Timeline of Minsk

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Minsk, Belarus.

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by editing the page to add missing items, with references to reliable sources.

Prior to 19th century

• 1066 – Vladimir the Great, Prince of Kiev, devastates the town. ^[1]
• 1067 – The Battle on the Nemiga River occurs near Minsk. ^[2]
• 1101 – Gleb Vseslavich becomes the prince of Minsk.
• 1104 – Town besieged by Kiev forces.
• 1115 – Town besieged by Kiev forces again.
• 1129 – Town becomes part of Kievan Rus'.
• 1242 – Town becomes part of Grand Duchy of Lithuania.
• 1413 – Minsk becomes part of the Vilnius Voivodeship. ^[3]
• 1441 – City charter granted.
• 1499 – Magdeburg rights granted. ^{[4] [3]}
• 1505 – City besieged by Crimean Khanate army. ^[1]
• 1508 – City besieged by Muscovy forces. ^[1]
• 1552 – Town privileges extended.
• 1566 – City becomes capital of Minsk Voivodeship.
• 1569 – City becomes part of Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. ^[3]
• 1591 – Minsk coat of arms  [ be ] granted.
• 1616 – Basilian monastery, Minsk  [ be-tarask ] founded.
• 1642 – Holy Spirit Cathedral (Minsk) built. ^[1]
• 1654 – Russo-Polish War (1654–1667): City occupied by the Russians.
• 1667 – City restored to the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.
• 1673 – Church built at Kalvaryja.
• 1685 – Yeshiva founded. ^[5]
• 1708 – Great Northern War: City occupied by the Swedes.
• 1709 – Great Northern War: City occupied by the Russians.
• 1710 – Jesuit church built.
• 1775 – 3rd Lithuanian Infantry Regiment stationed in Minsk. ^[6]
• 1789 – 1st Lithuanian National Cavalry Brigade stationed in Minsk. ^[7]
• 1790 – 1st Lithuanian National Cavalry Brigade relocated from Minsk to Kiejdany. ^[7]
• 1791 – 4th Lithuanian Infantry Regiment relocated from Borysów to Minsk. ^[6]
• 1792 – 4th Lithuanian Infantry Regiment relocated from Minsk to Słuck. ^[6]
• 1793
  • City annexed by the Russian Empire following the Second Partition of Poland. ^{[1] [3]}
  • Orthodox Diocese of Minsk (Belarusian Orthodox Church) established.
• 1796 – City becomes capital of Minsk Governorate.
• 1798 – Catholic diocese of Minsk formed. ^{[8] [1]}

19th century

• 1801 – Independence Avenue (Minsk) opened, then called Zahariy Street
• 1805 – Governor's Garden established.
• 1808 – Kalvaryja cemetery in use (approximate date).
• 1812
  • Napoleon in power. ^[1]
  • November: Russian forces oust the French. ^[9]
• 1821 – Population: 2,000 (approximate). ^[10]
• 1825 – Pischalauski Castle built, now a prison.
• 1827 – Population: 3,000 (approximate). ^[11]
• 1831 – Polish November Uprising. ^[4]
• 1836 – Alexander Square, Minsk  [ ru ] established.
• 1837 – Fire brigade in operation.
• 1838 – Minskiye gubernskiye vedomosti newspaper begins publication.
• 1840 – Military Cemetery established.
• 1844 – Theatre opens.
• 1845
  • Public library established. ^[12]
  • Population: 20,000 (approximate). ^[13]

19th-century painting of the Catholic Cathedral and former Jesuit College in Minsk

• 1846 – Moscow-Warsaw road laid out.
• 1857 – Greek Catholic Cathedral of Saints Peter and Paul rebuilt. ^[14]
• 1860 – Population: 27,000.
• 1864 – Church of Holy Trinity consecrated.
• 1871 – Minsk railway station opened.
• 1872 – Municipal water supply introduced.
• 1873 – Vilnius railway station built.
• 1882 – Population: 53,328. ^[15]
• 1886 – Minskiy Listok  [ ru ] newspaper begins publication. ^[2]
• 1890 – Kupala Theatre opens. ^[16]
• 1892 – Horse tram begins operating.
• 1897 – Population: 91,494. ^[1]
• 1898 – Russian Social Democratic Labour Party founded in Minsk. ^{[17] [2]}

