Thika River

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Thika River (top left) Tana OSM.png
Thika River (top left)

The Thika River flows through Kiambu County in central Kenya and is a tributary of the Tana River. The river forms a psychological boundary between the counties of Murang'a and Kiambu. The Thika River is a significant source of hydroelectric power in Kenya and provides most of the water supply for Nairobi, Kenya's capital and largest city.

Contents

The name Thika originates either from the Kikuyu language or from the Maasai language. [1] It may relate to the Kikuyu word guthika, which means to bury. [1] It also resembles the Maasai word sika, which means to rub something away from an edge. [1]

Course

The Thika River originates in the Aberdare Range. [2] It flows to the Tana River, which empties into the Indian Ocean. [2]

A landmark along the river's course is Thika Falls, near the town of Thika. [3] Thika Falls has a drop of about 25 metres (82 ft) in a wilderness area within walking distance of the Blue Post Hotel, one of the oldest hotels in Kenya. [3]

Ecology

During the early twentieth century, colonial big game hunters noted hippopotamus and crocodiles along the deeper sections of the river. [4] Baboons and leopards inhabited the forest near Thika Falls. [4] Antelopes and zebras lived in the open country upriver from the falls. [4] Rhinoceros, lions, and hyenas also resided in the area. [4] Most of the game today relocated either upriver to the Aberdares forest or downriver due to pressure from increased human settlement along the river.

Water source

Eighty percent of the water supply for Nairobi, Kenya's capital city, comes from the Thika River. [5]

Deforestation and overgrazing along the river's heavily populated course have caused soil erosion problems. [5] Sediments have reduced river flow, reservoir size, and water quality. [5] Water quality has also deteriorated due to pesticide runoff. [5]

Hydroelectricity

The Thika is part of the Tana basin, the most extensively engineered of Kenya's major arid watersheds. [6] Hydroelectric power from the Thika River supplies a significant portion of Kenya's electricity. The first proposal for exploiting the Thika River's hydroelectric potential was put forward shortly after World War I by Guglielmo Marconi as a means for supplying power for a planned radio communications station in Nairobi. [7] Marconi's plan was not implemented, but in 1994 the Thika Dam was constructed with a resulting water reservoir of 70 million cubic metres (15 billion imperial gallons; 18 billion US gallons). [5] [7] The Thika River also contributes to the Masinga Reservoir, which serves the Seven Forks Dams. [5] Taken together, three-quarters of Kenya's electrical supply derives from these dams. [5]

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Water supply and sanitation in Nairobi is characterised by achievements and challenges. Among the achievements is the expansion of infrastructure to keep pace with population growth, in particular through the construction of the Thika Dam and associated water treatment plant and pipelines during the 1990s; the transformation of the municipal water department into an autonomous utility in 2003; and the more recent reduction of water losses – technically called non-revenue water – from 50 to 40%.

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The Ndula Hydroelectric Power Station is a 2.0 MW (2,700 hp) hydroelectric power station on the Thika River in Kenya.

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References

  1. 1 2 3 "Municipal council of Thika: Background information". Municipal Council of Thika. Archived from the original on 2008-10-29. Retrieved 2008-09-28.
  2. 1 2 British Dam Society Conference (1992). Water Resources and Reservoir Engineering. Thomas Telford. pp. 131–140. ISBN   978-0-7277-1692-7 . Retrieved 2009-02-20.
  3. 1 2 Eva Ambros (1999). Kenya: An Up-to-date Travel Guide with 153 Color Photos and 14 Maps. Hunter Publishing. pp. 159–162. ISBN   978-3-88618-167-4 . Retrieved 2009-02-20.
  4. 1 2 3 4 Peter MacQueen (1909). In Wildest Africa: The Record of a Hunting and Exploration Trip Through Uganda, Victoria Nyanza, the Kilimanjaro Region and British East Africa, with an Account of an Ascent of the Snowfields of Mount Kibo, in East Central Africa, and a Description of the Various Native Tribes. George Ball and Sons. pp.  273–274. Retrieved 2009-02-20. Thika river.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Moriasi, Daniel; et al. (2007). Hydrologic And Environmental Impacts Of Conservation Practices In Oklahoma Agricultural Watersheds (abstract). United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service. p. 1. Archived from the original on 2009-02-16. Retrieved 2009-02-20.
  6. ↑ Mamdouh Shahin (2002). Hydrology and Water Resources of Africa. Springer. pp. 421–422. ISBN   978-1-4020-0866-5 . Retrieved 2009-02-20.
  7. 1 2 Peter J. Hugill (1999). Global Communications since 1844. JHU Press. pp. 118–119. Retrieved 2009-02-20.

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