The Wicked + The Divine

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The Wicked + The Divine
The Wicked and The Divine Promotional Picture from January 2014.jpg
Promotional art by Jamie McKelvie
Publication information
Publisher Image Comics
ScheduleMonthly
Format Ongoing series
Genre Dark fantasy, contemporary fantasy
Publication dateJune 2014 – September 2019
No. of issues51 (45 regular and six specials)
Creative team
Created by Kieron Gillen
Jamie McKelvie
Written by Kieron Gillen
Artist(s) Jamie McKelvie
Letterer(s) Clayton Cowles
Colorist(s) Matt Wilson
Editor(s) Chrissy Williams
Collected editions
The Faust Act ISBN   978-1-63215-019-6
Fandemonium ISBN   978-1-63215-327-2
Commercial Suicide ISBN   978-1-63215-631-0
Rising Action ISBN   978-1-63215-913-7
Imperial Phase (Part 1) ISBN   978-1-53430-185-6
Imperial Phase (Part 2) ISBN   978-153430-473-4

The Wicked + The Divine is a contemporary fantasy comic book series created by Kieron Gillen and Jamie McKelvie, and published by Image Comics. The series is largely influenced by pop music and various mythological deities, and includes the themes of life and death in the story. [1] The comic has received positive reviews, and was the winner of Best Comic at the 2014 British Comic Awards. It has also been noted for its diverse portrayal of ethnicity, sexuality and gender social roles.

Contents

Premise

The narrative follows a young teenage girl, Laura, as she interacts with the Pantheon, a group of twelve people who discover that they are reincarnated deities. This discovery grants them fame and supernatural powers, with the stipulation that they will die within two years as part of a ninety-year cycle known as the Recurrence.

Publication history

The series was announced on 9 January 2014, [2] and the first issue was released in June 2014. [3] As of March 2019, there have been 42 single issues released, four one-shot specials, one Christmas issue, and one comedy issue. The single issues, excluding the specials, are currently collected across seven trade paperbacks, and three hardcover trades. Prior to the series conclusion, a trade collecting the one-shots, Christmas issue, and comedy issue was released, considered the eighth volume. [4] The series ran for 45 main issues [5] and complete in eight trade-paperback arcs, (plus one for the Specials), bringing the total to nine trade paperbacks. [6] A one-shot crossover, entitled I Hate Fairyland – I Hate Image , was released in October 2017. [7]

Writer Kieron Gillen's original and core inspiration for The Wicked + The Divine was his father's diagnosis with terminal cancer. [1] For this reason, Gillen considers the story to be "about life and death." [1] Further inspiration for Gillen comes from pop music and various pop idols; the Pantheon is based on pop idols, and Gillen has created a playlist of songs to accompany the comic book. [8] [9]

In 2015, it was announced that the television rights had been optioned by Universal TV, [10] but as of June 2024, Gillen confirmed that the rights had returned to the creators and were once again being shopped around. [11] In June 2024, for the tenth anniversary of the series, Gillen and McKelvie launched a Kickstarter to produce a hardcover art book titled The Wicked + The Divine: The Covers Version. This book will contain the original 126 covers in a super-sized format along with extra material from Gillen and McKelvie such as bonus Sahkmet head cover. [12] [13]

Plot

The narrative focuses on a group of people with superhuman powers known as "The Pantheon". Each member of The Pantheon was at one point a normal person before being chosen to merge with the spirit of a deity. It is said that each cycle of The Pantheon will not live past two years from the start of the series, and that every 90 years the Pantheon is reincarnated. This cycle is known as the Recurrence. It would also appear that the person who is the next reincarnation of a particular god does not get the opportunity to refuse becoming one.

Characters

The Pantheon

Every Recurrence, 12 separate gods/goddesses reincarnate into bodies of any gender. Lucifer has had the most reincarnations, appearing five times in the issues and six altogether. Minerva has appeared five times; Baal, The Morrigan, Dionysus, Inanna, Set, and Woden have appeared three times, and Amaterasu, Mimir and The Norns have appeared twice, with every other god/goddess having at least one known reincarnation. The 2010s Recurrence features the mysterious appearance of a 13th goddess, Persephone. However, it was shown during the 1920s Recurrence that Persephone also appeared, her head having been removed prior or during the events of the Recurrence. None of the other gods seemed to recognize her, which indicates either she has been killed immediately by Ananke in the past, or has been hidden by Ananke from the other gods. It has since been revealed that Minerva is not a proper god, automatically created shortly before the next Recurrence begins and working with Ananke the whole time. Thus Persephone is the proper 12th member.