20th century

Minsk in 1909

1900s–1940s

• 1902 – "All-Russian Congress of Zionists" held in Minsk. ^[2]
• 1910 – Church of Saints Simon and Helena consecrated.
• 1911 – Tolstoy library founded. ^[12]
• 1913 – Population: 117,600. ^[18]
• 1914 – Minsk teachers institute founded.
• 1917
  • November: "Bolshevik troops arrive in Minsk." ^[19]
  • December: First All-Belarusian Congress meets in city. ^[2]
• 1918
  • February: German forces oust Bolsheviks. ^[19]
  • 25 March: "First All-Belarusian Congress declares independence of the Belarusian Democratic Republic." ^[2]
• 1919
  • 8 January: City becomes capital of Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic. ^[3]
  • August: City captured by Polish troops during Operation Minsk, part of the Polish–Soviet War.
• 1920
  • July: Soviet forces take city. ^[19]
  • Belarusian State Polytechnic Institute established.
  • Theatre opens.
• 1921
  • Aleksandrovsky, Lyakhovsky, and Central administrative districts created.
  • Belarusian State University established.
  • City hosts first All-Belarusian Conference of Librarians. ^[12]
• 1923 – Museum of the First Congress of the Russian Social Democratic Workers' Party  [ be ] founded. ^[20]
• 1924 – Consulate-General of Poland established. ^[21]
• 1926 – January: City hosts first Congress of Belarusian Archeologists and Archeographers. ^[12]
• 1927 – Sovetskaya Belorussiya newspaper begins publication.
• 1929 – Electric tram begins operating.
• 1930 – Minsk State Medical Institute founded.
• 1931 – Belarusian Young Spectators' Theatre established. ^[16]
• 1932 – Belarusian State Conservatory, Minsk Botanical Garden  [ be ], ^[22] and Kamaroúski Park established.
• 1933
  • Minsk-1 Airport begins operating.
  • Opera and Ballet Theatre ^[16] and Belarusian Institute for National Economy established.
• 1934
  • Dynama Stadium built.
  • Government House, Minsk completed.
• 1937 – Kurapaty death camp begins operating near city. ^[2]
• 1938 – Kaganovich, Stalin, and Voroshilov administrative districts created.
• 1939
  • Soviet Belarus film studio relocates to Minsk.
  • National Opera and Ballet of Belarus building opens.
  • Belarusian State Art Gallery established.
  • Population: 238,948. ^[23]

Map of Minsk, 1941

• 1940 – Soviet executions of Polish officers and intelligentsia during the Katyn massacre. ^[24]
• 1941
  • June: Bombing of Minsk. ^[25]
  • June 28: German occupation begins. ^[19]
  • July 17: Reichskommissariat Ostland established.
  • July 20: Minsk Ghetto established.
  • Dulag 126 and Dulag 127 transit camps for prisoners of war based in Minsk. ^[26]
  • August: Forced labour camp for Jews established. ^[27]
  • Stalag 352 prisoner-of-war camp established by the Germans. ^[28]
  • October: Some 8,000 POWs from Stalag 352 executed. ^[28]
• 1942
  • February: 925 POWs executed at Stalag 352. ^[28]
  • May: Maly Trostenets extermination camp in operation.
  • August: 600 POWs executed at Stalag 352. ^[28]
• 1943 – State Archive for Film established. ^[29]
• 1944
  • June: Stalag 352 camp evacuated westwards. ^[28]
  • 4 July: Red Army takes city. ^[19]
  • Minsk Automobile Plant established.
  • Belarusian Great Patriotic War Museum opens.
  • Zvyazda newspaper in publication.
• 1945 – Belarus Theatrical Institute founded.
• 1946
  • Minsk Tractor Works established.
  • Belarusian Institute of Technology relocates to Minsk.
• 1948 – Minsk Institute for Foreign Languages founded.

