A tellurite tellurate is chemical compound or salt that contains tellurite and tellurate anions [TeO3]2- [TeO4 ]2-. These are mixed anion compounds, meaning the compounds are cations that contain one or more anions. Some have third anions. Environmentally, tellurite [TeO3]2- is the more abundant anion due to tellurate's [TeO4 ]2- low solubility limiting its concentration in biospheric waters. Another way to refer to the anions is tellurium's oxyanions, which happen to be relatively stable. [1]
A tellurite tellurate compound may also be called a tellurate tellurite. Compounds that contain the anions follow basic nomenclature rules, the cation is named first, followed by the anion. [2] As individual ions current IUPAC naming conventions dictate that compounds containing what was conventionally known as the tellurite ion, [TeO3]2-, be named as tellurate (IV) compounds, while other tellurates are labeled tellurate (VI) compounds. Furthering confusion, a number of other tellurate oxyanions exist, including pentoxotellurate, [TeO5]4-, and ditellurate, [Te2O10]8-. Additionally, a number of compounds that do not even include tellurium oxyanions still have "tellurate" in their names, as in the case of octafluoridotellurate, [TeF8]2-. [3]
One way to produce a tellurite tellurate compound is by heating oxides together. [4] Tellurite tellurate compounds can also occur naturally as minerals such as Carlfriesite Ca[Te4+2Te6+O8]. [5]
Tellurite tellurate compounds can crystalize under certain conditions. Monoclinic and orthorhombic dominate crystal structures of the tellurite tellurates. [5] Most compounds are transparent from near ultraviolet to the near infrared. Te-O bonds cause absorption lines in infrared. Sodium tellurite exhibit
Related to these are the selenate selenites and sulfate sulfites by varying the chalcogen.
name | formula | ratio TeO3:TeO4 | mw | system | space group | unit cell Å | volume | density | optical | references |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
NH4Te2O5(OH) | 1:1 | 370.24 | orthorhombic | Pnma | a=7.340 b=5.546 c=13.164 Z=4 | 535.9 | 4.50 | [6] | ||
K2Te4O12 | 1:3 | 780.59 | monoclinic | C2/m | a=12.360 b=7.248 c=11.967 β =105.68 Z=4 | 1032.2 | 5.03 | [4] [1] | ||
K4[Te56+Te34+]O23 | 3:5 | 1545.18 | orthorhombic | Pna21 | a = 19.793, b = 14.664, c = 7.292, Z = 4 | [7] | ||||
Carlfriesite | Ca[Te4+2Te6+O8] | 2:1 | 550.87 | monoclinic | C2/c | a=12.576 b=5.662 c=9.884 β=115.56 | 6.3 | [5] | ||
K4V6[Te24+Te6+]O24 | 2:1 | 1228.83 | trigonal | R3c | a = 9.7075, c = 42.701, Z = 6 | 3484.9 | [8] | |||
Co2+6(Te6+O6)(Te4+O3)2Cl2 | 2:1 | 999.30 | tetragonal | P42/mbc | a = 8.59 c = 5.91 | [5] | ||||
Rb4[Te56+Te34+]O23 | 3:5 | 1730.66 | orthorhombic | Pna21 | a = 19.573, b = 14.448, c = 7.273, Z = 4 | [7] | ||||
Rb4V6[Te24+Te6+]O24 | 2:1 | 1414.31 | trigonal | R3c | a = 9.8399, c = 43.012, Z = 6 | 3606.6 | [8] | |||
Sr[Te4+2Te6+O8] | 2:1 | 598.42 | tetragonal | P42/m | a=6.8321 c=6.7605 | [5] | ||||
SrCuTe2O7 | 1:1 | 518.36 | orthorhombic | Pbcm | a = 7.1464, b = 15.061, c = 5.4380, Z = 4 | 585.3 | [9] | |||
NaYTe2O7 | 1:1 | 479.10 | monoclinic | P21/n | a=6.7527 b=7.5077 c=11.8867 β =99.935 Z=4 | 593.59 | 5.361 | [10] | ||
RbTe1·25Mo0·75O6 | a=10.469 | [11] | ||||||||
(Ag,Na)2Te4O15 x=0.4 | 2:2 | monoclinic | P21/c | a = 6.333, b = 24.681, c = 7.308, β = 110.84° Z = 4 | [4] | |||||
Ag2[Te4+Te6+O6] | 1:1 | 566.93 | monoclinic | P21/m | a=5.4562 b=7.4009 c=6.9122 β=101.237 | [5] | ||||
Ag2[Te4+2Te6+2O11] | 2:2 | 902.13 | triclinic | P1 | a=7.287 b=7.388 c=9.686 α=95.67 β=94.10 γ=119.40 | [5] | ||||
Cd2Te4+Te6+O7 | 1:1 | 592.02 | monoclinic | P21/c | a=9.3039 b=7.3196 c=13.2479 β=122.914 | [5] | ||||
Cs2Te4+Te36+O12 | 1:3 | 968.20 | rhombohedral | R3m | a=7.2921 c=18.332 | [12] | ||||
CsTe2O6–x | 1:1 | 484.10 | cubic | [12] | ||||||
