Timok Great Timok | |
---|---|
View of the Timok at Baley, Bulgaria | |
Native name | |
Location | |
Country | Serbia, Bulgaria |
City | Serbia: Zaječar, Brusnik Bulgaria: Bregovo, Baley |
Physical characteristics | |
Source | Zaječar, Serbia |
• location | Junction of the Beli Timok and the Crni Timok |
• coordinates | 43°55′12″N22°17′52″E / 43.92000°N 22.29778°E |
Mouth | Danube |
• location | north of Bregovo, Bulgaria / east of Negotin, Serbia |
• coordinates | 44°12′49″N22°40′13″E / 44.21361°N 22.67028°E |
Length | 202 [1] km (126 mi) |
Basin size | 4,626 [2] km2 (1,786 sq mi) |
Discharge | |
• location | mouth |
• average | 31 m3/s (1,100 cu ft/s) |
Basin features | |
Progression | Danube→ Black Sea |
Tributaries | |
• left | Crni Timok |
• right | Beli Timok |
The Timok (Serbian and Bulgarian: Тимок; Romanian : Timoc), sometimes also known as Great Timok (Serbian : Велики Тимок, romanized: Veliki Timok; Romanian : Timocul Mare), is a river in eastern Serbia, a right tributary of the Danube. For the last 15 km of its run it forms a border between eastern Serbia and western Bulgaria.
It is a branchy system of many shorter rivers, many of them having the same name (Timok), only clarified with adjectives. From the farthest source in the system, that of the Svrljiški Timok, until its confluence (as Veliki Timok), the Timok is 202 km long. [1] The area of the river basin is 4,626 km2 (1,786 sq mi). [2] Its average discharge at the mouth is 31 m3/s (1,100 cu ft/s). [3] The Timok Valley is known for the most important Vlach population in Eastern Serbia.
Its name stems from antiquity, in Latin it was known as Timacus and in Ancient Greek Timachos", Τίμαχος. [4]
The Timok, also named Veliki Timok to distinguish it from its tributaries, is formed by the confluence of the rivers Beli Timok ("White Timok") and Crni Timok ("Black Timok") at Zaječar. The Beli Timok is formed by the confluence of the rivers Svrljiški Timok ("Svrljig Timok") and Trgoviški Timok ("Trgovište Timok") at Knjaževac.
Tributaries of the Timok are Duboki Dol, Beslarica, Golami Dol, Kijevska, Bračevicka, Studena Voda, Pivnica and Eleshchev from the right, and Lipovička River, Crna reka, Jelašnička reka, Salaška reka, Ogašu Taba, Brusnički potok, Urovički potok, Plandište and Sikolska river from the left.
The Timok turns north-west after its formation at Zaječar, running next to the villages of Vražogrnac, Trnavac, Čokonjar, and Brusnik. Passing between the last two it leaves the Timok Valley and enters the Negotin Valley.
In the lower course the Timok has no major settlements on the Serbian side (though flowing only 7 km from Negotin). Some 15 km before it empties into the Danube as its right tributary, the Timok becomes a border river, passing next to the Bulgarian town of Bregovo and the Bulgarian village of Baley. The river's mouth represents the northernmost point of Bulgaria, and is only 28 m above sea level, which makes it the lowest point of Serbia. The average discharge is 24 m³/s, but it can grow to 40 m³/s, and the Timok is part of the Black Sea drainage basin. The main (right) tributaries in this section are Crna reka, Salaška reka, Sikolska reka and Čubarska reka (Cyrillic: Црна река, Салашка река, Сиколска река and Чубарска река).
Apart from the Timok Valley, the Timok gave its name to a rebellion against Serbian king Milan Obrenović IV in 1883, as Timočka Rebellion.
At Čokonjar, the Sokolovica power plant was constructed in 1947–1951. Opportunities for higher electricity production are not used.
The river has been greatly ecologically damaged in recent years by the mining and heavy metal industry in Bor and Krivelj and is consequently polluting the Danube with lead, copper and cadmium.
The river valley is a natural route for the road and railway Niš - Prahovo.
Veljko Petrović, known simply as Hajduk Veljko, was one of the vojvodas of the Serbian Revolutionary forces in the First Serbian Uprising against the Ottoman Empire, in charge of the Negotin area. He was one of the most prominent leaders of the uprising.
The Timok Valley is a geographical region in east Serbia around the Timok River. The Timok Valley corresponds to parts of two Serbian districts, with a total 2022 census population of 200,785.