1950s–1990s

• 1950
  • Yanka Kupala Park and Pobieda Kino (cinema) ^[30] established.
  • Tarpeda Stadium built.
  • Belarusian State Puppet Theatre  [ be ] active. ^[16]
• 1954
  • Minsk Wheeled Tractor Plant founded.
  • Victory Square monument erected.
• 1955
  • Children's Railroad opens.
  • Vasily Ivanovich Sharapov becomes mayor. ^{[31] [32]}
• 1957 – Belarusian State History Museum established.
• 1959
  • Minsk Refrigerator Plant established.
  • Population: 509,667.
• 1961 – October Square, Minsk construction completed.
• 1963 – MKAD (Minsk) ring road constructed.
• 1964 – Radioengineering Institute established.
• 1967 – Vecherniy Minsk newspaper begins publication. ^[33]
• 1968 – Stadium of the VSS Red Banner opens.
• 1970
  • Belarusian State Musical Comedy Theatre active. ^[16]
  • Population: 917,428.
• 1971 – Belarus Optical & Mechanical Enterprise founded.
• 1979
  • Belarusian History Museum opens.
  • Population: 1,333,000. ^[34]

Minsk in 1981

• 1981 – Biennial puppet festival begins. ^[16]
• 1982 – Minsk National Airport begins operating.
• 1984
  • Minsk Metro begins operating.
  • Minsk Zoo opens.
• 1988 – 30 October: Demonstration; crackdown. ^[2]
• 1989
  • 19 February: "Rally of 'informals.'" ^[2]
  • 30 September: Environmental protest. ^[35]
  • 1989 – Population: 1,607,077.
• 1990 – Public Library of the City of Minsk established. ^[12]
• 1991
  • April: Labor strike. ^[2]
  • City becomes capital of Republic of Belarus. ^[3]
  • City "becomes the headquarters of the successor to the Soviet Union, the Commonwealth of Independent States." ^{[25] [36]}
  • State Security Committee of the Republic of Belarus (KGB HQ) formed.
  • Belarusian Nature and Environment Museum and Academy of Public Administration founded.
• 1992 – International Sakharov Environmental University and Republican Institute for Vocational Education established.
• 1993
  • July: Belarusians of the World congress held in city. ^[2]
  • Listapad (Minsk International Film Festival) begins.
• 1994 – Polish Institute in Minsk established.
• 1995 – Vladimir Yermoshin becomes mayor. ^[31]
• 1996
  • November: "Chernobyl march." ^[37]
  • National Academic Bolshoi Ballet Theatre of the Republic of Belarus and National Academic Opera Theatre of Belarus formed.
• 1999
  • 30 May: Nyamiha metro disaster. ^[19]
  • Moscow bus station (Minsk)  [ be ] built.
• 2000
  • 15 March: Political demonstration held. ^[38]
  • Mikhail Pavlov becomes mayor. ^[31]
  • Darida Stadium opens.

21st century

2000s

• 2001 – March: Anti-Lukashenko demonstration. ^[25]
• 2002
  • Minsk Passazhirsky railway station and Football Manege arena built.
  • MKAD (Minsk) ring road rebuilt.
  • Independence Square, Minsk reconstruction completed.
  • October: Library of the Polish Institute in Minsk established. ^[39]
• 2004
  • Kurapaty monument installed.
  • IIHF World U18 Championships held.
• 2005 – 14 May: Water féerie demonstration.^{[ citation needed ]}
• 2006
  • March: Jeans Revolution. ^[25]
  • November: Summit of Commonwealth of Independent States.
  • National Library of Belarus building opens.
• 2007 – March: Anti-Lukashenko demonstration. ^[25]
• 2008 – 4 July: Bombing.
• 2009 – Ў Gallery founded. ^[40]

