Prior to 20th century
- 550 BCE – Achaemenids in power (approximate date). [1]
- 100s CE – Migration of Arab tribes from Yemen. [1]
- 633 CE – Regional Islamization. [1]
- 696 CE – Umayyad army attempting to seize Muscat was defeated. [2]
- 865 CE – Flood destroy a portion of the city. [2]
- 1507 – City taken by Portuguese forces under command of Afonso de Albuquerque. [1]
- 1522 – Uprising against Portuguese rule. [1]
- 1546 – City bombarded by Ottoman ships without landing. [1]
- 1552 – Capture of Muscat (1552) by Ottoman forces under Piri Reis for a brief period. [2]
- 1581 – City pillaged by Ottomans under command of Piri Reis before withdrawing. [2]
- 1586-1588 – Fort al-Jalali and Fort al-Mirani completed. [2] [3]
- 1624 – Construction begins of "earthen land wall" around city. [2]
- 1640 – City attacked by forces of Nasir bin Murshid. [2]
- 1648 – City besieged by Nasir ibn Murshid but Portuguese sued for peace. [2]
- 1650 – City taken by forces of Sultan bin Saif; Portuguese ousted. [2] [4]
- 1670 – Dutch East India Company factory established. [1]
- 1738 – Muscat occupied by forces of Muhammad Taqi Khan of Fars. [5]
- 1740s – Ahmad bin Said al-Busaidi in power. [6] [7]
- 1792 – Albusaidi monarch Hamad ibn Said relocates the capital of Oman from Rustaq to Muscat. [1]
- 1800 – British representative of the British East India Company takes residence in Muscat. [2]
- 1806 – Said bin Sultan in power. [8]
- 1832 – Capital of the Omani empire relocated from Muscat to colonial Zanzibar by Said bin Sultan. [9]
- 1845 – Bait al-Falaj Fort built. [10]
- 1856 – Thuwaini bin Said becomes sultan of the newly formed Sultanate of Muscat and Oman and his capital is Muscat.
- 1879 – The United States consulate is established in Muscat. [2]
- 1890 – Cyclonic storm flooding kills 700 people. [2]
- 1893 – Hospital established. [1]
- 1894 – French consulate established. [2]
- 1899 – Bubonic plague strikes at Muscat. [2]