Ananke appears to act along with the Pantheon, serving as their representative to the public, but is also outside of them. Unlike the others she is not a teenager and has aged, but still is able to function. She functions almost as a parent, and reveals that she gave up her divinity during an earlier cycle of The Recurrence to protect future members of The Pantheon. Although she is stern with the deities who are resurrected, she seems to have a genuine maternal connection to them, saying that she will miss them before she kills them, and crying after she does so. It is revealed she, working with Minerva, has been removing the heads of gods in the previous cycles in order to prevent the coming of the Darkness by completing a ritual using the intact heads of four gods. The gods who have had their heads removed previously do not remember having it occur in past Recurrences.

Flashbacks show that Ananke is the aged form of a previous Minerva; using the ritual, Ananke dies and Minerva takes her place (remembering every previous Recurrence in the process and taking the name Ananke). Further brief flashbacks to every Recurrence throughout history show a variety of outcomes for an Ananke awakening a Persephone. In most Ananke or Minerva kills Persephone; in several Persephone escapes or kills Ananke. A Minerva has never been shown dying so therefore the cycle of Minerva performing the ritual and replacing Ananke can continue. In one Recurrence, Minerva attempted to complete use ritual using herself in place of the forth head; the ritual turned on her sending her into ninety years of Darkness, until the next Minerva appeared swearing to never let that happen again. The 2014 Recurrence with Laura Wilson is the first time a third party has interfered with Ananke/Minerva and Persephone's encounter.

In the final arc, Minerva reveals the truth. Ananke and her sister were part of the first group of twelve with minor talents similar to the descended Laura. Her sister discovered that labeling themselves as "gods" gave them great power, a shortcut. Though "godhood" kills one of their group after two years, Ananke found a way to cheat death by creating the Minerva role and sacrificing four heads of each generation of the twelve. All of it just to prevent the Darkness of her permanent death. She traps each generation in a story, giving them "godhood" with the name of a deity specific to each individual's flaws allowing her to manipulate and sacrifice them; while also preventing them from discovering their true power as regular humans. With no heads sacrificed in the 2010s Recurrence, and both the Ananke and the Minerva having been killed, the cycle is finally free from her corruption and cannot be repeated by anyone else. Laura and her surviving peers go on to commit to a lifetime of work, using their powers without godhood to better the world. Once they all pass away naturally, the future will be a blank slate of possibility for future generations.

2014 Recurrence

Previous Recurrences

1922 Recurrence

This Recurrence ended on the 31st of December 1923. Unusually, the twelve gods all lived close to the end of the Recurrence, forcing Ananke to take drastic measures to complete the ceremony to stop the Great Darkness. It is revealed that Ananke has found and imprisoned the creature that Woden merged with in the previous Recurrence in the lighthouse near Lucifer's island. This issue ends with the events of the first issue of the comic.

