Taamusi Qumaq

Last updated • 4 min readFrom Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia
Taamusi Qumaq
ᑖᒧᓯ ᖁᒪᖅ
Pronunciation [taː.mu.siqu.maq]
Born
Qumaq

(1914-01-01)January 1, 1914
Niqsiturlik Island, near Port Harrison, Nunavik, Quebec, Canada
DiedJuly 13, 1993(1993-07-13) (aged 79)
Povungnituk, Nunavik, Quebec, Canada
EducationNone
Occupation(s)Writer, Politician
MovementInuuqatigiit Tunngavingat Nunaminni
SpouseMaina Milurtuq
Parents
  • Juusua Nuvalinngaq (father)
  • Aalasi Qingalik (mother)

Taamusi Qumaq, CM CQ (January 1, 1914 July 13, 1993) was an Inuit historian, linguist, writer, politician and elder from Nunavik, Quebec, Canada, who contributed to the preservation of the Inuit language and traditional culture. Despite lacking any formal schooling, Qumaq published two seminal works on the Inuit culture: a 30,000-word comprehensive Inuktitut dictionary and an encyclopedia on Inuit traditional customs and knowledge. He was fluent in Inuktitut only.

Contents

He understood Canadian and Quebec institutions and worked for their integration into Inuit lifestyle for the betterment of his community. He was a founding member of the first non-governmental co-op in the Canadian Arctic, in 1956 in Povungnituk. After contributing to the establishment of Rankin Inlet in the Northwest Territories, he returned to Povungnituk in 1960 and founded its first village council and acted as its chair from 1962 to 1968.

From 1972 to 1977, he was a vocal opponent of the James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement and the leader of Inuit Tungavingat Nunamini, a movement opposing the signature of the land claims settlement by the Northern Quebec Inuit Association. In 1983 he took part to the Quebec commissions on Aboriginal rights and on Nouveau-Québec’s self-government.

In 2010, Presses de l'Université du Québec published his autobiography translated in French, Je veux que les Inuit soient libres de nouveau (I want Inuit to be free again). The autobiography was later re-released as a bilingual version in French and Inuktitut in 2020. [1]

Name

The name Qumaq was originally an Inuit mononym. In 1917, he was baptized and given the Christian name Taamusi (Thomas). Qumaq eventually became registered as his family name.

Early life

Qumaq was born on Niqsiturlik island near Port Harrison sometime in January 1914 to his nomadic parents. The family travelled by dog sled between Great Whale River and Povungnituk and hunted game such as walrus, seal, and fish. Qumaq's family also collected fox pelts to trade for European supplies at trading posts near Port-Harrison and Povungnituk. In 1920, his mother participated in the filming of Nanook of the North .

His father died in a boating accident when Qumaq was 13 years old. Without this teaching figure, Qumaq had to rely on other Inuit families to learn how to hunt and construct an igloo. He settled in 1931 in Povungnituk with his siblings and mother.

Adult life

In 1937, he married Maina Milurtuq. Over the next few years, there were few animals and starvation abounded in his community, which was exacerbated by the concomitant closing of trading posts, the drop in value of fox pelts and the decrease in availability of commodities due to World War II. However, Qumaq was able to sustain his family and elders with the help of other hunters. Mail was flown in from Moose Factory to Port-Harrison, and Qumaq was responsible from ferrying all the mail to Povungnituk, Akulivik, Ivujivik, and Saglouc on a single dog sled. He would bring the mail to Povungnituk, after which it was picked up by another courier to be transported farther north.

Following the relocation of Inuit near Akulivik and Povungnituk to Povungnituk proper in 1952, and the establishment of social welfare, Qumaq began to work at the new Hudson's Bay Company store for $150 per month. He travelled with members of the Hudson's Bay Company in 1958 to establish a general goods store to the north of Churchill, Manitoba, but instead landed in Rankin Inlet due to bad weather, where he lived for two years.

