18. 1 2 "Rio 2016 Classification Guide" (PDF). International Paralympic Committee. March 2016. Retrieved July 22, 2016.
  19. 1 2 "ATHLETICS: RIO QUALIFICATION" (PDF). International Paralympic Committee. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-08-18.
  20. ↑ IPC Athletics Rule 23.11
  21. ↑ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-09-11. Retrieved 2016-08-07.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  22. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 http://www.britishathletics.org.uk/EasysiteWeb/getresource.axd?AssetID=141874&type=full&servicetype=Attachment%5B%5D
  23. ↑ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-08-18. Retrieved 2016-08-07.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  24. ↑ "Athletics Classification". Australian Paralympic Committee. Retrieved August 6, 2016.
  25. ↑ "CLASSIFICATION Information for Athletes" (PDF). Sydney Australia: Australian Paralympic Committee. 2 July 2010. Retrieved 19 November 2011.[ permanent dead link ]
  26. ↑ "Australian Athletics Classification Masterlist" (PDF). Sydney, Australia: Australian Paralympic Committee. 3 November 2011. Retrieved 19 November 2011.[ permanent dead link ]
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.