TIP39

PTH2
Identifiers
Aliases	PTH2 , TIP39, parathyroid hormone 2
External IDs	OMIM: 608386; MGI: 2152297; HomoloGene: 14235; GeneCards: PTH2; OMA:PTH2 - orthologs
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 19 (human) [1] Band 19q13.33 Start 49,422,419 bp [1] End 49,423,441 bp [1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 7 (mouse) [2] Band 7|7 B3 Start 44,830,419 bp [2] End 44,831,262 bp [2]
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in secondary oocyte rhombencephalon metencephalon cerebellum cerebellar cortex cerebellar hemisphere gonad right hemisphere of cerebellum sensory nervous system occipital lobe Top expressed in olfactory epithelium seminiferous tubule embryo tibiofemoral joint spermatid neural layer of retina lumbar spinal ganglion olfactory bulb spermatocyte artery More reference expression data BioGPS n/a
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 113091 114640 Ensembl ENSG00000142538 ENSMUSG00000038300 UniProt Q96A98 Q91W27 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_178449 NM_053256 RefSeq (protein) NP_848544 NP_444486 Location (UCSC) Chr 19: 49.42 – 49.42 Mb Chr 7: 44.83 – 44.83 Mb PubMed search [3] [4]
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

Tuberoinfundibular peptide of 39 residues is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PTH2 gene. ^{[5] [6]}

TIP39 is related to parathyroid hormone (PTH; MIM 168450) and PTH-related protein (PTHRP; MIM 168470) and is a ligand for PTH receptor-2 (PTHR2; MIM 601469) (John et al., 2002).[supplied by OMIM] ^[6]

The molecular interaction of TIP39 with the PTH2 receptor has been characterized in full 3D molecular detail, identifying among other residues, Tyr-318 in transmembrane helix 5 as a key residue for high affinity binding ^[7]

Expression of TIP39 has been linked to social interaction in both zebrafish ^[8] and rats. ^[9] In these species, mutations of TIP39 or its receptor lead to abnormal social behavior. ^{[10] [11]}

References

1. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000142538 – Ensembl, May 2017
2. GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000038300 – Ensembl, May 2017
3. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
4. "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
5. John MR, Arai M, Rubin DA, Jonsson KB, Juppner H (Feb 2002). "Identification and characterization of the murine and human gene encoding the tuberoinfundibular peptide of 39 residues". Endocrinology. 143 (3): 1047–57. doi: 10.1210/endo.143.3.8698 . PMID   11861531.
6. "Entrez Gene: TIP39 tuberoinfundibular 39 residue protein precursor".
7. Weaver RE, Mobarec JC, Wigglesworth MJ, Reynolds CA, Donnelly D (2017). "High affinity binding of the peptide agonist TIP-39 to the Parathyroid hormone 2 (PTH2) receptor requires the hydroxyl group of Tyr-318 on transmembrane helix 5". Biochemical Pharmacology. 127: 71–81. doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2016.12.013. PMC   5303546 . PMID   28012961.
8. Anneser L, Alcantara I, Gemmer A, Mirkes K, Ryu S, Schuman EM (2020). "The neuropeptide Pth2 dynamically senses others via mechanosensation". Nature. 588 (7839): 653–657. doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2988-z. hdl: 10871/123941 . PMID   33268890.
9. Keller D, Láng T, Cservenák M, Puska G, Barna J, Csillag V, Farkas I, Zelena D, Dóra F, Küppers S, Barteczko L, Usdin TB, Palkovits M, Hasan MT, Grinevich V, Dobolyi A (2022). "A thalamo-preoptic pathway promotes social grooming in rodents". Current Biology. 32 (21): 4593–4606. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.08.062 . PMID   36113471.
10. Anneser L, Gemmer A, Eilers T, Alcantara I, Loos AY, Ryu S, Schuman EM (2022). "The neuropeptide Pth2 modulates social behavior and anxiety in zebrafish". iScience. 25 (3) 103868. doi:10.1016/j.isci.2022.103868. PMC   8861652 . PMID   35243231.
11. Gellén B, Zelena D, Usdin TB, Dobolyi A (2017). "The parathyroid hormone 2 receptor participates in physiological and behavioral alterations of mother mice". Physiology and Behavior. 181: 51–58. doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.09.005. PMID   28890271. S2CID   40314841.

Further reading

• Usdin TB, Hoare SR, Wang T, et al. (1999). "TIP39: a new neuropeptide and PTH2-receptor agonist from hypothalamus". Nat. Neurosci. 2 (11): 941–3. doi:10.1038/14724. PMID   10526330. S2CID   22744817.
• Hoare SR, Clark JA, Usdin TB (2000). "Molecular determinants of tuberoinfundibular peptide of 39 residues (TIP39) selectivity for the parathyroid hormone-2 (PTH2) receptor. N-terminal truncation of TIP39 reverses PTH2 receptor/PTH1 receptor binding selectivity". J. Biol. Chem. 275 (35): 27274–83. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M003910200 . PMID   10854439.
• Dobolyi A, Ueda H, Uchida H, et al. (2002). "Anatomical and physiological evidence for involvement of tuberoinfundibular peptide of 39 residues in nociception". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (3): 1651–6. Bibcode:2002PNAS...99.1651D. doi: 10.1073/pnas.042416199 . PMC   122245 . PMID   11818570.
• Hansen IA, Jakob O, Wortmann S, et al. (2002). "Characterization of the human and mouse genes encoding the tuberoinfundibular peptide of 39 residues, a ligand of the parathyroid hormone receptor family". J. Endocrinol. 174 (1): 95–102. doi: 10.1677/joe.0.1740095 . PMID   12098667.
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. Bibcode:2002PNAS...9916899M. doi: 10.1073/pnas.242603899 . PMC   139241 . PMID   12477932.
• Della Penna K, Kinose F, Sun H, et al. (2003). "Tuberoinfundibular peptide of 39 residues (TIP39): molecular structure and activity for parathyroid hormone 2 receptor". Neuropharmacology. 44 (1): 141–53. doi:10.1016/S0028-3908(02)00335-0. PMID   12559132. S2CID   9974844.
• Misiano P, Scott BB, Scheideler MA, Garnier M (2004). "PTH2 receptor-mediated inhibitory effect of parathyroid hormone and TIP39 on cell proliferation". Eur. J. Pharmacol. 468 (3): 159–66. doi:10.1016/S0014-2999(03)01673-X. PMID   12754053.
• Bisello A, Manen D, Pierroz DD, et al. (2004). "Agonist-specific regulation of parathyroid hormone (PTH) receptor type 2 activity: structural and functional analysis of PTH- and tuberoinfundibular peptide (TIP) 39-stimulated desensitization and internalization". Mol. Endocrinol. 18 (6): 1486–98. doi: 10.1210/me.2003-0487 . PMID   14988434.
• Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, et al. (2004). "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)". Genome Res. 14 (10B): 2121–7. doi:10.1101/gr.2596504. PMC   528928 . PMID   15489334.