| TMEM69 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Identifiers | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Aliases | TMEM69 , C1orf154, transmembrane protein 69 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| External IDs | MGI: 3045357; HomoloGene: 9531; GeneCards: TMEM69; OMA:TMEM69 - orthologs | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Wikidata | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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TMEM69, also known as Transmembrane protein 69, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TMEM69 gene. [5] A notable feature of the protein encoded by TMEM69 is the presence of five transmembrane segments. [6]
| Accession Numbers | Location | Identifiers | M.W. | pI |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| mRNA: NM_016486.3 protein: NP_057570.2 [5] | 1p34.1 | HSPC229, C1orf154, FLJ21029, LOC51249 | 27.6 kDa | 10.3 |
The TMEM69 gene, located on chromosome 1p34.1, covers 7.24 kb. [7] It is on the plus strand in the genomic sequence from 46152886 to 46160121 and encodes a primary mRNA transcript that contains 3 exons and is 6262 bp in length. Three alternative transcripts are predicted to encode the TMEM69 gene. [8]
| Name of Gene | Location | Orientation | Function | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GPBP1L1 (GC-rich promoter binding protein 1-like 1) | 1p34.1 | minus | Functions in regulation of transcription [9] | |
| CCDC17 (coiled-coil domain containing 17) | 1p34.1 | minus | No functional information found | |
| MAST2 (microtubule associated serine/threonine kinase 2) | 1p34.1 | plus | Functions in a multi-protein complex in spermatid maturation. Regulates lipopolysaccharide-induced IL-12 synthesis in macrophages [10] | |
| IPP (Intracisternal A particle-promoted polypeptide) | 1p34-p32 | minus | interacts with actin [11] | |
The exact function of TMEM69 is not yet understood by the scientific community. It is, however, thought to play a role as a scaffolding protein in a G-coupled protein receptor complex in Xenopus tropicalis . It has been shown to form a cluster with the xtGPR54-2 gene IPP, and GPBP1 in scaffold_41. [12] This complex is part of a G-coupled protein receptor which acts as the receptor for a binding ligand, kisspeptin in the plasma membrane of brain cells. [12]
TMEM69 is 247 amino acids in length. Five transmembrane segments are present as well as a domain of unknown function, DUF3429, which spans amino acids 91-232. [13]
Properties of TMEM69 that were predicted using Bioinformatics tools:
TMEM69 is expressed ubiquitously at low levels throughout the human body, although EST Profile data reveal that TMEM69 is expressed particularly high in neuroendocrine tissues such as the liver, amygdala, hippocampus, and hypothalamus. [17] TMEM69 was found to be expressed in lower than normal values in patients suffering from atherosclerosis. [18]
The TMEM69 gene is deeply conserved in several life forms. Although it shows highest conservation among mammalian orthologs, along with other chordates such as fish, birds, and amphibians, there is some conservation in plants, insects, fungi, and bacteria. [13]
| Genus/Species | Organism Common Name | Accession Number | Sequence Identity | Length (AAs) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Macaca fascicularis | Crab-eating macaque | EHH61428.1 | 89% | 246 | |
| Callithrix jacchus | Monkey | XP_002750811.1 | 83% | 249 | |
| Mus musculus | House Mouse | AAI06179.1 | 69% | 245 | |
| Xenopus tropicalis | Frog | NP_001016103.1 | 49% | 253 | |
| Rattus norvegicus | Rat | EDL90276.1 | 70% | 247 | |
| Oryctolagus cuniculus | Rabbit | XP_002715715 | 74% | 250 | |
| Anolis carolinensis | Lizard | XP_003220264.1 | 50% | 257 | |
| Danio rerio | Zebrafish | XP_685684.1 | 49% | 249 | |
| Salmo salar | Salmon | NP_001134056.1 | 50% | 259 | |
| Daphia pulex | Water flea | EFX84634.1 | 35% | 208 | |
| Ostreococcus tauri | Green algae | XP_003081614.1 | 34% | 166 | |
| Pseudomonas putida W619 | Soil bacterium | YP_001748891.1 | 32% | 152 | |
| Schizophyllum commune | Fungus | XP_003035659.1 | 27% | 363 | |
No paralogs were found for TMEM69.
TMEM69 is well conserved in a variety of organisms. Although most orthologs are found in placental mammals, some orthologs are found in bacteria and fungi. The most distant ortholog found to have sequence similarity with TMEM69 is Pseudomonas putida W619, which is a type of soil bacterium. [19] Particularly well conserved in even the most distant orthologs, including Pseudomonas putida W619, is most of the second transmembrane segment of TMEM69. In strict orthologs, all five transmembrane domains are conserved. [20] Conserved domains found within TMEM69 are part of DUF3429, which is a family of uncharacterized proteins found in bacteria and eukaryotes. [13]
Transmembrane protein 98 is a single-pass membrane protein that in humans is encoded by the TMEM98 gene. The function of this protein is currently unknown. TMEM98 is also known as UNQ536/PRO1079.
Coiled-coil domain-containing protein 135, also known as CCDC135, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CCDC135 gene.