1958 was also the beginning of prefab wooden houses in Povungnituk. Previously, Inuit lived in igloos during the winter and tents during the summer. Upon his return to Povungnituk, Qumaq constructed his house in 1960 and never built another igloo.

Political life

In 1961, an administrator of the department of Indian Affairs and Northern Development Canada mandated that a village council be elected. Nobody campaigned for the position and no names were pre-written on the ballot. To his own surprise, Qumaq was elected as head of the village council.

He lobbied against the federal residential school that was established in 1958, eventually replacing it in 1969 by public vote 89 to 9 with a school run by the Quebec government where Inuktitut and Inuit culture would be taught, in addition to the primary topics in English or French.

He also supported the new Inuit co-operative general store founded in 1963, which would eventually become a federation of co-operatives across Nunavik in 1966. The co-operatives made money by selling soapstone carvings in the south and by selling commodities to the local Inuit.

Qumaq and representatives from all the other villages in Nunavik met with René Lévesque in Fort Chimo in 1964, where they discussed Inuit autonomy and place in Quebec society.

He oversaw the construction of houses to ensure everyone had a permanent residence to stay. In his life he witnessed the gradual appearance of motor boats, skidoos, and alcohol in the community.

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nunavik</span> Proposed autonomous area in Quebec, Canada

Nunavik is an area in Canada which comprises the northern third of the province of Quebec, part of the Nord-du-Québec region and nearly coterminous with Kativik. Covering a land area of 443,684.71 km2 (171,307.62 sq mi) north of the 55th parallel, it is the homeland of the Inuit of Quebec and part of the wider Inuit Nunangat. Almost all of the 14,045 inhabitants of the region, of whom 90% are Inuit, live in fourteen northern villages on the coast of Nunavik and in the Cree reserved land (TC) of Whapmagoostui, near the northern village of Kuujjuarapik.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kangiqsualujjuaq</span> Northern village municipality in Quebec, Canada

Kangiqsualujjuaq is an Inuit village located at the mouth of the George River on the east coast of Ungava Bay in Nunavik, Quebec, Canada. Its population was 956 as of the 2021 census.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Inuktitut</span> Name of several Inuit languages spoken in Canada

Inuktitut, also known as Eastern Canadian Inuktitut, is one of the principal Inuit languages of Canada. It is spoken in all areas north of the North American tree line, including parts of the provinces of Newfoundland and Labrador, Quebec, to some extent in northeastern Manitoba as well as the Northwest Territories and Nunavut. It is one of the aboriginal languages written with Canadian Aboriginal syllabics.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Indigenous peoples in Quebec</span> Indigenous groups in Quebec, CA

Indigenous peoples in Quebec total eleven distinct ethnic groups. The one Inuit community and ten First Nations communities number 141,915 people and account for approximately two per cent of the population of Quebec, Canada.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kuujjuaq</span> Northern village municipality in Quebec, Canada

Kuujjuaq, formerly known as Suoivauqaj (ᓲᐃᕙᐅᖃᔾ) and by other names, is a former Hudson's Bay Company outpost at the mouth of the Koksoak River on Ungava Bay that has become the largest northern village in the Nunavik region of Quebec, Canada. It is the administrative capital of the Kativik Regional Government. Its population was 2,668 as of the 2021 census.

Charlie Watt is a former Canadian Senator from Nunavik, Quebec.

The James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement is an Aboriginal land claim settlement, approved in 1975 by the Cree and Inuit of northern Quebec, and later slightly modified in 1978 by the Northeastern Quebec Agreement, through which Quebec's Naskapi First Nation joined the agreement. The agreement covers economic development and property issues in northern Quebec, as well as establishing a number of cultural, social and governmental institutions for Indigenous people who are members of the communities involved in the agreement.