  • Amaterasu – A goddess based on silent-era film actresses like Louise Brooks, whose miracles involve impersonation and screen projection. She kills Baal using a projection of a steam train. She is killed by Amon-Ra in a suicide pact. She is later reincarnated in the next recurrence.
  • Amun Ra – A god based on Langston Hughes and other Harlem Renaissance-era artists. He is in love with Amaterasu. He is killed by Susanoo in suicide pact. Not reincarnated since this Recurrence.
  • Baal – A god based on T. S. Eliot and Ezra Pound, he is in alliance with Set to plunge the world into darkness and preserve the cultural dominance of literature. He is killed by Amaterasu. Not reincarnated since this Recurrence.
  • Dionysus – A god based on Pablo Picasso during his Cubist period, and as such is a living embodiment of the movement. He dies by a laser rigged by Wōden. He is later reincarnated in the next Recurrence.
  • Lucifer – A god based on F. Scott Fitzgerald, who lives on an island mansion attended only by a magical projection of a butler. He is murdered by Set. He is later reincarnated in the next Recurrence.
  • Minerva – A goddess based on Shirley Temple, she is more upbeat and immature, and often has to be shielded when her fellow gods are murdered. She is aware of Ananke's ritual and obtains the heads of Set and Susanoo to complete it. She kills Ananke and takes her place, obtaining the power of the Ritual. She lives till the 2010s Recurrence, which would have made her 87 years old at this time, and 30 years old at the time of her conversation with author Robert Graves.
  • The Morrigan – A god based on James Joyce. He speaks of himself in the third person in a mixture of script and prose format. He is murdered by Ananke to draw the surviving Pantheon members towards the rebels, with his head the second used for the Ritual. He is later reincarnated in the next Recurrence.
  • Neptune – A god based on Ernest Hemingway, and visually resembling Captain Nemo. Despite being a sea god, he is unable to swim. He dies by Baal drowning him. Not reincarnated since this Recurrence.
  • The Norns – Three gods based on George Orwell, H.G. Wells, and Aldous Huxley. Verðandi is murdered for not wanting to join in the darkness plan. Skuld and Urðr are later killed by Set. They are later reincarnated in the next Recurrence.
  • Set – A goddess based on Virginia Woolf and other members of the Bloomsbury Group. She mentions previous incarnations having taken place during the reign of Ramses II and during the life of Jesus, similar to Woolf's character Orlando. She is killed by Minerva, with her head the third used for the Ritual. Not reincarnated since this Recurrence.
  • Susanoo – A god based on silent-era film comedians like Buster Keaton and Harold Lloyd, who is attracted to his "sister" Amaterasu. He is decapitated by Minerva after the suicide pact for the fourth head of the Ritual. Not reincarnated since this Recurrence.
  • Wōden – A god based on Joseph Goebbels, who appears to have vast mechanical and technological powers, only to be revealed to be a sham god and a fraud, likely by draining Mimir, whose head he keeps in a box. Both Mimir and Wōden are killed by Ananke. The circumstances are repeated by David and Jon Blake in the next Recurrence.
  • Persephone – A goddess based on Josephine Baker. Her head was removed by Ananke in 1922, a year before the events on Lucifer's island, as the first head used for the Ritual.

1830 Recurrence

This Recurrence ended on the 19th of March 1831.

  • Hades – A god based on John Keats. Ravaged by illness, he is killed by Ananke with his body then taken by Lucifer and The Morrígan to attempt a resurrection. Not reincarnated since this Recurrence.
  • Hestia – A goddess possibly based on Jane Austen. She is consumed by a pride of suitors at a ball. Not reincarnated since this Recurrence.
  • Inanna – A goddess based on Mary Shelley's step-sister Claire Clairmont. In return for godhood, she kills Wōden's children. The last survivor of this Recurrence, her head was removed by Ananke at the conclusion of the Recurrence. According to the 1831 creature, Inanna was a plagiarist who used stolen power. It's revealed in Kieron Gillen's Writer's Notes that she was a false god who drew power from the necklace she wore; similar to both of the Wōdens in the following two Recurrences. Reincarnated next in the 2010s Recurrence.
  • Lucifer – A god based on the poet Lord Byron, who does not want to accept his fate. He is killed by a creature of his own making while attempting to resurrect Hades. Next reincarnated in the 1920s Recurrence.
  • Morpheus – A god possibly based on Samuel Taylor Coleridge. He dies explaining a vision. Not reincarnated since this Recurrence.
  • The Morrígan – A god based on the poet Percy Shelley, who feels isolated from his cold wife, Wōden. He is killed by a creature of his own making while attempting to resurrect Hades. Next reincarnated in the 1920s Recurrence.
  • Perun – A god possibly based on Alexander Pushkin. He dies in Petersburg. Not reincarnated since this Recurrence.
  • Thoth – A god possibly based on Edgar Allan Poe. He is killed by an ape stealing his heart. Not reincarnated since this Recurrence.
  • Wōden – A goddess based on the author Mary Shelley, made bitter by the death of her three children. To save Inanna, she merges with the creature created by Lucifer and The Morrígan. The name is next used in the 1920s Recurrence. Thus far, this is the only Recurrence of Wōden that has not included a link to Mimir. She is killed by Baal as a mercy in 2015.
  • Unknown god who went by 'The Angel of Soho', Urizen, Enitharmon, and Orc. These are all characters from William Blake's mythology.
  • Unknown goddesses described as 'The Three Lonely Sisters of the Parsonage', possibly the Brontë sisters.
  • 1 Unknown god/goddess deceased by the end of the Recurrence. Likely a Minerva who murders Ananke and takes her persona. She lives until the 1923 Cycle, which would have made her 92 at the time of her death.
  • Persephone – Her head is removed by Ananke in Paris, France in 1830.