2010s

• 2010
  • December: Post-election demonstration. ^{[41] [25]}
  • Minsk-Arena opens.
  • Nikolai Aleksandrovich Ladutko  [ be ] becomes mayor. ^[31]
• 2011
  • 11 April: Metro bombing. ^[25]
  • Protests against Lukashenko regime. ^[42]
• 2012
  • 4 July: Teddy bear airdrop. ^[43]
  • Population: 1,901,700.
• 2014
  • May: 2014 Ice Hockey World Championship held in city. ^[44]
  • Andrei Shorets becomes mayor. ^[31]
  • Population: 1,921,807 city; 2,101,018 metro.
• 2015 – 12 February: International meeting produces ceasefire agreement ("Minsk II") related to the War in Donbas. ^[45]
• 2019 – Minsk hosts the 2019 European Games.

See also

• History of Minsk
  • Timeline of Minsk governance
  • Timeline of technology in Minsk
  • Minsk population growth
• History of Minsk with timeline (in Belarusian Taraškievica)
• List of mayors of Minsk  [ ru ]

References

1. Britannica 1910.
2. Vitali Silitski; Jan Zaprudnik (2007). "Chronology". A to Z of Belarus. Scarecrow Press. ISBN   978-1-4617-3174-0.
3. "About Minsk". Minsk.gov.by. Minsk City Executive Committee  [ ru ]. Retrieved 30 September 2015.
4. Dodd, Mead 1905.
5. "Minsk". Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe . Yivo Institute for Jewish Research . Retrieved 28 February 2015.
6. Gembarzewski, Bronisław (1925). Rodowody pułków polskich i oddziałów równorzędnych od r. 1717 do r. 1831 (in Polish). Warszawa: Towarzystwo Wiedzy Wojskowej. p. 34.
7. Gembarzewski, p. 10
8. "Chronology of Catholic Dioceses: Russia". Norway: Roman Catholic Diocese of Oslo . Retrieved 30 September 2015.
9. Overall 1870.
10. Jedidiah Morse; Richard C. Morse (1821), A New Universal Gazetteer, Or, Geographical Dictionary (3rd ed.), New Haven: S. Converse
11. Conrad Malte-Brun (1827), Universal Geography, Philadelphia: A. Finley, OCLC   9262496, OL   23353752M
12. Liavon Yurevich (2010), "Belarus: Libraries", in Marcia J. Bates (ed.), Encyclopedia of Library and Information Sciences, Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press, ISBN   9780849397127
13. John Thomson (1845), The new universal gazetteer and geographical dictionary, London: H.G. Bohn, OL   7229709M
14. Baedeker 1914.
15. Hunter, Brian; Paxton, John; Steinberg, S. H.; Epstein, Mortimer; Renwick, Isaac Parker Anderson; Keltie, John Scott; Martin, Frederick (1885). "Russia". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. hdl:2027/nyp.33433081590469.
16. Vankarem Nikiforovich (1994). "Belarus". In Don Rubin; et al. (eds.). World Encyclopedia of Contemporary Theatre: Europe. Routledge. pp.  94–106. ISBN   9780415251570.
17. James C. Docherty; Peter Lamb (2006). "Chronology". Historical Dictionary of Socialism (2nd ed.). Scarecrow Press. ISBN   978-0-8108-6477-1.
18. "Russia: Principal Towns: European Russia". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1921. hdl:2027/njp.32101072368440.
19. "Belarus". Political Chronology of Europe. Europa Publications. 2003. pp. 16+. ISBN   978-1-135-35687-3.
20. Russia & Belarus. Lonely Planet. 2006. ISBN   978-1-74104-291-7.
21. Wasilewski, Aleksander (2010). Polskie Konsulaty na Wschodzie 1918-1939 (in Polish, English, and Russian). Warszawa. p. 53. ISBN   978-83-7585-140-3.
22. "Garden Search". London: Botanic Gardens Conservation International . Retrieved 30 September 2015.
23. "Всесоюзная перепись населения 1939" [Census of 1939], Demoscope Weekly  [ ru ] (in Russian), ISSN   1726-2887