MORN1 containing repeat 1, also known as Morn1, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MORN1 gene.
TMEM260 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TMEM260 gene. The function of TMEM260 is not yet clearly understood. TMEM260 is also known as UPF0679, c14orf101, and FLJ0392.
Protein FAM214A, also known as protein family with sequence similarity 214, A (FAM214A) is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the FAM214A gene. FAM214A is a gene with unknown function found at the q21.2-q21.3 locus on Chromosome 15 (human). The protein product of this gene has two conserved domains, one of unknown function (DUF4210) and another one called Chromosome_Seg. Although the function of the FAM214A protein is uncharacterized, both DUF4210 and Chromosome_Seg have been predicted to play a role in chromosome segregation during meiosis.
Coiled-coil domain containing 94 (CCDC94) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CCDC94 gene. The CCDC94 protein contains a coiled-coil domain, a domain of unknown function (DUF572), an uncharacterized conserved protein (COG5134), and lacks a transmembrane domain.
WW and C2 domain containing 2 (WWC2) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the WWC2 gene (4q35.1). Though function of WWC2 remains unknown, it has been predicted that WWC2 may play a role in cancer.
Coiled-coil domain 47 (CCDC47) is a gene located on human chromosome 17, specifically locus 17q23.3 which encodes for the protein CCDC47. The gene has several aliases including GK001 and MSTP041. The protein itself contains coiled-coil domains, the SEEEED superfamily, a domain of unknown function (DUF1682) and a transmembrane domain. The function of the protein is unknown, but it has been proposed that CCDC47 is involved in calcium ion homeostasis and the endoplasmic reticulum overload response.
Transmembrane protein 251, also known as C14orf109 or UPF0694, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TMEM251 gene. One notable feature of this protein is the presence of proline residues on one of its predicted transmembrane domains., which is a determinant of the intramitochondrial sorting of inner membrane proteins.
Transmembrane protein 268 is a protein that in humans is encoded by TMEM268 gene. The protein is a transmembrane protein of 342 amino acids long with eight alternative splice variants. The protein has been identified in organisms from the common fruit fly to primates. To date, there has been no protein expression found in organisms simpler than insects.
Transmembrane and coiled-coil domains 4, TMCO4, is a protein in humans that is encoded by the TMCO4 gene. Currently, its function is not well defined. It is transmembrane protein that is predicted to cross the endoplasmic reticulum membrane three times. TMCO4 interacts with other proteins known to play a role in cancer development, hinting at a possible role in the disease of cancer.
TMEM44 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TMEM44 gene. DKFZp686O18124 is a synonym of TMEM44.
Chromosome 9 open reading frame 50 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the C9orf50 gene. C9orf50 has one other known alias, FLJ35803. In humans the gene coding sequence is 10,051 base pairs long, transcribing an mRNA of 1,624 bases that encodes a 431 amino acid protein.
TMEM267 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TMEM267 gene. It is a possible oncogene which encodes a transmembrane protein. The function of TMEM267 most likely involves transportation of molecules from the cytosol, as the presence of motifs and domains involved in transportation were conserved in orthologs. TMEM267 has orthologs in many species and is expressed at highest levels in the thyroid.
Leucine rich single-pass membrane protein 2 is a single-pass membrane protein rich in leucine, that in humans is encoded by the LSMEM2 gene. The LSMEM2 protein is conserved in mammals, birds, and reptiles. In humans, LSMEM2 is found to be highly expressed in the heart, skeletal muscle and tongue.
Family with Sequence Similarity 155 Member B is a protein in humans that is encoded by the FAM155B gene. It belongs to a family of proteins whose function is not yet well understood by the scientific community. It is a transmembrane protein that is highly expressed in the heart, thyroid, and brain.
Transmembrane protein 247 is a multi-pass transmembrane protein of unknown function found in Homo sapiens encoded by the TMEM247 gene. Notable in the protein are two transmembrane regions near the c-terminus of the translated polypeptide. Transmembrane protein 247 has been found to be expressed almost entirely in the testes.
TMEM275 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TMEM275 gene. TMEM275 has two, highly-conserved, helical trans-membrane regions. It is predicted to reside within the plasma membrane or the endoplasmic reticulum's membrane.
Major facilitator superfamily domain containing 6 like (MFSD6L) is a protein encoded by the MFSD6L gene in humans. The MFSD6L protein is a transmembrane protein that is part of the major facilitator superfamily (MFS) that uses chemiosmotic gradients to facilitate the transport of small solutes across cell membranes.
Secernin-3 (SCRN3) is a protein that is encoded by the human SCRN3 gene. SCRN3 belongs to the peptidase C69 family and the secernin subfamily. As a part of this family, the protein is predicted to enable cysteine-type exopeptidase activity and dipeptidase activity, as well as be involved in proteolysis. It is ubiquitously expressed in the brain, thyroid, and 25 other tissues. Additionally, SCRN3 is conserved in a variety of species, including mammals, birds, fish, amphibians, and invertebrates. SCRN3 is predicted to be an integral component of the cytoplasm.
This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.