1738 Recurrence

  • 11 unknown gods and goddess dead by the end of the cycle.
  • Minerva – the Ananke of the 1830s cycle.
  • Persephone – killed in 1738 by Ananke in North America. She attempted to attack Ananke while her head was being removed from her body.

1371 Recurrence

This Recurrence takes place in France, a few decades after the plague known as The Black Death. Ended on the 2nd of March 1373.

  • 10 unknown gods and goddesses are dead by the end of the cycle.
  • Lucifer – a nun who maintained control after exceeding her 2 years. She kills Ananke who admits to creating the plague; Lucifer then allows godhood to consume her. Next known reincarnation in the 1830s Recurrence.
  • Minerva – a girl with skin deformities. She recruits people for Ananke to transform into gods. She watches Lucifer and Ananke burn, then leaves with a sack of heads.
  • Persephone – head removed by Ananke in 1371.

453 Recurrence

This Recurrence occurs during the second Sack of Rome in 455 AD. Ended on the 16th of August 455 AD.

  • Baal – A Carthaginian whom Geiseric mentions seeing perform and who was later killed. Next known reincarnation in the 1920s Recurrence.
  • Dionysus/Bacchus – A lover of Lucifer who relates more to the Roman god Bacchus than Dionysus. Lucifer wishes he was with him at the end of his life. Next known reincarnation in the 1920s Recurrence.
  • Inanna – Married Attila the Hun and killed him during sex, stopping his rise. Next known reincarnation in the 1830s Recurrence.
  • Lucifer – A lower actor made god, he calls himself Julius Caesar when he rejects his godhood. The last survivor of this Recurrence, he is killed by unknown causes. (It's inferred later in the story as his use of godhood and miracles burn him out after two years of time). The next known reincarnation is the 1370s Recurrence.
  • Mithras – According to Ananke, he died by feeding his flesh to a legion. Not known to have reincarnated since this Recurrence.
  • Minerva – According to Ananke, she is lost in an attempt at finding the Alexandrian Library. She would have actually survived due to the fact that each Minerva kills the previous Ananke and takes on Ananke's memories and persona. Next known reincarnation in the 1370s Recurrence.
  • Morai – According to Ananke, their fate was predetermined. Not known to have reincarnated since this Recurrence.
  • Persephone – head removed in Germania by Ananke during 454 AD, a year before Lucifer dies.
  • 5 unknown gods/goddesses deceased by the end of the Recurrence.

List of All Recurrences

This is a list of all Recurrences and the time and place they occurred. Unless otherwise stated the Persephone ends each cycle with her head being removed. The only two Persephones to actually kill Ananke were the 2483 BC incarnation (where she used the vines to destroy Ananke's head) and the 820 AD incarnation (where Persephone cut Ananke in half and ran away).

4000 BC – The first successful Recurrence, of which Ananke corrupts and makes the rules with her Sister thus creating the first Minerva.

3862 BC – Recurrence takes place in the Upper Nile Valley.

3770 BC – Recurrence takes place in Mesopotamia.

3678 BC – Recurrence takes place in the Indus Valley.

3586 BC – Recurrence takes place along the Yellow River.

3495 BC – Recurrence takes place in Uruk in Sumer. Persephone fought back against Ananke during this Recurrence, injuring her shoulder, but had part of her head removed in the attempt.

3403 BC – Recurrence takes place in the Fortaleza Valley in Peru.

3311 BC – Recurrence takes place in Western Europe.

3219 BC – Second Recurrence to take place in the Indus Valley.

3128 BC – Recurrence takes place in Egypt. This Minerva could only gather three heads and was swallowed by the Ritual until the next Recurrence.