24. Zbrodnia katyńska (in Polish). Warszawa: IPN. 2020. p. 17. ISBN   978-83-8098-825-5.
25. "Belarus Profile: Timeline", BBC News, 3 May 2012, retrieved 30 September 2015
26. Megargee, Geoffrey P.; Overmans, Rüdiger; Vogt, Wolfgang (2022). The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos 1933–1945. Volume IV. Indiana University Press, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. pp. 79–81. ISBN   978-0-253-06089-1.
27. "Zwangsarbeitslager für Juden Mínsk". Bundesarchiv.de (in German). Retrieved 10 July 2022.
28. Megargee, Geoffrey P.; Overmans, Rüdiger; Vogt, Wolfgang (2022). The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos 1933–1945. Volume IV. Indiana University Press, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. pp. 354–356. ISBN   978-0-253-06089-1.
29. Film and Television Collections in Europe: the MAP-TV Guide. Routledge. 1995. ISBN   978-1-135-37262-0.
30. "Movie Theaters in Minsk, Belarus". CinemaTreasures.org. Los Angeles: Cinema Treasures LLC. Retrieved 30 September 2015.
31. "History of the Minsk City authorities since 1879". Minsk.gov.by. Retrieved 13 May 2013.
32. Lee Harvey Oswald (10 July 1964), "Oswald Called It My 'Historic Diary' -- and It Is", Life , USA
33. "Belarus". Europa World Year Book. Europa Publications. 2004. p. 729+. ISBN   978-1-85743-254-1.
34. Henry W. Morton and Robert C. Stuart, ed. (1984). The Contemporary Soviet City . New York: M.E. Sharpe. p.  4. ISBN   978-0-87332-248-5.
35. "Marchers in Minsk Demand Further Chernobyl Cleanup". New York Times. 1 October 1989.
36. "Familiar Questions for Ancient Minsk", New York Times, 30 December 1991
37. David R. Marples (2012). "Chronology". Belarus: A Denationalized Nation. Routledge. ISBN   978-1-134-41197-9.
38. "Belarus: Chronology". Eastern Europe, Russia and Central Asia. Regional Surveys of the World. Europa Publications. 2002. pp. 132–136. ISBN   978-1-85743-137-7.
39. "Biblioteka". Instytut Polski w Mińsku (in Polish). Retrieved 31 July 2022.
40. "Belarus". Art Spaces Directory. New York: New Museum . Retrieved 30 September 2015.
41. World Report 2012: Belarus. Human Rights Watch. 22 January 2012.
42. "Hundreds arrested in Belarus at anti-Lukashenko rallies". BBC News. 7 July 2011.
43. "Teddy Bears Fall From Sky, and Heads Roll in Minsk". New York Times. 1 August 2012.
44. "An insider's cultural guide to Minsk", The Guardian , UK, 18 August 2015
45. "Chronicle of 2015". Annual Register (257 ed.). UK. 2016. ISSN   0266-6170.{{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help)

This article incorporates information from the Belarusian Wikipedia and the Russian Wikipedia.

Bibliography

• William Henry Overall, ed. (1870). "Minsk, Russia". Dictionary of Chronology. London: William Tegg. hdl:2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t9m32q949.
• "Minsk", New International Encyclopaedia, New York: Dodd, Mead, 1905
• "Minsk", Jewish Encyclopedia, vol. 8, New York, 1906, hdl:2027/osu.32435029752870
• "Minsk (town)"  . Encyclopædia Britannica . Vol. 18 (11th ed.). 1910. p. 556.
• "Minsk". Russia. Leipzig: Karl Baedeker. 1914. OCLC   1328163.

External links

• Media related to History of Minsk at Wikimedia Commons
• Europeana. Items related to Minsk, various dates.
• Digital Public Library of America. Items related to Minsk, various dates