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Thermus thermophilus is a Gram-negative bacterium used in a range of biotechnological applications, including as a model organism for genetic manipulation, structural genomics, and systems biology. The bacterium is extremely thermophilic, with an optimal growth temperature of about 65 °C (149 °F). Thermus thermophilus was originally isolated from a thermal vent within a hot spring in Izu, Japan by Tairo Oshima and Kazutomo Imahori. The organism has also been found to be important in the degradation of organic materials in the thermogenic phase of composting. T. thermophilus is classified into several strains, of which HB8 and HB27 are the most commonly used in laboratory environments. Genome analyses of these strains were independently completed in 2004. Thermus also displays the highest frequencies of natural transformation known to date.
Nannochloropsis is a genus of algae comprising six known species. The genus in the current taxonomic classification was first termed by Hibberd (1981). The species have mostly been known from the marine environment but also occur in fresh and brackish water. All of the species are small, nonmotile spheres which do not express any distinct morphological features that can be distinguished by either light or electron microscopy. The characterisation is mostly done by rbcL gene and 18S rRNA sequence analysis.
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Rhodotorula toruloides is a species of oleaginous yeast. It is a red basidiomycete isolated from the wood pulp of conifers and naturally accumulates carotenoids, neutral lipids, and enzymes relevant to the chemical and pharmaceutical industries. It is able to metabolize all major components of lignocellulosic biomass and is a potential host for metabolic engineering to produce terpenes and fatty acids. R. toruloides accumulates lipids within intracellular lipid bodies under nutrient-limiting conditions and could potentially be a source for engineering of lipid-production pathways.
Leptospirillum ferriphilum is an iron-oxidising bacterium able to exist in environments of high acidity, high iron concentrations, and moderate to moderately high temperatures. It is one of the species responsible for the generation of acid mine drainage and the principal microbe used in industrial biohydrometallurgy processes to extract metals.
Alcanivorax dieselolei is a species of alkane-degrading bacteria. Its genome has been sequenced. It is halophilic, aerobic, Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, catalase- and oxidase-positive, motile and rod-shaped. Its type strain is B-5T.
Leuconostoc carnosum is a lactic acid bacterium; its type strain is NCFB 2776. Its genome has been sequenced. Its name derives from the fact that it was first isolated from chill-stored meats. Its significance is that it thrives in anaerobic environments with a temperature around 2 °C, thus has been known to spoil vacuum-packed meat, yet it is not pathogenic and certain strains of L. carnosum are known to produce bactericides known to inhibit or kill Listeria monocytogenes.
Thermoclostridium stercorarium is a cellulolytic thermophilic bacterium. It is anaerobic, spore-forming and saccharoclastic, with cells being rod-shaped and 0.7 to 0.8 by 2.7 to 7.7 µm in size. Its genome has been sequenced.
Rhodococcus opacus is a bacterium species in the genus Rhodococcus. It is moderately chemolithotrophic. Its genome has been sequenced. R. opacus possesses extensive catabolic pathways for both sugars and aromatics and can tolerate inhibitory compounds found in depolymerized biomass
Deferribacter desulfuricans is a species of sulfur-, nitrate- and arsenate-reducing thermophile first isolated from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent. It is an anaerobic, heterotrophic thermophile with type strain SSM1T.
Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens is a species of slime-forming, homofermentative, rod-shaped lactic acid bacteria first isolated from kefir grains, hence its name. Its type strain is WT-2B. Its genome has been sequenced. Lactobaccillus kefiranofaciens was first identified in 1967 in Russia through studying kefir granules. Lactobaccillus kefiranofaciens is part of the lactobacillus genus and firmicutes phylum of bacteria. These bacterium metabolize carbohydrates and produce lactic acid, which can be useful in fermentation. Two subspecies have been identified as kefirgranum and kefiranofaciens, which share properties such as being gram-positive, facultatively anaerobic, and rod-shaped.L. kefiranofaciens is the subspecies related to kefir granules. Studies have investigated the origins and causes for variation in kefir composition and led to conflicting results. Some studies indicate the presence of L.kefiranofaciens was due to geographical location, while others indicate it was due to the different milks used.
Neocallimastix patriciarum is a species of fungus that lives in the rumen of sheep and other ruminant species. N. patriciarum is an obligate anaerobe and is an important component of the microbial population within the rumen. Only one of a few rumen fungi, this species is interesting and unique within the fungal world. Originally thought to be a flagellate protists, species within the phylum Neocallimastigomycota were first recognized as a fungus by Colin Orpin in 1975 when he demonstrated that they had cell walls of chitin
Wang Jun is a Chinese scientist, founder and CEO of iCarbonX, and former CEO of the Beijing Genomics Institute.
Cellulosimicrobium cellulans is a Gram-positive bacterium from the genus of Cellulosimicrobium. Cellulosimicrobium cellulans can cause rare opportunistic infections. The strain EB-8-4 of this species can be used for stereoselective allylic hydroxylation of D-limonene to (+)-trans-carveol.
Phaeodactylibacter is a genus from the family Lewinellaceae.
Parabacteroides is a Gram-negative, anaerobic, non-spore-forming genus from the family Tannerellaceae.
Anaerolineaceae is a family of bacteria from the order of Anaerolineales. Anaerolineaceae bacteria occur in marine sediments. There are a total of twelve genera in this family, most of which only encompass one species. All known members of the family are Gram-negative and non-motile. They also do not form bacterial spores and are either mesophilic or thermophilic obligate anaerobes. It is also known that all species in this family are chemoheterotrophs.
Lebetimonas is a genus of bacteria from the family Nautiliaceae.
Ovaliviridae is a family of viruses of archaea that is not assigned to any higher taxonomic ranks. The family contains a single genus, Alphaovalivirus, which contains a single species, Sulfolobus ellipsoid virus 1. The linear genome of dsDNA is 23,219 bp with 172 bp inverted terminal repeats. Sulfolobus ellipsoid virus 1 was isolated from an acidic hot spring in Laguna Fumarólica, Costa Rica; the only known host is Sulfolobus sp. A20.
References
- ↑ Liu, S.-Y.; Rainey, F. A.; Morgan, H. W.; Mayer, F.; Wiegel, J. (1996). "Thermoanaerobacterium aotearoense sp. nov., a Slightly Acidophilic, Anaerobic Thermophile Isolated from Various Hot Springs in New Zealand, and Emendation of the Genus Thermoanaerobacterium". International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology. 46 (2): 388–396. doi: 10.1099/00207713-46-2-388 . ISSN 0020-7713.
- ↑ Ai, H.; Zhang, J.; Yang, M.; Yu, P.; Li, S.; Zhu, M.; Dong, H.; Wang, S.; Wang, J. (2014). "Draft Genome Sequence of an Anaerobic, Thermophilic Bacterium, Thermoanaerobacterium aotearoense SCUT27, Isolated from a Hot Spring in China". Genome Announcements. 2 (1): e00041–14–e00041–14. doi:10.1128/genomeA.00041-14. ISSN 2169-8287. PMC 3924364 . PMID 24526632.