3036 BC – Recurrence takes place in Crete. No Ananke in the cycle. Persephone killed by Minerva.

2942 BC – Recurrence takes place in Japan.

2849 BC – Recurrence takes place in Northern China.

2757 BC – Second Recurrence to take place in Egypt.

2666 BC – Second Recurrence to take place in Northern China.

2574 BC – Third Recurrence to take place in Egypt. Persephone fought back, impaling Ananke with her vines.

2483 BC – Recurrence takes place on Wrangel Island in the Arctic Ocean. Persephone obliterated Ananke's head.

2391 BC – Recurrence takes place in Harappa in the area known as Pakistan today.

2299 BC – Recurrence takes place around the city of Akkad.

2207 BC – Recurrence takes place in the British Isles.

2115 BC – Recurrence takes place in Canaan.

2024 BC – Third Recurrence to take place in Northern China.

1932 BC – Recurrence takes place in Australasia.

1840 BC – Fourth Recurrence to take place in Egypt.

1748 BC – Recurrence takes place in Babylon. Persephone's head is removed at the same time she kills Ananke with her vines.

1657 BC – Recurrence takes place in North America.

1565 BC – Fourth Recurrence to take place in Northern China.

1473 BC – Recurrence takes place in Northern Indus Valley region.

1381 BC – Recurrence takes place in Central America.

1289 BC – Fifth Recurrence to take place in Egypt, during the reign of Ramses the II. Persephone fought back against Ananke. Set is also known to have appeared during this Recurrence.

1197 BC – Recurrence takes place around Hattusa during the Hittite Empire. This Persephone also fought back against Ananke.

1106 BC – Recurrence takes place in Greece.

1014 BC – Recurrence takes place in Central China. Persephone attempted to fight, but had part of her head removed.

922 BC – Recurrence takes place in Assyria.

830 BC – Recurrence takes place in Carthage.

739 BC – Fifth Recurrence to take place in Northern China.

647 BC – Recurrence takes place in Persia. Persephone attempted to fight before removal of her head.

555 BC – Recurrence takes place in Eastern India.

463 BC – Recurrence takes place in Athens, Greece.

372 BC – Recurrence takes place in Macedonia.

280 BC – Second Recurrence to take place in Central India. Persephone appears to escape under ground.

188 BC – Recurrence takes place in Eastern China.

96 BC – Recurrence takes place in Etruria.

4 BC – Recurrence takes place in Judea. Lucifer and Set also participate.

88 AD – Recurrence takes place in Teotihuacan.

181 AD – Recurrence takes place in South East Asia.

271 AD – Second Recurrence takes place in Eastern China.

364 AD – Recurrence takes place in Eastern Europe.

453 AD – Recurrence takes place in Ancient Rome. 454 – Persephone is killed by Ananke in Germania. 2 August 455 – Lucifer, the last surviving god, takes over Rome. 16 August 455 – Lucifer dies.

546 AD – Recurrence takes place in Tikal.

637 AD – Recurrence takes place in Iraq.

729 AD – Recurrence takes place in Constantinople.

820 AD – Recurrence takes place in Francia. Persephone cuts Ananke in half before escaping.

912 AD – Sixth Recurrence to take place in Egypt. Persephone killed by Minerva.

1003 AD – Second Recurrence to take place in Japan.

1095 AD – Recurrence takes place in Syria.

1187 AD – Recurrence takes place in Jerusalem.

1279 AD – Sixth Recurrence to take place in Northern China.

1371 AD – Recurrence takes place in France.

1463 AD – Recurrence takes place in West Africa.

1554 AD – Recurrence takes place in Cusco.

1646 AD – Third Recurrence to take place in Japan.

1738 AD – Second Recurrence to take place in North America.

1830 AD – Second Recurrence to take place in France.

1922 – Third Recurrence to take place in North America.

2014 – Recurrence takes place in Great Britain.

It is shown that Persephone has appeared in each Recurrence since 3682 BC, where she was incarnated by Ananke. Ananke encourages her to sing, and as she does Ananke takes her head off. Since that time, 65 Recurrences have happened. The most Recurrences have happened in Egypt and Northern China.