Puvirnituq is a northern village in Nunavik, on the Povungnituk River near its mouth on Hudson Bay in northern Quebec, Canada. Its population was 2,129 as of the 2021 Canadian census.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Akulivik</span> Northern village municipality in Quebec, Canada

Akulivik is an Inuit village in Nunavik, in northern Quebec, Canada. It is located on a peninsula that juts southwesterly into Hudson Bay across from Smith Island, Nunavut (Qikirtajuaq). Akulivik lies 1,850 km north of Montreal.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Salluit</span> Northern village municipality in Quebec, Canada

Salluit is the second northernmost Inuit community in Quebec, Canada, located on Sugluk Inlet close to the Hudson Strait and was formerly known as Sugluk. Its population was 1,483 in the Canada 2016 Census and the population centre had 1,075 people. It is not accessible by road, but by air through Salluit Airport.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kativik, Quebec</span>

Kativik (ᑲᑎᕕᒃ) is a territory equivalent to a regional county municipality (TE) of Quebec, with geographical code 992. Its land area is 443,372.20 km2, and its population was 12,090 at the 2011 Census of Canada.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Vachon River</span> River in Canada

Vachon River is a river in the Arctic tundra of Nunavik, Quebec. It originates on Lac Laflamme at 61°21′49″N73°45′36″W just north of Pingualuit crater and finishes at 60°4′43″N71°8′59″W where it joins Arnaud/Payne River. It was named after bishop Alexander Vachon (1885–1953), rector of Laval University in 1939 and from 1940 to 1953, archbishop of the diocese of Ottawa, Ontario.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kangirsuk</span> Northern village municipality in Quebec, Canada

Kangirsuk is an Inuit village in northern Nunavik, Quebec, Canada. It is 230 kilometres (140 mi) north of Kuujjuaq, between Aupaluk and Quaqtaq. The community is only accessible by air and, in late summer, by boat. The village used to be known also as Payne Bay and Bellin.

Tivi Etok is an Inuit artist, illustrator, and printmaker. In 1975, he was the first Inuk printmaker to have a collection of his own prints released. He is now an Elder.

Akulivik is an Inuit reserved land in Nunavik, in northern Quebec. Like all Inuit reserved lands in Quebec, it has no resident population and is associated with a nearby northern village of the same name: Akulivik.

Markoosie Patsauq was a Canadian Inuk writer from Inukjuak. He is best known for Harpoon of the Hunter, the first published Inuktitut language novel; the novel was written later, but published earlier (1970), than Mitiarjuk Nappaaluk's Sanaaq.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Taamusi</span> Male given name

Taamusi (ᑖᒧᓯ), Tuumasi (ᑑᒪᓯ), Tomassie and Thomassie are Inuit Christian names originally given to Inuit baptised by missionaries in Kuujjuarapik. These names are used both as first names and surnames. It is derived from English, Thomas.

Johnny May is a Canadian Inuk bush pilot living in Kuujjuaq, known as being the first Inuk pilot in eastern Canada. He is credited with saving the lives of many Inuit in search-and-rescue missions and operating medevac airplane services to transport sick Inuit to health centres. May is the older brother of Canadian Governor General, Mary Simon.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">POV (surname)</span> Surname list

POV or Pov is an Inuit surname officially assigned by non-Inuit officials to Inuit living in or near Puvirnituq when a person's second name or last name was too hard or long to write down for someone who did not speak Inuktitut.

Zebedee Nungak is a Canadian Inuit author, actor, essayist, journalist, and politician. As a child, Nungak was taken from his home in the community of Saputiligait, along with two other children, for the purposes of an experiment by the Canadian government to "[expunge] them of Inuit culture and groom them to become northern leaders with a southern way of thinking." Nungak later became pivotal in securing successful land rights claims and the creation of his home territory of Nunavik.

References

  1. "Je veux que les Inuit soient libres de nouveau. Autobiographie (1914-1993). ᐃᓄᓐᓂᒃ ᐃᓱᒣᓐᓇᕿᖁᔨᒋᐊᓪᓚᐳᖓ ᐃᓅᓯᕐᒥᓂᒃ ᐊᓪᓚᑐᕕᓂᖅ (1914-ᒥᑦ 1993-ᒧᑦ) | Imaginaire | Nord". nord.uqam.ca. Retrieved 2020-11-02.