CsTe2O6–x | 1:1 | 484.10 | orthorhombic | [12] | ||||||
BaTe2O6 | 1:1 | 488.52 | orthorhombic | Cmcm | a=5.569 b=12,796 c=7.320 Z=4 | 6.19 | [5] [2] | |||
BaMgTe2O7 | 1:1 | 528.83 | orthorhombic | Ama2 | a = 5.558, b = 15.215, c = 7.307 Z = 4 | 617.9 | SHG 5 × KDP | [13] | ||
CsTe1·13Mo0·864O6 | a=10.643 | [11] | ||||||||
BaCoTeO3TeO4 | 1:1 | 563.46 | orthorhombic | Ama2 | [14] | |||||
BaCuTeO3TeO4 | 1:1 | 568.07 | orthorhombic | Ama2 | a = 5.4869, b =15.412, c = 7.2066, Z = 4. | 609.42 | [3] | |||
BaZnTe2O7 | 569.91 | orthorhombic | Ama2 | a = 5.5498, b = 15.316, c = 7.3098, Z = 4 | 621.34 | SHG 5 × KDP | [13] | |||
CeV3Te3O15(OH)3·2H2O | 995.74 | hexagonal | P63/mmc | a=12.166 c=12.537 Z=4 | 1606.9 | 4.116 | dark red | [15] | ||
PrV3Te3O15(OH)3·2H2O | 996.53 | hexagonal | P63/mmc | a=12.1147 c=12.4949 Z=4 | 1588.1 | 4.168 | dark red | [15] | ||
NdV3Te3O15(OH)3·H2O | 983.86 | hexagonal | P63/mmc | a=12.1075 c=12.4572 Z=4 | 1581.5 | 4.132 | dark red | [15] | ||
SmV3Te3O15(OH)3·H2O | 989.97 | hexagonal | P63/mmc | a=12.1068 c=12.4509 Z=4 | 1580.5 | 4.160 | dark red | [15] | ||
EuV3Te3O15(OH)3·H2O | 991.58 | hexagonal | P63/mmc | a=12.0731 c=12.3674 Z=4 | 1561.2 | 4.219 | dark red | [15] | ||
GdV3Te3O15(OH)3·H2O | 996.87 | hexagonal | P63/mmc | a=12.0745 c=12.3701 Z=4 | 1561.9 | 4.239 | dark red | [15] | ||
RbTe1·5W0·5O6 | a=10.462 | [11] | ||||||||
CsTe1·625W0·375O6 | a=10.543 | [11] | ||||||||
α-Hg2Te2O7 | 1:1 | 768.38 | monoclinic | C2/c | a=12.910 b=7.407 c=13.256 β =112.044 Z=8 | [16] | ||||
β-Hg2Te2O7 | 1:1 | 768.38 | orthorhombic | Aea2 | a=7.441, b=23.713 ,c=13.522, Z=16 | [16] | ||||
PbCuTe2O7 | 1:1 | 637.94 | orthorhombic | Pbcm | a = 7.2033, b = 15.047, c = 5.4691, Z = 4 | 592.78 | [9] | |||
Bi[(Bi3+Te4+)Te6+O8] | 801.16 | [5] | ||||||||
(Ca,Pb)3CaCu6[Te4+3Te6+O12]2(Te4+O3)2(SO4)2 | 3111.30 | trigonal | P3 2 1 | a=9.1219(17), c=11.9320(9) | 4.65 | Viridian green | [17] |
Tellurium is a chemical element; it has symbol Te and atomic number 52. It is a brittle, mildly toxic, rare, silver-white metalloid. Tellurium is chemically related to selenium and sulfur, all three of which are chalcogens. It is occasionally found in its native form as elemental crystals. Tellurium is far more common in the Universe as a whole than on Earth. Its extreme rarity in the Earth's crust, comparable to that of platinum, is due partly to its formation of a volatile hydride that caused tellurium to be lost to space as a gas during the hot nebular formation of Earth.
Tellurium dioxide (TeO2) is a solid oxide of tellurium. It is encountered in two different forms, the yellow orthorhombic mineral tellurite, β-TeO2, and the synthetic, colourless tetragonal (paratellurite), α-TeO2. Most of the information regarding reaction chemistry has been obtained in studies involving paratellurite, α-TeO2.
In chemistry, tellurate is a compound containing an oxyanion of tellurium where tellurium has an oxidation number of +6. In the naming of inorganic compounds it is a suffix that indicates a polyatomic anion with a central tellurium atom.
Telluric acid, or more accurately orthotelluric acid, is a chemical compound with the formula Te(OH)6, often written as H6TeO6. It is a white crystalline solid made up of octahedral Te(OH)6 molecules which persist in aqueous solution. In the solid state, there are two forms, rhombohedral and monoclinic, and both contain octahedral Te(OH)6 molecules, containing one hexavalent tellurium (Te) atom in the +6 oxidation state, attached to six hydroxyl (–OH) groups, thus, it can be called tellurium(VI) hydroxide. Telluric acid is a weak acid which is dibasic, forming tellurate salts with strong bases and hydrogen tellurate salts with weaker bases or upon hydrolysis of tellurates in water. It is used as tellurium-source in the synthesis of oxidation catalysts.