Reception

The Wicked + the Divine has received generally positive reviews. The review aggregation website Comic Book Roundup reports that the series holds an average score of 8.6 out of 10. [26]

Awards

The Wicked + the Divine was the winner of Best Comic at the 2014 British Comic Awards. [27] The series has also been nominated for the 2015 Eisner Awards in three categories: Best New Series, Best Cover Artist, and Best Coloring. [28] In 2018, it was nominated for the Eisner Awards in the Best Continuing Series category. [29]

Collected editions

The entire series has been collected as nine trade paperback (TPB) volumes, and also as four deluxe hardcovers (HC):

TitleMaterial collectedRelease dateISBN
The Wicked + The Divine Vol 1: The Faust ActThe Wicked + The Divine #1–5November 12, 2014 ISBN   978-1-63215-019-6
The Wicked + The Divine Vol 2:FandemoniumThe Wicked + The Divine #6–11July 1, 2015 ISBN   978-1-63215-327-2
The Wicked + The Divine Vol 3:Commercial SuicideThe Wicked + The Divine #12–17February 3, 2016 ISBN   978-1-63215-631-0
The Wicked + The Divine Vol 4:Rising ActionThe Wicked + The Divine #18–22October 5, 2016 ISBN   978-1-63215-913-7
The Wicked + The Divine Vol 5:Imperial Phase (Part 1)The Wicked + The Divine #23–28June 7, 2017 ISBN   978-1-53430-185-6
The Wicked + The Divine Vol 6:Imperial Phase (Part 2)The Wicked + The Divine #29–33January 10, 2018 ISBN   978-1-53430-473-4
The Wicked + The Divine Vol 7:Mothering InventionThe Wicked + The Divine #34–39October 9, 2018 ISBN   978-1-53430-840-4
The Wicked + The Divine Vol 8:Old is the New NewThe Wicked + The Divine 455 A.D., 1373 A.D., 1831 A.D., 1923 A.D., Christmas Annual and The FunniesMarch 12, 2019 ISBN   978-1-53430-880-0
The Wicked + The Divine Vol 9:"Okay"The Wicked + The Divine #40–45October 2, 2019 ISBN   978-1-53431-249-4
TitleMaterial collectedRelease dateISBN
The Wicked + The Divine Book OneThe Wicked + The Divine #1–11April 6, 2016 ISBN   978-1-63215-728-7
The Wicked + The Divine Book TwoThe Wicked + The Divine #12–22July 12, 2017 ISBN   978-1-53430-220-4
The Wicked + The Divine Book ThreeThe Wicked + The Divine #23–33December 11, 2018 ISBN   978-1-53430-857-2
The Wicked + The Divine Book FourThe Wicked + The Divine #34–45, 455 A.D., 1373 A.D., 1831 A.D., 1923 A.D., Christmas Annual and The FunniesMarch 11, 2020 ISBN   978-1-53431-358-3

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jamie McKelvie</span> British illustrator of comic books and graphic novels

Jamie McKelvie is a British cartoonist and illustrator, known for his both work on books such as Phonogram, Young Avengers and The Wicked + The Divine, and his approach to comic character design.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Divine Council</span> Assembly of deities over which a higher-level God presides

A Divine Council is an assembly of a number of deities over which a higher-level one presides.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Vegetation deity</span> Nature deity who embodies the growth cycle of plants

A vegetation deity is a nature deity whose disappearance and reappearance, or life, death and rebirth, embodies the growth cycle of plants. In nature worship, the deity can be a god or goddess with the ability to regenerate itself. A vegetation deity is often a fertility deity. The deity typically undergoes dismemberment, scattering, and reintegration, as narrated in a myth or reenacted by a religious ritual. The cyclical pattern is given theological significance on themes such as immortality, resurrection, and reincarnation. Vegetation myths have structural resemblances to certain creation myths in which parts of a primordial being's body generate aspects of the cosmos, such as the Norse myth of Ymir.

The Canaanite god Baal in the Hebrew Bible is referenced in popular culture. Some influences in popular culture derive not from the Baal in the Hebrew Bible, but from Baal (demon) in 17th Century occult grimoires. Also Baal, through the New Testament Beelzebub, Lord of the Flies, is linked to Lucifer, or the Devil in popular culture.

God Is Dead is a comic book series created by Jonathan Hickman and Mike Costa, published by American company Avatar Press. It deals with ancient gods and goddesses from mythologies around the world coming to Earth to lay claim to the world of man. The subplot deals with a group of people named the Collective, who resist the ancient gods.

Rape in Greek mythology is a common motif. The struggle to escape from sexual pursuit is one of the most popular motifs of classical mythology. In the poem Ode on a Grecian Urn, Keats writes:

References

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