Industry (economics)

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Cement factories, part of the manufacturing industry, produce product for the construction industry (also known as the building industry). This factory was in Malmo, Sweden. Cementfabriken pa Limhamn-flygbild 06 september 2014.jpg
Cement factories, part of the manufacturing industry, produce product for the construction industry (also known as the building industry). This factory was in Malmö, Sweden.
Burj al Arab as a symbol for the hospitality industry Burj Al Arab, Dubai, by Joi Ito Dec2007.jpg
Burj al Arab as a symbol for the hospitality industry
An image of the motor industry (automotive industry), a supplier to the transport industry. Economists may regard the manufacture of vehicles as a foundational industry and as a bellwether industry. Geely assembly line in Beilun, Ningbo.JPG
An image of the motor industry (automotive industry), a supplier to the transport industry. Economists may regard the manufacture of vehicles as a foundational industry and as a bellwether industry.

In macroeconomics, an industry is a branch of an economy that produces a closely related set of raw materials, goods, or services. [2] For example, one might refer to the wood industry or to the insurance industry.

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When evaluating a single group or company, its dominant source of revenue is typically used by industry classifications to classify it within a specific industry. [3] For example the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC) – used directly or through derived classifications for the official statistics of most countries worldwide – classifies "statistical units" by the "economic activity in which they mainly engage". Industry is then defined as "set of statistical units that are classified into the same ISIC category". [4] However, a single business need not belong just to one industry, such as when a large business (often referred to as a conglomerate) diversifies across separate industries.

Other industry classification systems include the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS), which was developed through partnerships with North American countries such as the United States, Canada, and Mexico, in order to standardize the comparison of business activities in North America. [5] There is also the Global Industry Classification Standard (GICS), which is used to assign companies to specific economic sectors and industry groups. [6]

There are many industry classifications in the modern economy, which can be grouped into larger categories called economic sectors. Sectors are broader than industry classifications. For example, the retail trade sector contains industries such as clothing stores, shoe stores, and health and personal care stores. Companies are not limited to one sector or industry. They can reside in multiple sectors and industries.

Industries, though associated with specific products, processes, and consumer markets, can evolve over time. One distinct industry (for example, barrelmaking) may become limited to a tiny niche market and get mostly re-classified into another industry using new techniques. At the same time, entirely new industries may branch off from older ones once a significant market becomes apparent[ citation needed ] (as the semiconductor industry became distinguished from the wider electronics industry).

Industry classification is valuable for economic analysis because it leads to largely distinct categories with simple relationships. Through these classifications, economists are able to compare companies within the same industry to evaluate the attractiveness of that industry. Companies within the same industry can also have similar stock price movements due to their similarity and macroeconomic factors that affect all members of an industry. [7] However, more complex cases, such as otherwise different processes yielding similar products, require an element of standardization and prevent any one schema from fitting all possible uses.

See also

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Secondary sector of the economy</span> Manufacturing and construction industries

In macroeconomics, the secondary sector of the economy is an economic sector in the three-sector theory that describes the role of manufacturing. It encompasses industries that produce a finished, usable product or are involved in construction.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">North American Industry Classification System</span> Standard for classifying business establishments

The North American Industry Classification System or NAICS is a classification of business establishments by type of economic activity. It is used by governments and business in Canada, Mexico, and the United States of America. It has largely replaced the older Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system, except in some government agencies, such as the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).

The Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) was a system for classifying industries by a four-digit code as a method of standardizing industry classification for statistical purposes across agencies. Established in the United States in 1937, it is used by government agencies to classify industry areas. Similar SIC systems are also used by agencies in other countries, e.g., by the United Kingdom's Companies House.

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Industry averages are generally using as benchmarks or tools which helps business to make comparisons that helps to determine its position within the industry and evaluate financial performance of the business. It is a useful tool for business managers and investors, helps with decision making process. It represent data figures of various business organizations across different industries of producing distinct products and services. Some individuals and organizations use industry averages as a useful tools, it gives a medium level of all other competitors performance. Compare their own data figure with those averages, it could help individual or organization to make decisions and predictions about possible outcomes. Such as, Investors compare an organization's financial ratios with industry averages to evaluate whether the organization have potential power to growth in the future, and level of risk for the investment. All those factors contribute to decision making and deeper analysis. Data required can be collect through survey or through several professional statistic websites, for individuals are more likely to obtain information using internet. Industry averages could also refer to terms related to industrial sector such as industry averages salaries, unemployment rates, Clickthrough rates and so on, using as benchmarks for comparisons.

References

  1. Norton, Norton (26 March 2015) [2007]. "General Motors: Lost Dominance". In Tremblay, Victor J.; Tremblay, Carol Horton (eds.). Industry and Firm Studies (4 ed.). London: Routledge (published 2015). p. 271. ISBN   9781317468028. Archived from the original on 10 October 2021. Retrieved 10 October 2021. It was noteworthy that GM's dominance was in an extremely important industry. In simplest economic terms, it is a foundational industry. [...] The motor vehicle industry is a bellwether industry—its success has long been a signal of the state of the American economy.
  2. Compare: "Industry". Merriam-Webster Dictionary. 4 August 2020. Archived from the original on 6 January 2006. Retrieved 11 August 2020. 1 b: a distinct group of productive or profit-making enterprises [...]
    c: a department or branch of a craft, art, business, or manufacture
  3. "'Definition of Industry' Investopedia". 2003-11-20. Archived from the original on 2017-07-22. Retrieved 2015-05-22. Individual companies are generally classified into an industry based on their largest sources of revenue. For example, while an automobile manufacturer might have a financing division that contributes 10% to the firm's overall revenues, the company would be classified in the automaker industry by most classification systems.
  4. International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities (ISIC), Rev.4 (PDF). New York: United Nations Publication. 2008. p. 3. ISBN   978-92-1-161518-0. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-06-22. Retrieved 2022-06-21. 6. The classification is used to classify statistical units, such as establishments or enterprises, according to the economic activity in which they mainly engage. At each level of ISIC, each statistical unit is assigned to one and only one ISIC code, as set out below. The set of statistical units that are classified into the same ISIC category is then often referred to as an industry […]
  5. Kenton, Will. "North American Industry Classification System (NAICS)". Investopedia. Archived from the original on 2023-05-01. Retrieved 2023-05-01.
  6. Hayes, Adam. "What Is the Global Industry Classification Standard (GICS)?". Investopedia. Archived from the original on 2023-05-01. Retrieved 2023-05-01.
  7. Gorton, David. "Industry Definition in Business and Investing". Investopedia. Archived from the original on June 3, 2022. Retrieved May 30, 2022.