Thiophosphates (or phosphorothioates, PS) are chemical compounds and anions with the general chemical formula PS
4−xO3−
x (x = 0, 1, 2, or 3) and related derivatives where organic groups are attached to one or more O or S. Thiophosphates feature tetrahedral phosphorus(V) centers.
Tellurium compounds are compounds containing the element tellurium (Te). Tellurium belongs to the chalcogen family of elements on the periodic table, which also includes oxygen, sulfur, selenium and polonium: Tellurium and selenium compounds are similar. Tellurium exhibits the oxidation states −2, +2, +4 and +6, with +4 being most common.
The selenide iodides are chemical compounds that contain both selenide ions (Se2−) and iodide ions (I−) and one or metal atoms. They are in the class of mixed anion compounds or chalcogenide halides.
The telluride oxides or oxytellurides are double salts that contain both telluride and oxide anions. They are in the class of mixed anion compounds.
The telluride iodides are chemical compounds that contain both telluride ions (Te2−) and iodide ions (I−). They are in the class of mixed anion compounds or chalcogenide halides.
A sulfite sulfate is a chemical compound that contains both sulfite and sulfate anions [SO3]2− [SO4]2−. These compounds were discovered in the 1980s as calcium and rare earth element salts. Minerals in this class were later discovered. Minerals may have sulfite as an essential component, or have it substituted for another anion as in alloriite. The related ions [O3SOSO2]2− and [(O2SO)2SO2]2− may be produced in a reaction between sulfur dioxide and sulfate and exist in the solid form as tetramethyl ammonium salts. They have a significant partial pressure of sulfur dioxide.
A selenite fluoride is a chemical compound or salt that contains fluoride and selenite anions. These are mixed anion compounds. Some have third anions, including nitrate, molybdate, oxalate, selenate, silicate and tellurate.
The borosulfates are heteropoly anion compounds which have sulfate groups attached to boron atoms. Other possible terms are sulfatoborates or boron-sulfur oxides. The ratio of sulfate to borate reflects the degree of condensation. With [B(SO4)4]5- there is no condensation, each ion stands alone. In [B(SO4)3]3- the anions are linked into a chain, a chain of loops, or as [B2(SO4)6]6− in a cycle. Finally in [B(SO4)2]− the sulfate and borate tetrahedra are all linked into a two or three-dimensional network. These arrangements of oxygen around boron and sulfur can have forms resembling silicates. The first borosulfate to be discovered was K5[B(SO4)4] in 2012 by the research group of Henning Höppe, although the compound class as such had been postulated already in 1962 by G. Schott and H. U. Kibbel. Over 80 unique compounds are known as of 2024.
The borotellurates are heteropoly anion compounds which have tellurate groups attached to boron atoms. The ratio of tellurate to borate reflects the degree of condensation. In [TeO4(BO3)2]8- the anions are linked into a chain. In [TeO2(BO3)4]10− the structure is zero dimensional with isolated anions. These arrangements of oxygen around boron and tellurium can have forms resembling silicates. The first borotellurates to be discovered were the mixed sodium rare earth compounds in 2015.
The boroselenates are chemical compounds containing interlinked borate and selenate groups sharing oxygen atoms. Both selenate and borate groups are tetrahedral in shape. They have similar structures to borosulfates and borophosphates. The borotellurates' tellurium atom is much bigger, so TeO6 octahedra appear instead.
The boroselenites are heteropoly anion chemical compounds containing selenite and borate groups linked by common oxygen atoms. They are not to be confused with the boroselenates with have a higher oxidation state for selenium, and extra oxygen. If selenium is replaced by sulfur, it would be a borosulfite. Boroselenites are distinct from selenoborates in which selenium replaces oxygen in borate, or perselenoborates which contain Se-Se bonds as well as Se-B bonds. The metal boroselenites were only discovered in 2012.
A tellurite fluoride is a mixed anion compound containing tellurite and fluoride ions. They have also been called oxyfluorotellurate(IV) where IV is the oxidation state of tellurium in tellurite.
A selenate selenite is a chemical compound or salt that contains selenite and selenate anions (SeO32- and SeO42-). These are mixed anion compounds. Some have third anions.
Sulfidogermanates or thiogermanates are chemical compounds containing anions with sulfur atoms bound to germanium. They are in the class of chalcogenidotetrelates. Related compounds include thiosilicates, thiostannates, selenidogermanates, telluridogermanates and selenidostannates.
Tellurogermanates or telluridogermanates are compounds with anions with tellurium bound to germanium. They are analogous with germanates, thiogermanates and selenidogermanates.
Lithium tellurite is an inorganic compound, with the chemical formula Li2TeO3. It crystallises in the monoclinic crystal system, with space group C2/c. It can be prepared by reacting lithium oxide, lithium hydroxide or lithium carbonate with tellurium dioxide. It reacts with lithium fluoride at high temperatures in a 3:1 stoichiometric ratio to obtain Li7(TeO3)3F.