The Great Morava is the final section of the Morava, a major river system in Serbia.
The Iskar is a right tributary of the Danube. With a length of 368 km it is the longest river that runs entirely within Bulgaria. Originating as three forks in Balkan's highest mountain range Rila, it flows in northern direction until its confluence with the Danube River. As it flows northwards it fuels the largest artificial lake in the country, the Iskar Reservoir, forms the divide between the Vitosha and Plana Mountains in the west and the Sredna Gora mountain range in the east before entering the Sofia Valley, which contains the nation's capital Sofia. From there the Iskar runs through the Balkan Mountains forming the spectacular 84 km long Iskar Gorge and as it crosses the mountains its water course turns in north-eastern direction at Lakatnik. North of the Balkan Mountains the river crosses the Danubian Plain and finally flows into the Danube between the villages of Baykal and Gigen. Geologically, Iskar is the oldest river in the Balkan Peninsula.
The South Morava is a river in eastern Kosovo and in southern Serbia, which represents the shorter headwater of Great Morava. Today, it is 295 km long, including its source river Binačka Morava. It flows generally in the south to north direction, from the Macedonian border to Kosovo and onwards to Central Serbia, where it meets West Morava at Stalać, to create Great Morava.
The Mlava is a river in Serbia, 158 km long right tributary of the Danube.
The Toplica is a river in southern Serbia. The river is 130 km long and gives its name to the region it flows through, which constitutes most of the modern Toplica District of Serbia.
The Pek is a river in eastern Serbia. It is a 129 km long right tributary of the Danube, flowing through the regions of Homolje, Zvižd and Braničevo.
The Vlasina is a river in southeastern Serbia, a 70 km-long outflow of the Vlasina Lake and a right tributary to the South Morava, which also gives its name to the surrounding Vlasina region.
The Jasenička river is a river in eastern Serbia, a 55 km-long right tributary to the Danube.
The Porečka River is a river in eastern Serbia, a 50 km-long right tributary to the Danube in the Đerdap gorge. It originates from two headstreams, the Šaška and the Crnajka rivers, which meet at the village of Miloševa Kula.
The Svrljiški Timok is a river in Serbia, headwater of the Beli Timok. It rises north of the Mountains of Svrljig near the village of Šesti Gabar at elevation 1,078 m and flows to the west, curving around the northern slopes of the Mountains of Svrljig. It passes through many villages, reaching the town of Svrljig, that gives its name to the river, which here gently turns to the north, and after passing through Niševac and Varoš makes a complete turn to the north-east. It runs through Palilula, Podvis and Rgošte, reaching Knjaževac, where it meets the Trgoviški Timok and together they form the Beli Timok. The total length of the river is 64 km; the area of the river basin is 726 km2 (280 sq mi).
The Trgoviški Timok is a river in Serbia, also known as Korenatac or Strma river. It starts on the western slopes of the Balkan Mountains, right under the highest peak of the mountain in Serbia, Midžor, less than a kilometer from the Bulgarian border. The river runs to the east, receiving three smaller streams from the other peaks of Balkan mountain range with colorful names. The river passes through the villages of Balta Berilovac, Vrtovac and Inovo. On this reach it receives the Debelička and Ćuštička rivers from the left and the Golaška and Inovska rivers from the right. At the village of Kalna, it is joined by the Stanjanska River, flowing down the northern slopes of the Jadovnik mountain, turns to the north and becomes known as the Trgoviški Timok.
The Žukovačka River is the largest right tributary of the Trgoviški Timok in Serbia. In its upper course it is also called Leva River and Aldinačka River. It flows into the Trgoviški Timok near Žukovac. Its total length is 21.3 km (13.2 mi), and its drainage basin area is 104 km2 (40 sq mi).
The Beli Timok is a headwater of the Timok River in Serbia. It starts at the junction of the Svrljiški Timok River and the Trgoviški Timok River, in Knjaževac. It was also known as Knjaževački Timok.
The Crni Timok, also known as Crna River or Krivovirski Timok, is a headwater of the Timok River.
Timok is a river in eastern Serbia and western Bulgaria.
The Negotin Valley is a region in northeastern Serbia. It is isolated and distanced from other parts of Central Serbia. The Negotin Valley has unusual climatic features and hydropotential and geomorphologic sites.
Media related to Timok at Wikimedia Commons