 First edition | |
| Author | Timothy Snyder |
|---|---|
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |
| Subject | Russia, democracy |
| Published | 2018 |
| Publisher | Tim Duggan Books |
| ISBN | 9780525574460 |
The Road to Unfreedom: Russia, Europe, America is a 2018 book by Timothy Snyder. In it, Snyder explores Russian attempts to influence Western democracies and the influence of philosopher Ivan Ilyin on Russian President Vladimir Putin and the Russian Federation in general. [1] [2] [3]
Historian Margaret MacMillan writing for The New York Times calls the book a "good wake up call", [4] while Tim Adams in a review for The Guardian describes the book as "persuasive", "chilling and unignorable" [5] and a review in Fair Observer calls it an "important addition to the literature explaining current events" and rising authoritarianism. [6]
Other reviewers dismissed the book as a "current liberal narrative", [7] a paranoia "that has emerged among liberals in Trump's wake", [8] misrepresenting Ilyin and overestimating the influence of Russia in the United States and United Kingdom. [9]
According to the WorldCat, the book has been translated into 10 languages: German, Spanish, Romanian, Russian, Korean, Dutch, Norwegian, Czech, Polish, Hungarian, Japanese, and also in Finnish and Croatian. It was translated into Ukrainian in 2020. [10]
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Ivan Alexandrovich Ilyin or Il'in was a Russian jurist, religious and political philosopher, publicist, orator, and conservative monarchist. He perceived the February Revolution as a "temporary disorder", and the October Revolution as a "national catastrophe", and actively joined the struggle against the Bolshevik regime. He became a white émigré journalist, a Slavophile and an ideologue of the Russian All-Military Union which believed that force was the only means by which the Soviet regime could be toppled.
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The Foundations of Geopolitics: The Geopolitical Future of Russia is a geopolitical book by Aleksandr Dugin. Its publication in 1997 was well received in Russia; it has had significant influence within the Russian military, police, and foreign policy elites, and has been used as a textbook in the Academy of the General Staff of the Russian military. Powerful Russian political figures subsequently took an interest in Dugin, a Russian political analyst who espouses an ultranationalist and neo-fascist ideology based on his idea of neo-Eurasianism, who has developed a close relationship with Russia's Academy of the General Staff.
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Ruscism, also known as Rashism, Russism, or Russian fascism, is a term used by a number of scholars, politicians and publicists to describe the political ideology and the social practices of the Russian state in the late 20th and early 21st centuries, especially during the rule of Vladimir Putin. "Ruscism" and "Russism" are portmanteaus which combine the words 'Russian' and 'fascism'; "Rashism" is a rough transcription of the Russian and Ukrainian equivalents. It is also used in reference to the ideology of Russian military expansionism, and has been used as a label to describe an undemocratic system and nationality cult mixed with ultranationalism and a cult of personality. That transformation was described as based on the ideas of the "special civilizational mission" of the Russians, such as Moscow as the third Rome and expansionism, which manifests itself in anti-Westernism and supports regaining former lands by conquest. The term "Rashist" is also widely used by Ukrainian officials and media to more generally identify members of the Russian Armed Forces and supporters of Russian military aggression against Ukraine.
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